Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

Scans of the liver and spleen were reviewed for patients with carcinoma of the large intestine. The patients were divided into groups, depending upon the size of the liver and spleen. Those with enlarged spleens tended to have an increased survival time compared with those without splenomegaly. It is postulated that splenomegaly is a good predictor of survival when used with the Dukes' classification and that the increased size of the spleen is on an immunologic basis.
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PMID:Splenomegaly with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 41 45

The experience from the University of Minnesota with routine reoperations in cancers classified as Dukes' C suggests only a small minority of patients found to have asymptomatic recurrences will benefit from an additional operation. Also, morbidity and mortality will be significant. The presence of a rising carcinoembryonic antigen level following a potentially curative operation has been suggested as a more selective indicator for reoperation. Unfortunately, carcinoembryonic antigen levels are a far more sensitive indicator of hepatic metastases, the group usually not helped by operation. Patients with local-regional recurrent carcinoma of the colon and rectum--the group most likely to benefit from reoperation--often have normal carcinoembryonic antigen levels. The importance of patient selectivity for reoperation and the usefulness of the Astler-Coller staging system to define risk factors are stressed.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen levels as an indicator for reoperation in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 45 23

Established cancer in the liver can, in selected patients who have a good arterial circulation in these tumors, be effectively treated by intrahepatic artery radioactive yttrium-90 resin microspheres. Even in unselected patients treated in the last five years by the author, 17 of 25 patients treated have had good objective regression of cancers, improvement of symptoms and prolongation of life. Treatment is relatively simple and associated with few side effects. For adjuvant therapy of colon cancer having positive nodes (Dukes C), internal radiation therapy of the liver is best done with Phosphorus-32 Colloid passed through the circulation of the gut to be effectively and homogeneously trapped by the Kupffer cells of the liver. Four such patients have been subjected to a pilot study--three of the four are doing well without significant side effects and no evidence of liver cancer after two years. When the fourth died of brain metastases, he too had less liver cancer than would be expected.
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PMID:Internal radiation therapy of hepatic cancer. 49 90

In regard to other intestinal malignomas colon cancer shows the chance of a long survival time. In cases of stage Dukes A and B the patient has a 5 year survival time of 100 to 82% depending on his age. In carcinoma of the rectum preoperative biopsy is necessary. In cases with grade III we prefer the exstirpation. The Erlangen magnetic closure of the colostomy gives continence in 70%.
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PMID:[Survival time and life quality after operative treatment of colonic cancer (author's transl)]. 60 98

Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with carcinoma of the colon and 16 patients with benign lesions of the colon and rectum underwent skin tests with 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene and a battery of intradermal antigens. The incidence of 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene reactors decreased with the increasing stage of the disease. Seventy-six per cent of the patients with Dukes' A cancer were 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive compared with 56 per cent of those with Dukes' B cancer and 61 per cent of those with Dukes' C lesions. Of the patients with advanced primary operable cancer, those who have metastases beyond the intestine and its mesentery, only 46 per cent were 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive. Only 42 per cent of the patients with inoperable advanced or recurrent disease reacted to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. Neither age nor sex was a determinate factor in the capacity of the patient to respond to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. Tumor burden appeared to correlate best with the ability of the patient to respond to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. In patients with Dukes' A or B lesions, the clinical follow-up period was too short to gauge prognostic significance of skin tests. In patients with Dukes' C lesions who were observed at 12 months, six of 11 in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene negative group had a recurrence or died of disease compared with only four of 17 in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group, p less than 0.10. In 38 patients with advanced primary operable cancer who were observed for nine months, 40 per cared iwth 28 per cent of 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group. A similar relationship was observed in a group of patients with advanced or recurrent disease who were observed for nine months in which 58 per cent of the patients in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene negative group were dead of disease compared with 40 per cent of those in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group. Skin testing with 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene and selected intradermal antigens adds prognostic information to that predicted from the clinicopathologic stage of the disease in instances of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In general, patients with reactive skin tests have more favorable recurrence and survival rates with each stage of the disease.
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PMID:Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 85 Aug 50

