Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical trial of the oral form of VP 16-213 (NSC-141540), a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was undertaken. In 20 patients, treatment was started at 200 mg/day p.o. for 5 days; courses were repeated after a rest period of 16 days. Five patients were treated at the same dose, repeated with only 9-day rest periods. Subsequently, 65 patients were given 300-400 mg/day for 5 days, with rest periods of 9 days between courses. The side effects encountered included anorexia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, and pruritus. Substernal discomfort with or without palpitations was reported by 18 patients; no explanation for this symptom could be found. No complete remissions (CR) were observed. Parital remissions (PR) and improvement (IMP) were seen as follows: small cell carcinoma, lung (10 patients)--2 PR, 3 IMP; adenocarcinoma, lung (4 patients)--1 PR; alveolar cell carcinoma, lung (1 patient)--1 IMP; mesothelioma (4 patients)--1 IMP; ovarian cancer (12 patients)--3 PR, 3 IMP; breast cancer (20 patients)--4 IMP; colon cancer (8 patients)--2 IMP; bladder cancer (4 patients)--2 IMP; histiocytic lymphoma (7 patients)--2 PR, 3 IMP; chronic myeloid leukemia (1 patient)--1 IMP.
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PMID:A clinical trial of the oral form of 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D ethylidene glucoside (NSC 141540) VP 16-213. 16 75

Many patients who present with chronic diarrhea are not found to have an important organic disease. Most will have "functional" diarrhea. The history, the physical examination and the initial laboratory tests should lead to a provisional diagnosis, with respect to the organic or functional origin, and the location of disease in the small or the large bowel. Specific tests are then done to define particular organic causes of which malabsorption, inflammatory bowel diseases, carcinoma of the large bowel, parasitic infections, and metabolic disorders are most common. Patients with suspected functional diarrhea should be investigated at least by stool analysis, proctosigmoidoscopy, and barium enema. Functional diarrhea is common and these patients are no less susceptible to severe disease than is the rest of the population.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhea. A practical approach. 34 Aug 15

A case of antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis is presented. Following resection of a carcinoma of the colon, an 81-year old man was treated with clindamycin for 9 days and with epicillin for another 9 days. One week after discontinuation of antibiotics the patient developed progressively severe diarrhea. Death from central pulmonary embolism ensued 10 days after the onset of diarrhea. Autopsy revealed severe pseudomembranous colitis of the entire large intestine. Pseudomembranous colitis is often observed as a complication after the administration of different antibiotics. The Anglo-American literature contains several recent reports of clindamycin-induced pseudomembranous colitis. The etiopathology of this drug-induced disease is still unclear. A possible interpretation is an antibiotic-induced change in the intestinal flora. Recent observations suggest that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for the pseudomembranous colitis.
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PMID:[Pseudomembranous colitis caused by antibiotics]. 56 8

The authors present 3 cases which illustrate the wide spectrum of clinical presentations of gastrocolic fistula. These complications include (a) pain, feculent vomiting, and diarrhea; (b) gastrointestinal hemorrhage; and (c) peritonitis. The gastric ulcer is easily detected by a barium meal study although a barium enema may be necessary to show the fistulous communication. The relationship of this condition to steroids and acetylsalicyclic acid is stressed. Two other cases are included to illustrate the development of such a fistula and show the distinguishing features of a gastrocolic fistula due to carcinoma of the colon.
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PMID:Gastrocolic fistula as a complication of benign gastric ulcer. 125 59

Five studies presented at the 1992 ASCO meeting are analysed. Kligerman's study was designed to determine if pre-treatment with WR-2721 could protect normal tissues from the toxicities induced by radiation therapy (in 100 patients with advanced rectal cancer). This pre-treatment resulted in a 13% reduction of moderate and severe acute toxicity. No WR-2721 patient experienced moderate or severe late toxicities compared to five in the group without pre-treatment. The complete response rate was higher in the WR-2721 group and there was no major WR-2721 related toxicity. Minski studied the acute toxicity (during treatment and two weeks after) of combined pelvic radiation therapy, 5-FU and leucovorin when delivered pre-operatively (16 patients) versus post-operatively (25 patients) in patients with rectal cancer. The toxicity criteria were fatigue, diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel movements, dysuria and erythema. Grade 3+ toxicity was more important in the post-operative therapy group (48% versus 13%). Given this high incidence of grade 3+ toxicity future randomized trials should explore the pre-operative approach. The final report of the inter group study of 5-FU plus levamisole as adjuvant therapy for stage C colon cancer was made by Moertel. With a median follow-up time of 5.5 years, the 5-FU plus levamisole treatment has reduced the recurrence rate by 39%, the cancer related death rate by 32% and the overall death rate by 31%. Most of the recurrences occurred during the first two years. There was a decrease in the liver, great omentum, peritoneum and lung metastases, but there was no modification in loco-regional recurrence rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cancers of the colon and the rectum: news in 1992]. 133 19

Patients with breast carcinoma metastatic to the colon generally present with multiple symptoms, usually pain, vomiting, nausea, and ascites. We describe a patient who presented only with persistent diarrhea, underwent surgery for colon cancer, and, on pathological evaluation of the surgical specimen, was found to have metastatic breast cancer affecting the colon. Metastatic breast cancer should therefore be suspected in patients with a history of breast cancer and diarrhea of unknown cause that is not accompanied by other symptoms. Evaluating such patients by colonoscopy and biopsy would provide important information relevant to choosing between colon surgery and systemic therapy.
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PMID:Metastatic breast carcinoma presenting as persistent diarrhea. 143 49

