Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The expression of the erbB-2 gene product was studied immunohistochemically on 38 normal colonic mucosae, 14 adenomas and 44 colon cancers, with the use of two anti-erbB-2 antibodies, a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for the intracellular domain and a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for the extracellular domain. Normal mucosae and adenomas were not stained. Five cases (11%) of colon cancer were positive with the polyclonal anti-erbB-2 antibody, while only one case was positive with the monoclonal antibody. Most of the positive cases were in Dukes C stage. The rare overexpression of the erbB-2 protein in colon cancer seems to indicate a minor role for the gene in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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PMID:erbB-2 gene expression in colorectal cancer. 198 87

Fecal occult blood testing for the detection of colon cancer remains controversial. We performed a mass screening program from January 24, 1988, to February 19, 1988, with intensive media promotion, including 121 minutes of televised air time. A total of 5,000 primary practitioners were notified by mail. Hemoccult-II tests were distributed to 156,000 individuals; 55,051 (35%) were returned. Ninety-five percent of the respondents were informed of the program by television. A total of 3,375 persons (6%) tested positive for fecal occult blood; of these, 2,469 (73%) informed the center that they saw their physician to initiate a work-up. Information from physicians regarding work-ups was returned on only 1,356 (55%) patients. Diagnostic tests numbered 2,227 (1.6 tests per patient). However, 5% had no testing, 16% had a repeat Hemoccult only, and 35% had neither a barium enema nor colonoscopy performed. Thirty-six colorectal cancers and 212 polyps were identified. The predictive value (i.e., number of cancers per number of patients who tested positive) increased directly by decade. Thirty-three of 36 patients (92%) with cancer underwent either a barium enema or colonoscopy versus only 185 of 438 (42%) patients with a "negative" work-up. Cancers found were carcinoma in situ in 10 patients (29%), Dukes A in 12 (35%), Dukes B in 4 (12%), and Dukes C in 8 (24%); distant metastases were not found in any participant. Thirty-six percent of the tumors were located in either the right or transverse colon. We conclude that: (1) Screening identified early cancers. All were potentially curable and 64% were limited to the bowel wall. (2) Massive Hemoccult distribution was possible over a short interval, but patient and physician compliance was disturbingly low. (3) Total colonic evaluation is mandatory, since at least 36% of tumors were beyond the reach of the flexible sigmoidoscope. (4) Many work-ups were unnecessary (repeat Hemoccults) or inadequate, indicating a need for physician education.
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PMID:A critical analysis of the largest reported mass fecal occult blood screening program in the United States. 198 42

The chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, assay methodologies, adverse effects, and dosage of levamisole are described, and the clinical studies of levamisole therapy in patients with colorectal carcinoma are reviewed. Levamisole is a synthetic, orally active agent that has antihelmintic and immunomodulatory properties. It is capable of inducing T-cell differentiation and restoring depressed effector functions of peripheral lymphocytes and phagocytes to normal. The drug is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration and is extensively metabolized by the liver. Gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography are the most common methods used to measure concentrations of levamisole in biologic fluids. Levamisole combined with fluorouracil has been associated with a one-third reduction in recurrence and risk of death in patients with surgically resected Dukes stage C colon cancer; this combination is now recommended as standard therapy in these patients. Uses in patients with rectal carcinoma, Dukes stage B colon cancer, metastatic colon cancer, other malignancies, or nonmalignant disorders remain investigational. Common adverse effects include nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, metallic or altered taste, flulike symptoms, mood elevation, insomnia, hyperalertness, dizziness, and headache. The most serious adverse effect associated with levamisole is granulocytopenia. The FDA-approved dosage of levamisole is 50 mg orally every eight hours for three days every two weeks. Levamisole therapy is to be initiated no earlier than 7 and no later than 30 days after surgery and is to be continued for one year. Levamisole combined with fluorouracil has been associated with a one-third reduction in recurrence and risk of death in patients with resected stage C colon cancer. Further research is needed to more clearly define the mechanism of action, optimum dose and scheduling, and clinical efficacy of levamisole in treating other malignancies.
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PMID:Levamisole in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. 200 37

