Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A clinical trial of the oral form of VP 16-213 (NSC-141540), a semisynthetic podophyllotoxin, was undertaken. In 20 patients, treatment was started at 200 mg/day p.o. for 5 days; courses were repeated after a rest period of 16 days. Five patients were treated at the same dose, repeated with only 9-day rest periods. Subsequently, 65 patients were given 300-400 mg/day for 5 days, with rest periods of 9 days between courses. The side effects encountered included anorexia, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia, and pruritus. Substernal discomfort with or without palpitations was reported by 18 patients; no explanation for this symptom could be found. No complete remissions (CR) were observed. Parital remissions (PR) and improvement (IMP) were seen as follows: small cell carcinoma, lung (10 patients)--2 PR, 3 IMP; adenocarcinoma, lung (4 patients)--1 PR; alveolar cell carcinoma, lung (1 patient)--1 IMP; mesothelioma (4 patients)--1 IMP; ovarian cancer (12 patients)--3 PR, 3 IMP; breast cancer (20 patients)--4 IMP; colon cancer (8 patients)--2 IMP; bladder cancer (4 patients)--2 IMP; histiocytic lymphoma (7 patients)--2 PR, 3 IMP; chronic myeloid leukemia (1 patient)--1 IMP.
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PMID:A clinical trial of the oral form of 4'-demethyl-epipodophyllotoxin-beta-D ethylidene glucoside (NSC 141540) VP 16-213. 16 75

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex for gastrointestinal cancers, was conducted by the 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group consisting of 16 institutions. 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion. This administration was repeated at 4-week intervals. The cases in which 254-S could be administered at least two times were regarded as complete cases evaluable for tumor response; of 75 cases registered, 53 were complete cases (29 cases with esophageal cancer, 12 with stomach cancer and 12 with colon cancer). As a result, 15 partial responses (PR) were obtained in the 29 patients with esophageal cancer and 1 PR from the 12 patients with stomach cancer, for a 51.7% and 8.3% response rate, respectively. 5 PR (55.6%) were obtained in 9 esophageal cancer patients with prior chemotherapy, including 2 PR in 4 patients previously treated with cisplatin. Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity including thrombocytopenia (59.0%), leukopenia (68.9%) and anemia (57.4%) and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea and vomiting (63.9%) and anorexia (41.0%); since grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed with an incidence of 27.9%, careful monitoring seems to be required during the treatment with this product. Abnormal parameter changes on renal function included elevations of BUN (18.0%) and serum creatinine (9.8%). Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for gastrointestinal cancers. 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group]. 155 98

A woman born in 1924 with colon cancer initially operated on approximately four years ago showed a second recurrence in the lung. Concomitant administration of high dose 5'-DFUR plus MMC was started in February, 1990. Chest X-ray examination six weeks after the start of this therapy revealed a remarkable decrease in size of the pulmonary metastatic focus. At 13 weeks after the start of this therapy, the pulmonary metastatic focus showed nearly complete disappearance. The condition above has been maintained until this writing, eight months after the start of this therapy. No recurrence has been observed in the liver and other organs either, while CEA has normalized from 17.6 ng/ml to 0.9 ng/ml. The therapy was discontinued after five courses based on the moderate loss of appetite and complete disappearance of the lung focus. No other side effect than the loss of appetite was detected, and could be safely treated at an outpatient clinic. The above findings suggested that this was an effective and safe therapy for pulmonary metastasis from colon cancers.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary metastasis from colon cancer responding completely to high-dose 5'-DFUR plus MMC combination chemotherapy]. 183 25

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

Phase II clinical research of UFT E granules (enteric coated) was carried out in 18 institutes (21 clinical dept.) by Study Group of UFT E in Tohoku Area, to investigate its effect and safety on cancer of the digestive organs. Of all the registered 26 cases, 21 cases were available for evaluation (perfect cases: 17 and imperfect cases: 4). Patients were administered UFT E 600 mg/body/day in principle. The response rate of the overall 26 cases was 14.3% and that of perfect 17 cases was 17.6%. PR was seen in 2 cases with far advanced gastric cancer and in 1 case with sigmoid colon cancer metastasized to lung, NC in 8 cases and PD in 6 cases. Side effects more than Grade II were seen in 4 cases (19%), of which 1 case caused diarrhea with leucopenia, 1 case caused diarrhea with anorexia, fever, pigmentation, stomatitis and general tiredness, 1 case caused anorexia and the other 1 case caused paresthesia on both legs with diarrhea and anorexia. Side effects in upper digestive tract were slight, making it possible to continue administration. But 1 case, which caused simultaneously Grade II anorexia, Grade II diarrhea and Grade III paresthesia on both legs, refused administration and dropped out. He recovered from those symptoms 5 days after discontinuance of administration. UFT E is able to administer for a long term because of its slight side effects on the upper digestive tract.
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PMID:[Cooperative research of UFT E phase II study. Cooperative Study Group of UFT E in Tohoku Area]. 224 Nov 82

Anorexia and cachexia are common clinical problems of many patients with advanced cancer. Approximately 20 years ago, a controlled, clinical study demonstrated that dexamethasone could stimulate appetites of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer without causing any apparent effect on patient weight or survival. More recently, two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigated cyproheptadine and megestrol acetate in patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. The first of these studies suggested that cyproheptadine could mildly stimulate appetite without causing any discernible effect on patient weight. Megestrol acetate, on the other hand, can clearly cause an increase in patient-perceived appetite and food intake and can also lead to substantial nonfluid weight gain in a proportion of patients with cancer anorexia/cachexia. Ongoing studies have been designed to better study the appetite-enhancing effects of megestrol acetate. In addition, current studies are evaluating the effect of the drug hydrazine sulfate on the appetite and weight status of patients with advanced lung or colon cancer.
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PMID:Alleviation of cancer anorexia and cachexia: studies of the Mayo Clinic and the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. 225 30

