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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred forty-eight cases of colon carcinoma were subjected to further pathologic study. Survival was correlated with stage and grade of the tumor and with the number of involved lymph nodes. In addition, cases were assessed as to the extent of local chronic inflammatory reaction about the lesion and the degree of sinus histiocytosis in draining lymph nodes. A correlation was possible between grading, staging, extent of lymph node involvement, and survival. A substantial difference in five-year survival was shown when local inflammatory reaction was present and when sinus histiocytosis was observed. The presence of both of these factors further improved survival. An adequate evaluation of these factors, both individually and in combination, should improve our ability to assess prognosis in colon cancer.
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PMID:Prognosis in colon cancer: a pathologic reassessment. 115 57

Recent theories have postulated that low fiber diets are related to colon cancer and diverticulosis, and to atherosclerosis. These theories are based on British and African diet history information. There has been no recent assessment of fiber intake in an area of high incidence of colonic disease in the United States. Using recall diet histories in subjects with no disease and with colon disease, and correcting our data to account for any loss in recall history, we find a low daily fiber intake in all 21 subjects evaluated, mean 3.5 g, range 1.6 to 11 g. There was no statistical difference in intake among patients with or without colon disease. The data agree with the British findings. Since the incidence of the diseases in question is not uniform in the United States it is suggested that diet surveys are needed in areas where colon carcinoma is of low incidence.
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PMID:Low fiber content of Connecticut diets. 124 80

The only practicable method for mass screening for carcinoma of the colon is detection of occult blood in stool. In a coloscopically controlled study with the Haemoccult test, dependent from diet, 54-66% of polyps and 77-100% of carcinomas were detected. The Haemoccult test is therefore a suitable method for mass screening for colon carcinoma.
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PMID:[The hemoccult test in the screening for colonic carcinoma]. 125 22

Sixty-five patients with an initial diagnosis of ulcerative colitis who underwent total proctocolectomy between 1955 and 1973 were studied retrospectively. Rectal mucosa in each patient was examined microscopically for the presence or absence of "precancerous" alterations as described by Morson and Pang. Histologic examination was made with no knowledge of concomitant colon carcinoma or the patients' clinical courses. Three of ten patients with precancerous rectal mucosa had invasive colon carcinoma, while none of the 55 patients without such changes had colon cancer (P less than .05, Fischer exact test). The duration of disease was significantly greater in those patients with rectal precancer (P less than .05). Reexamination changed the pathologic diagnosis in 15 patients from ulcerative colitis to granulomatous or "mixed" colitis. Two of three invasive cancers occurred in the reclassified group. Results support previous contentions that careful histologic evaluation of rectal biopsy specimens from individuals with inflammatory bowel disease may better define that population of patients with an increased risk of colonic carcinoma.
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PMID:Implications of precancerous rectal biopsy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. 125 70

Calpactin I (annexin II) light chain gene messages were expressed in the DiFi and HT-29 human colon cancer cell lines, as well as in the diploid lung fibroblast cell line WI-38. However, expression of an approximately 1.0 kb transcript was stronger in DiFi and HT-29 cells than in WI-38 cells. The moderate to strong expression of such transcripts in DiFi and HT-29 cells indicates that the calcium binding protein, calpactin I, may be abundant in colon carcinoma cells. Calpactin I is the major substrate of pp60v-src, a tyrosine-specific protein kinase encoded by v-src, whose cellular homologue c-src also codes for a tyrosine kinase (pp60c-src), known to be activated in colon carcinomas and in cell lines derived from them (including HT-29). Abundance of calpactin I in such cells is consistent with the possibility that activation of the pp60c-src tyrosine kinase contributes to the origin of human colon cancers.
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PMID:Expression of the gene coding for the light chain of calpactin I (annexin II) in cell lines DiFi, HT-29, and WI-38. 128 33

We examined whether fibroblasts from subcutaneous, colon or lung tissues of nude mice influence the invasive potential of highly metastatic human colon carcinoma KM12SM cells. Primary cultures of nude mouse fibroblasts from skin, lung and colon were established. Invasive and metastatic KM12SM cells were cultured alone or with fibroblasts. Growth and invasive properties of the KM12SM cells were evaluated as well as their production of gelatinase activity. KM12SM cells were able to grow on monolayers of all three fibroblast cultures but did not invade through skin fibroblasts. The conditioned media of KM12SM cells cocultured with skin, colon or lung fibroblasts were examined for the presence of type IV collagenase (gelatinase). KM12SM growing on plastic and on colon or lung fibroblasts produced significant levels of latent and active forms of 64 kDa type IV collagenase, whereas KM12SM cells cocultivated with nude mouse skin fibroblasts did not. In contrast, human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells produced significant levels of collagenase type IV when cocultured with nude mouse skin fibroblasts, a tissue they invaded and completely penetrated. Incubation of KM12SM cells in serum-free medium containing recombinant human interferon-beta (fibroblast interferon) was associated with significant reduction in gelatinase activity. Since the production of type IV collagenase by human colon cancer cells is specifically inhibited by mouse skin fibroblasts but not by colon or lung fibroblasts the data suggest that organ-specific fibroblasts can influence the invasive and metastatic properties of KM12SM cells.
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PMID:Modulation of the invasive phenotype of human colon carcinoma cells by organ specific fibroblasts of nude mice. 128 73