Active specific immunotherapy, harnessing the strength and specificity of the host immune response to destroy neoplastic cells, may offer an ideal surgical adjuvant treatment modality for human colon cancer. Unfortunately, achievement of this goal has been obscured by 1) the effect of excess residual disease to interfere with the host's destructive response, 2) the weak nature of tumor resistance, 3) the potential adverse effect of concomitant treatments such as chemotherapy, and 4) the present limitation of poorly defined immunogens to induce, as well as insensitive assay systems to detect, host sensitizaion. Recent immunologic and chemical research revealing distinctive surface membrane structures on colon cancer cells suggests that a controlled trial of irradiated, autochtonous cell vaccines (without mycobacterial adjuvants) may provide a new therapeutic tool for Dukes B2 and C stages of human colon cancer.
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PMID:Active specific immunotherapy potential for the treatment of large bowel cancer. 92 11

A technique of passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI) has been used to monitor levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human sera following surgical therapy. CEA was coupled to human type O-negative erythrocytes in the presence of bis-diazotized benzidine. Pre-operative and post-operative sera from 11 patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and from one patient with ulcerative colitis were then tested for their capacity to inhibit the agglutination of the sensitized cells in the presence of a predetermined amount of goat anti-CEA serum. Positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8. The pre-operative sera from 11 of the 12 patients inhibited agglutination at dilutions of 1:16 or greater. The one negative serum was from a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the colon in the stage of Dukes' C. At one month post-resection, the PHI titer of six patients with colon cancer and of the patient with ulcerative colitis was less than or equal to 1:8. However, by 4 months post-resection, all but 3 of the patients had PHI titers in the positive range. These elevated titers were accompanied by recurrence of tumor growth and/or metastatic dissemination. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate CEA in 22 of the sera which had been tested by PHI. When positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8 and contained CEA in excess of 5 ng per ml, the results of the two procedures were in agreement for 17 of the 22 specimens. Five sera, representative of 2 patients with colon cancer, were false negative by PHI.
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PMID:Use of a passive hemagglutination inhibition test for monitoring levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen following surgical therapy. 94 51

Fifty-eight patients with Dukes' C classification of carcinoma of the large bowel were placed on adjuvant immuno- or chemoimmunotherapy with Bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) or combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus BCG following primary and definitive surgery, and were followed for up to 21 months. Of twenty-six patients receiving BCG alone by scarification, five have relapsed with 75% of freedom from disease estimated at 15.1 months compared with 10.1 months in a group of carefully selected historical controls who had surgery alone (p = 0.12). The survival of all patients receiving BCG alone has not reached the 75 percentile yet, and the difference from controls is currently estimated at the 18% level. The combination of 5-FU plus BCG (studied in 32 patients) may be superior to BCG alone at this time, in that it appears to more effectively protect against tumor recurrence (75 percentile not yet reached compared to control, (p = 0.08). The survival of patients on 5-FU plus BCG also appears to be improved (p = 0.09). No patients have expired compared to a 75 percentile survival of 16.6 months in the control. Serial determination of plasma CEA was crucial in the clinical follow-up of these patients. Frequent CEA detetminations have led to early detection of clinical relapse. In the elevation of CEA suggests tumor recurrence with a high degree of probability in patients with past history of cancer of the large bowel.
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PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in colorectal cancer of the Dukes' C classification. Preliminary clinical results. 121 60

Surgery is the only curative therapeutic approach for gastrointestinal tumors. If the tumor is deeply infiltrating through serosa or invading regional lymph nodes, the 5-year patient's survival is about 60% and < 40%, respectively. The natural history and prognosis of neoplasms from colon, rectum and stomach are different. Despite the unsatisfactory results obtained with radical treatment of advanced disease, there are positive studies on adjuvant treatment of colon and rectal cancer, whereas the role of such an approach is still controversial for gastric cancer. The combination of fluorouracil containing chemotherapy with radiotherapy was suggested as the most effective adjuvant treatment for patients with Dukes' B and C rectal cancer. However, the choice of chemotherapeutic regimen is still debated. A recent report, from the North Central Cancer Tumor Group, stated survival and disease-free survival advantages for patients with Dukes' C colon cancer treated with FU + levamisole for 1 year after radical surgery. Since this regimen was not proven effective in advanced disease, ongoing adjuvant trials are comparing it with the combination of FU + biochemical modulator. The role of adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer is debated. The recent development of regimens active on advanced disease result in more promising future adjuvant trials.
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PMID:Adjuvant chemotherapy for cancer of gastrointestinal tract: a critical review. 146 76


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