Preclinical data suggest synergy of interleukin-2 (IL-2) combined with alpha-interferon (IFN). In addition, toxicities of IL-2 may be decreased by intermittent continuous infusion. The purpose of this trial was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of recombinant IL-2 combined with alpha-IFN in patients with renal cancer, colon cancer, melanoma, and malignant B-cell disease. IL-2 was given by continuous i.v. infusion at an initial dose of 5 X 10(5) units (U)/m2/d for 4 days plus IFN at 6 X 10(6) U/m2/d intramuscularly days 1 and 4 weekly for 4 weeks. Patients who achieved a response or stable disease received an additional 4 weeks of therapy. IL-2 doses were increased to 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 X 10(6) U/m2/d with three to eight patients at each dose level, at each of the two participating institutions. The dose of IFN was 6 X 10(6) U/m2 days 1 and 4 for all but five patients whose IFN dose was doubled to 12 X 10(6) U/m2/d. Forty-three patients were entered on this study with 34 completing at least 4 weeks of therapy. Six patients were taken off study because of Grades III or IV pulmonary, neurologic, or cardiac toxicity; one for progressive disease; one for CNS metastases, and one for personal reasons. All of the toxicities were reversible. Chills and fever were universal, especially on days 1 and 4. Mild and moderate nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, malaise, and cutaneous erythema were present in most patients. Fluid retention and occasional pleural effusions were observed at the higher IL-2 doses but were not dose-limiting. Significant hypotension associated with oliguria was seen, and these patients were treated with vasopressors and colloids. None of the patients required ICU admission. Thirty-four patients were evaluable for response. There were 4/18 (22%) renal cell patients who experienced a partial response. No responses were seen in patients with melanoma, lymphoma, or colorectal cancer. The combined debilitating symptoms of fatigue, diarrhea, hypotension, fluid retention, and anorexia defined the MTD as 5 X 10(6) U/m2/d of IL-2 and 6 X 10(6) U/m2 of alpha-IFN.
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PMID:A phase I study of recombinant human interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon-2a in patients with renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, and malignant melanoma. 238 96

Twenty-two patients with advanced solid tumors were treated with a quinazoline folate antagonist, trimetrexate, to determine the toxicity spectrum, the maximal tolerated dose, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug. Negligible toxicity was seen with single doses of 10-70 mg/m2 given as a 1-h infusion. Single doses of 120 mg/m2 infused over 1 h caused moderate to grade 4 toxicity in five of nine patients treated. Two patients who had no toxicity at this level were escalated to a dose of 213 mg/m2 with mild to moderate toxicity. The primary dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression. Moderate transaminase elevations, rash, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, and mucositis were occasionally seen. Although there was variation in dose tolerance to this drug, with selected patients able to tolerate higher doses, we consider 120 mg/m2 every 2 weeks to be the maximal tolerated dose, and the recommended Phase II starting dose. Trimetrexate plasma concentration-time curves were best described as biphasic (N = 9) or triphasic (N = 5) in form. The half-life of the terminal elimination-phase was 16.4 h. The mean residence time was 17.8 h. The volume of distribution of the plasma compartment and the volume of distribution at steady-state were 0.17 and 0.62 liter/kg, respectively. Plasma clearance was 53 ml/min. Plasma concentrations as determined by dihydrofolate reductase enzyme inhibition assay and high-performance liquid chromatography were initially identical, but diverged at later times. Divergences were seen also in urinary recovery as determined by the two methods. Both results suggest the appearance of metabolite(s) of trimetrexate which can inhibit dihydrofolate reductase. Measurable objective solid tumor responses were not seen in this Phase I study, although three patients with colon cancer had stable disease lasting 18, 26, and 26 weeks, respectively.
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PMID:Phase I studies with trimetrexate: clinical pharmacology, analytical methodology, and pharmacokinetics. 294 79

Seventeen patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with Adriamycin (UFT-A). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for the Adriamycin, 10 mg/body was give intravenously from day 1-4 and was repeated every two weeks. Partial responses were seen in 7 cases (41%) (5 cases of gastric cancer, 1 case of colon cancer, and 1 case of bile-duct cancer) out of 17 evaluable patients (7 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of biliary tract cancer, and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer). Two patients had minor responses, and in eight patients their disease had stabilized. As for side effects, nausea and vomiting occurred in seven patients (41%), and anorexia was observed in eight patients (47%). Two patients (12%) showed a leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 and none of these seventeen patients had thrombocytopenia, of less than 5 x 10(4)/mm3. Considering these results, UFT-A therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin in advanced gastrointestinal cancer]. 311 75

A phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-Mitomycin C] was carried out in 14 cases of stomach cancer, 5 of lung cancer, 5 of colon cancer and 5 other types of cancer. KW 2083 was intravenously injected at a dose of 40 mg/body weekly in 26 cases. Among 23 evaluable cases, partial response was obtained in 6 cases (26%). The PR cases were 4 of stomach cancer and 2 of lung cancer, the former being all undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Regarding hematologic toxicities, thrombocytopenia was the most principal toxicity and an important weak point of KW 2083. Thrombocytopenia (less than 75,000/mm3) was observed in 13 cases (50%). Recovery took about 4 weeks, but by that time 3 cases had still not recovered to 75,000/mm3. leukocytopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was observed in 17 cases (65%). Concerning gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia occurred in 11 cases (42%), nausea and vomiting in 11 cases (42%), diarrhea in 1 case and stomatitis in 1 case. T1/2 (beta-phase) of KW 2083 was half that of Mitomycin C.
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PMID:[Phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C] in patients with various cancers]. 650 15


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