Changes in the expression of Lewis antigens have been associated with cancer diseases, and recent results have pointed at a possible increased risk of cancer development among Lewis negative patients. The frequency of the erythrocyte Lewis phenotypes Le(a- b+), Le(a+ b-) and Le(a- b-) was analysed in patients suffering from urinary bladder cancer (82), colon cancer (21), and benign urological diseases (45). An increased frequency of Lewis negative individuals was found among colon cancer patients (P less than 0.004) and bladder cancer patients (P = 0.05). The Lewis negative phenotype was shown to be associated with unfavourable disease parameters: invasion (P less than 0.02) and high grade of atypia (P less than 0.01) in bladder cancer patients, and high Dukes stage (P less than 0.05) in colon cancer patients. alpha 1-4fucosyltransferase activity (Lewis transferase) was shown to be present in saliva from four out of eight erythrocyte Lewis negative cancer patients, indicating that some patients with advanced cancer disease may have converted from a Lewis positive to a Lewis negative phenotype.
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PMID:Frequency and mechanism of Lewis antigen expression in human urinary bladder and colon carcinoma patients. 202 43

The prognosis of colon cancer, after curative resection, is mainly related to the outcome of metastases, and especially of liver metastases. It is generally accepted that adjuvant medical therapy is important in order to prevent the incidence of metastatic recurrences. The aim of the present review is to analyse the conclusions of the main recent randomized trials assessing the comparative value of different adjuvant protocols. The results obtained using either systemic infusion, the classical one, or intraportal infusion, which is mainly designed to prevent liver metastases, are reported. On the basis of the review, we can conclude that: adjuvant chemotherapy using combined drugs (MF, MOF) did not prove to be more active than 5-FU alone. The beneficial action of a combined 5-FU + levamisole regimen has been clearly demonstrated for patients with a Dukes C tumour. According to a unique and limited trial, intraportal adjuvant therapy has been shown to be effective for patients with Dukes B tumours, but this remains to be confirmed. On the basis of the present data, new adjuvant programs using combined chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic coupounds, and combined systemic and loco-regional infusion, could be developed.
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PMID:[Prevention of hepatic metastases in radically operated colonic cancers]. 206 93

Cell surface receptors for laminin may play an important role in tumor migration and metastasis. To evaluate laminin receptor/laminin-binding protein expression in human colon carcinoma, surgical specimens of primary colon cancers and liver metastases were examined by blot hybridization of total RNA with a complementary DNA clone which encodes a Mr 32,000 human laminin-binding protein. The mRNA level of the laminin-binding protein was higher in primary colon carcinoma than in adjacent normal colonic epithelium in 20 of 21 cases. In all 6 cases of colon cancer liver metastases, the laminin-binding protein mRNA level was more than 3-fold greater in tumor than in adjacent normal liver tissue. The tumor/normal ratio of this laminin-binding protein mRNA expression in primary colon cancer has significant correlation with Dukes' classification (P less than 0.001). Our results suggest that mRNA expression of the laminin-binding protein may be a marker of human colorectal cancer progression and biological aggressiveness.
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PMID:Expression of a Mr 32,000 laminin-binding protein messenger RNA in human colon carcinoma correlates with disease progression. 214 Dec 94

Between March 1984 and July 1988, 1,158 patients with Dukes' A, B, and C carcinoma of the colon were entered into National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol C-02. Patients were randomized to either no further treatment following curative resection or to postoperative fluorouracil (5-FU) and heparin administered via the portal vein. Therapy began on day of operation and consisted of constant infusion for 7 successive day. Average time on study was 41.8 months. A comparison between the two groups of patients indicated both an improvement in disease-free survival (74% v 64% at 4 years, overall P = .02) and a survival advantage (81% v 73% at 4 years, overall P = .07) in favor of the chemotherapy-treated group. When compared with the treated group, patients who received no further treatment had 1.26 times the risk of developing a treatment failure and 1.25 times the likelihood of dying after 4 years. Particularly significant was the failure to demonstrate an advantage from 5-FU in decreasing the incidence of hepatic metastases. The liver was the first site of treatment failure in 32.9% of 82 patients with documented recurrences in the control group and in 46.3% of 67 patients who received additional treatment. Therapy is administered via a regional route to affect the incidence of recurrence within the perfused anatomic boundary. Since, in this study, adjuvant portal-vein 5-FU infusion failed to reduce the incidence of hepatic metastases, it may be concluded that its use thus far is not justified. It may also be speculated that the disease-free survival and survival advantages (the latter of borderline significance) are a result of the systemic effects of 5-FU.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy of Dukes' A, B, and C adenocarcinoma of the colon with portal-vein fluorouracil hepatic infusion: preliminary results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol C-02. 239 56