This phase I study investigated flavone acetic acid (FAA) given as a 12-h intravenous infusion every 3 weeks in the absence of urinary alkalinisation. Cohorts of three patients were treated at doses of 7, 10 and 13 g/m2. One subject had colon cancer; 5, renal cancer; and 3, lung cancer. The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 0 in four patients, 1 in two subjects and 2 in three cases. The maximum tolerated dose was 13 g/m2. The dose-limiting toxicities were WHO grade 3 hypotension and grade 3 diarrhoea. Other toxicities included lethargy and dizziness, nausea, temperature fluctuation, myalgia and dry mouth, but no significant myelosuppression was encountered. One patient receiving 10 g/m2 for renal cancer showed a partial response that lasted for 3 months and included the resolution of pulmonary and cutaneous metastases. The pharmacokinetics showed large interpatient variability. At 12-16 h post-infusion, the plasma elimination profile entered a plateau phase, with frequent increases in concentration suggesting enterohepatic recycling. Neither peak FAA levels nor AUC values were dose-dependent at the doses studied. Peak plasma levels were 101-402 micrograms/ml and AUC (0-48 h) values were 75-470 mg ml-1 min. Plasma protein binding varied with total concentration. Two metabolites were detected in the plasma, and both also underwent apparent enterohepatic recycling. Repeat dosing resulted in decreases of up to 48% in peak levels and AUC values for FAA in three of six patients. Of the total FAA dose, 39%-77% was excreted in the urine as FAA or metabolites within 2 days. The dose recommended for further phase II studies is 10 g/m2.
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PMID:A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of 12-h infusion of flavone acetic acid. 155 Nov 73

Based on recent preclinical data suggesting synergism between 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) and clinical activity of the combination therapy in colon cancer, 14 patients with advanced gastric cancer were treated with combination therapy of 5-FU and recombinant interferon alpha-2b (rIFN alpha-2b) (Intron A, Schering, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S.A.). The maximum tolerated dose was 5-FU 750 mg/m2/day given as a continuous infusion daily for 5 days followed by weekly bolus injection of the same initial daily dose, plus rIFN alpha-2b 5 X 10(6) U given subcutaneously 3 times weekly starting day 1 of 5-FU infusion. The dose-limiting toxicities were fatigue/weakness, diarrhea, and neurologic toxicities such as somnolence and confusion. The other common side effects were nausea, fever, leukocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and the darkening of the skin. Of 13 evaluable patients, 4 had a partial response (duration 6, 14, 24, and 28 weeks). These data suggest that combination therapy of 5-FU plus rIFN alpha-2b is tolerable and has manageable side effects in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Further Phase II study will be needed to define the antitumor activity of this combination.
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PMID:Combination of 5-fluorouracil and recombinant interferon alpha-2B in advanced gastric cancer. A phase I study. 155 2

We conducted a phase I trial of fluorouracil (5-FU), leucovorin, (LCV), and recombinant interferon-alpha-2b (rIFN-alpha-2b). The doses of each of the three agents were escalated sequentially. 5-FU and LCV were administered by IV bolus, weekly for 6 weeks and rIFN-alpha-2b was administered by subcutaneous injection, three times weekly for 6 weeks. Twenty-nine patients with advanced cancer (75% colon or pancreatic cancer) were treated. Partial remissions were observed in three patients (10%) with previously untreated colon cancer, colon cancer refractory to 5-FU plus LCV and previously untreated pancreatic cancer, respectively. An additional three patients with pancreatic, prostate, and rectal cancer had a 50% reduction in tumor markers but no change in objective tumor measurements. The toxicity of this regimen was tolerable. The most common toxicities were diarrhea, fatigue, flu-like symptoms, nausea/vomiting, and mucositis. However, no fatal or life-threatening toxicities were observed. We conclude that the combination of 5-FU, LCV, and rIFN-alpha-2b can be safely administered and recommend further evaluation of this regimen in patients with tumors of gastrointestinal origin using doses of 5-FU 600 mg/m2, LCV 500 mg/m2, and rIFN-alpha-2b 10 x 10(6) U.
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PMID:A phase I trial of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and recombinant interferon alpha-2b in patients with advanced malignancy. 155 45

We conducted a phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in 66 patients with advanced cancer resistant to standard therapy. All patients were evaluable for toxicity and 46 patients were evaluable for antitumor response. Patients evaluable for antitumor response included 23 with malignant melanoma, 10 with renal cell carcinoma, 4 with colon cancer, and 9 with various other solid tumors. All patients received i.v. cyclophosphamide (350 mg/m2) on day 1 followed by rIL-2 via 15 min i.v. infusion on days 4-8 and 11-15. The doses of rIL-2 ranged from 6.0 to 36.0 x 10(6) IU/m2. Each treatment cycle consisted of 21 days and a total of 113 cycles was administered. The number of treatment cycles administered per patient ranged from 1 to 8. The dose-limiting toxicities associated with rIL-2 included altered mental status, arthralgias, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, hypotension, nausea/vomiting, and peripheral edema. Twelve patients (18%) were removed from the study secondary to toxicity. Among the evaluable patients, 2 (4%) (malignant melanoma, renal cell carcinoma) developed a partial remission, 13 (29%) maintained stable disease, and 31 (67%) developed progressive disease. We conclude that the combination of low-dose cyclophosphamide and rIL-2 is tolerable in most patients but our data do not suggest an improved response rate for the combination vs. rIL-2 alone.
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PMID:Phase I study of low-dose cyclophosphamide and recombinant interleukin-2 for the treatment of advanced cancer. 159 14


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