Recent international publications remark the association about carcinoma of the colon and cholelithiasis. These two entities with similar geographical distribution can be seen frequently in the modern western societies, being the cause as aetiological factors the low content in dietetics fiber. Different studies about the carcinoma of the colon and cholelithiasis pathogenesis had lead the possibility that the abnormal degradation of bile acids for the colonic bacterias, could be responsible of each one of these illness. The exposition of colonic mucosa to products of degradation of bile acids, specially secondary bile acids, may play a role in the etiopathogenic of colon carcinoma. It was analysed 135 patients with colon carcinoma or adenomatosis polyps, 42 with cholelithiasis or cholecystectomized for the same cause (31.1%), although in the control group, only 2(5%) had cholelithiasis. The female predominated the group of colon carcinoma and cholelithiasis, as well as cholecystectomized for that cause. The most frequent associated pathology was the diverticulosis.
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PMID:[Incidence of cholelithiasis in patients with cancer of the colon and adenomatous polyp]. 129 84

Adenomatous polyps are an intermediate in the pathway to colon carcinoma. An inherited disorder, familial adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), is characterized by hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps. A previously reported family had colon cancer associated with a low average but highly heterogenous number of colonic polyps, this phenotype mapped to the APC locus on 5q. Four new families have been ascertained in which the phenotypic pattern was different from classical polyposis but similar to that of the "prototype" kindred reported earlier. By multilocus linkage analysis, the gene responsible for the disease phenotype was mapped, with a high level of confidence, to the APC locus in two of the four families with the attenuated or variant form of polyposis (AAPC); the results for the two remaining kindreds were inconclusive. A combined maximum LOD score of approximately 7.6 at a recombination fraction of 0 was obtained when the results were summed over the four pedigrees with markers closest to the APC locus. The establishment of genetic linkage in such families may point to the APC locus as having a more significant role in inherited predispositions to colorectal cancer than was previously thought.
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PMID:Linkage of a variant or attenuated form of adenomatous polyposis coli to the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) locus. 131 15

The presence in tumors of numerous cytokines suggests that they potentially modulate tumor cell activities and host tissue remodelling. To investigate the possible involvement of transforming growth factor type beta (TGF beta) in the metastatic process of cancer development, we have studied the effect of this factor on two rat colon carcinoma cell lines. These cell clones had been previously tested and selected for their ability to develop metastases in syngenic animals or lack of it. The two cell lines were characterized for their production of TGF beta. Production of active and latent forms of TGF beta 1 in the medium conditioned by the rat colon cancer cells were quantified using a bioassay. The presence of active TGF beta 1 was demonstrated in conditioned medium from the progressive tumor (PROb) cells and significant expression of latent forms of TGF beta 1 were found in the conditioned media from both cell clones. TGF beta 1 slightly inhibited proliferation of PROb cells which had been previously described as moderately differentiated, and significantly stimulated proliferation of the regressive (REGb) cells, described as poorly differentiated. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that this endogenous factor could be involved in autocrine regulation of tumor cell activities and in paracrine regulation of stroma cell and immune responses. Active and/or latent expression of TGF beta 1 by the two rat colon carcinoma cell lines, and their variable responses to the growth factor, strongly suggest that this polypeptide is involved in the regulation of tumorigenic expression of adenocarcinoma cells.
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PMID:Possible involvement of TGF beta 1 in the distinct tumorigenic properties of two rat colon carcinoma clones. 133 1

The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model of rectal cancer. Three murine-derived cell lines, B16 melanoma, CT26 and MCA38 colon carcinoma, as well as the human colon cancer cell line LS174T were injected into the submucosa of the mouse rectum. Subcutaneous CT26 anbd B16 tumours and intra-caecal CT26 tumours served as controls for tumourigenicity of the cell lines. B16 melanoma produced a locally aggressive rectal tumour as well as skin and para-aortic lymph node metastases. CT26 produced local tumour when injected intra-rectally and colon tumours and liver metastases when injected into the caecum. MCA38 and LS174T intra-rectal injections resulted in large rectal carcinomas without metastases. We believe that growth of a colon cancer cell line in the rectum approximates the human disease more closely than other models of colorectal cancer. We would expect that the model could similarly be utilized to assess the effects of novel adjuvant treatments for rectal cancer as well as in the study of the tumour biology of rectal cancer.
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PMID:Intra-rectal injection of tumour cells: a novel animal model of rectal cancer. 134 Dec 58


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