Colon cancers typically produce mucin. However, it is not known whether tumor mucin plays a biological role in cancer cell behavior. To address this issue, the expression of a mucin-associated antigen, sialosyl-Tn, was examined by immunohistochemical study in 128 primary colorectal carcinoma specimens from 137 patients who underwent curative surgical resection. Antigen expression was correlated with disease-free and overall 5-year survival. Sialosyl-Tn antigen expression occurred in 112 (87.5%) tumors, and was independent of age, gender, tumor location, Dukes' stage, depth of invasion, degree of differentiation, and ploidy status. Survival at 5 years for patients with sialosyl-Tn-negative versus sialosyl-Tn-positive tumors was 100% versus 73% (P less than 0.05) and disease-free survival was 94% versus 73%, respectively (P = 0.12). Although more advanced Dukes' stage, deeper invasion, and aneuploidy were all associated with poorer overall 5-year survival, antigen-negative tumors within each of these groups had much better prognoses than antigen-positive tumors. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that tumor ploidy (P less than 0.001) and sialosyl-Tn expression (P less than 0.05) were the two variables of most importance for predicting both disease-free and overall survival. The authors conclude that sialosyl-Tn expression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in colon cancer, and therefore suggest that qualitative mucin alterations may reflect important differences in the biological behavior of these neoplasms.
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PMID:Sialosyl-Tn. A novel mucin antigen associated with prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. 222 93

Five-year survival data were obtained in 97 percent or 1105 of 1140 new patients with histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma during a 12-month period in 1981 and 1982, as part of a large comprehensive population-based study of colorectal cancer incidence, etiology, and survival, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Fifteen percent of patients were Dukes' A stage, 32 percent were Dukes' B, 25 percent were Dukes' C, and 29 percent were Dukes' D. At five years after diagnosis, the observed survival rate was 36 percent and the adjusted rate was 42 percent. Dukes' staging was a highly discriminating factor in survival (P less than 0.001). Survival rates were better in women than in men and better for patients with colon cancer than for patients with rectal cancer. Survival by Dukes' staging was not affected by colon subsite or by the tumor being the first and single tumor, metachronous tumor, or synchronous tumor. The survival of younger patients was better for Dukes' stages A, B, and C, and worse for Dukes' D. Survival was worse in the presence of bowel perforation in Dukes' C and D stages. Within Dukes' D (incurable cases), survival was best in the absence of hepatic metastases, slightly worse when only hepatic metastases were present, and poorest in the presence of both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases. Statistical modeling of survival determinants other than staging indicated that cell differentiation had the largest effect (survival decreasing with poor cell differentiation), followed by site (survival worse for rectal cancer than colon cancer), then age (survival better for younger patients), while bowel perforation had the smallest effect on survival.
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PMID:Survival in patients with large-bowel cancer. A population-based investigation from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. 222 81

In a retrospective study including 946 cases with colorectal cancer we analysed age, sex, distribution and stage. There was a significant higher prevalence in women and in all tumor stages women were older than men. The frequencies of Dukes C and proximal colon cancer was significantly higher in women. In older patients we found an increasing incidence of proximal cancer. Instead of tumor stage the age, sex and distribution showed no influence on the outcome.
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PMID:[The effect of age and sex on localization, tumor stage and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma]. 223 89


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