Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The postoperative survival rate after radical surgery for large intestinal cancer shown to be differentiated adenocarcinoma is relatively good. However, the effect of surgical adjuvant therapy on this cancer is considered to be the least promising. 5-FU, FT-207, MMC, ADR and VCR are used for chemotherapy and OK-432, PSK, BCG, levamisole and lentinan are also used as forms of immune therapy. There are no significant differences in the statistics used for comparison with controls as to the effects of these adjuvant therapies. A more intensive regional therapy has therefore been adopted for local recurrence of rectal cancer and liver metastasis of colon cancer considering the form of postoperative cancer recurrence. MMC was injected into the superior rectal artery for rectal cancer and into the portal vein during surgery for colon cancer in the 1st program of research of the Kajitani group. However, the efficacy of these procedures was not proved. Although immune therapy with OK-432 has also been subsequently added in the second research program, no efficacy was apparent. Taylor and Birmingham have reported that liver metastasis was remarkably decreased by continuous infusion of 5-FU through the portal vein. There is also a report by GITSG in the USA that a reduction of local recurrence was obtained by combination of 5-FU and Me-CCNU with irradiation treatment after surgery for rectal cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Surgery and adjuvant therapy of cancer of the large intestine]. 308 76

For a period of about three years from September 1980, a randomized controlled study was performed on colo-rectal cancer patients who had undergone an absolute curative operation. After operation and administration of 30 mg of Mitomycin (20 mg on the day and 10 mg on the day following the operation), all patients were randomly divided into two groups which received the treatments as follows; Group A, 750 mg x 2/day of FT-207 suppositories, was administered for one year from the 2 nd week after operation; Group B was given FT-207 3.0 g/day of PSK orally for one year. Group A included 71 patients, of whom 46 had colon cancer and 25 had rectal cancer. Group B included 53 patients, of whom 30 patients had colon cancer and 23 had rectal cancer. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of patients' background factors. In regard to the 5-year survival rates of these patients by means of the Kaplan-Meier Method, Group A and B showed 80.8% and 91.4%, respectively, but no significant difference was observed. In the colon cancer patients, 5-year survival rates were 88.6% and 93.0% in Group A and B, and in the rectal cancer patients, they were 68.0% and 87.5% in Group A and B, respectively. The survival rate of Group B was always slightly higher than that of Group B in all analyses, in which we considered such factors as degree of progression, depth of cancer invasion of the wall, lymphnode metastases and vascular invasion. There were no differences between both groups in the patterns and times of recognition of the recurrences, but the number of cases evidencing recurrences within 2 years tended to be smaller in Group B. Thus, it was suggested that PSK was effective for prolongation of the survival period in colo-rectal cancer patients after absolute curative operation.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical effect of postoperative adjuvant immunochemotherapy with the FT-207 suppository and PSK in colorectal cancer patients. Colorectal Cancer Chemotherapy Group in Hokuriku]. 313 95

A 31-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with Gardner's syndrome and sigmoid colon cancer. Palliative resection (sigmoid colectomy) was performed due to hepatic and lymph node metastasis. Systemic chemotherapy with MMC, 5-FU and PSK was started postoperatively. Barium enema study on the 23rd successive post-operative day and fiberscopic study on the 134th post-operative day showed regression of the size and number of the polyps in the remaining colon and rectum. We suggest that the administration of anticancer drugs may be useful in the treatment of familial polyposis or Gardner's syndrome which have been treated with only surgical therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Regression of adenomas in Gardner's syndrome induced by systemic chemotherapy]. 643 Nov 46

PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes, is a biological response modifier, diverse operations of which include an antitumor action. We have previously reviewed recent research which had demonstrated that in animals, PSK has a preventive effect on chemical carcinogen-induced, radiation-induced, and spontaneously developed carcinogenesis (Kobayashi et al., Cancer Epidemiol., Biomarkers & Prev., 2: 271-276, 1993). We now focus on the effects of PSK once the progression of carcinogenesis has begun, and review what is now known of the preventive action of PSK on cancer metastasis. Recent research reports that PSK suppresses pulmonary metastasis of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas, human prostate cancer DU145M, and lymphatic metastasis of mouse leukemia P388, and that it has prolonged the survival period in spontaneous metastasis models. PSK also suppresses the metastasis of rat hepatoma AH60C, mouse colon cancer colon 26, and mouse leukemia RL male 1 in artificial metastasis models. PSK influences the steps of cancer metastasis in a number of ways: (a) by suppression of intravasation through the inhibition of tumor invasion, adhesion and production of cell matrix-degrading enzymes; (b) by suppression of tumor cell attachment to endothelial cells through the inhibition of tumor cell-induced platelet aggregation; (c) by suppression of tumor cell migration after extravasation through the inhibition of tumor cell motility; and (d) by suppression of tumor growth after extravasation through the inhibition of angiogenesis, the modulation of cytokine production, and the augmentation of effector cell functions. In addition, PSK has suppressed the malignant progression of mouse tumor cells through superoxide trapping.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Antimetastatic effects of PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained from basidiomycetes: an overview. 760 3

The antitumor effects of a monoclonal antibody against a human cancer cell line and a protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, obtained from cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes were examined. The IgG2a monoclonal antibody against the human colon cancer cell line colo 205 induced in vitro antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against the cancer cells, but only slightly suppressed the in vivo growth of the cancer cells. Concurrent use of PSK with the antibody enhanced the in vitro antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity as well as the in vivo antitumor activity. These findings suggest that the combined use of a monoclonal antibody and PSK, which have different modes of action, may be useful in the treatment of cancer.
 ...
PMID:Enhancement of the antitumor effect by the concurrent use of a monoclonal antibody and the protein-bound polysaccharide PSK in mice bearing a human cancer cell line. 791 29

The antitumor effect of PSK was analysed with the "double grafted tumor system" in which BALB/c mice received simultaneous intradermal inoculations of Meth-A in the right (10(6) cells) and left (2 x 10(5) cells) flanks and were then injected with PSK in the right tumor on day 3. PSK inhibited the growth of not only the right but also the left, non-treated tumor. Immunized spleen cells were taken from mice which had been cured by intratumoral administration of 5 mg of PSK. On day 3, one hour after intravenous injection of cyclophosphamide, immunized spleen cells (2 x 10(7) cells/mouse) were injected into the Meth-A tumor. Adoptive transfer of PSK immunized spleen cells caused the complete regression of Meth-A tumors. However, the intravenous administration of spleen cells showed no antitumor effect. Expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes was stimulated with immobilized anti CD3 antibody plus IL-2 for use in adoptive immunotherapy. gamma delta T cells proliferated in response to immobilized anti CD3. About 5 x 10(9) BRM-activated killer (BAK) cells were treated in cancer patients who gave their informed consent. One patient with colon cancer and metastatic cancer of the liver was treated with BAK cells by transcatheter arterial infusion without side effect. During the course of BAK treatment, serum IAP CIAE (crossed immunoaffino electrophoresis) pattern of patient changed tumor IAP pattern to normal IAP pattern. Two patients with malignant tumor in maxillary sinus were treated with BAK cells and OK-432 intratumorally. BAK treatment induced more infiltration of T cells, M phi and granulocytes in the tumor than OK-432 treatment alone and showed an antitumor effect with extensive necrosis.
 ...
PMID:[Regional adoptive immunotherapy using activated lymphocytes]. 885 2

We investigated the action of a protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). (1) In in vitro-mixed culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy human and mitomycin C-treated human colon cancer cells, PSK or polyclonal antibody to TGF-beta significantly enhanced incorporation of 3H-thymidine into PBMC, and apparently decreased TGF-beta1 levels of acid-treated culture supernatant. (2) PSK or the antibody interfered with the quantitation by enzyme immunoassay of TGF-beta1 in acid-treated supernatant of the mixed culture. (3) PSK was suggested to form a complex with 125I-human recombinant TGF-beta1 standard, when changes in molecular weight of radioactivities were assessed by gel filtration. Recombinant human TGF-beta1 inhibited growth of mink lung epithelial cell line Mv1Lu and promoted collagen synthesis in rat kidney fibroblast cell line NRK49F, but the complex did not have such activities. (4) In addition to TGF-beta1, PSK bound with TGF-beta2 and platelet-derived growth factor; however, PSK did not bind with 22 other species of cytokines and growth factors. (5) Protein moiety of PSK is suggested to play an important role in the expression of the activity. These results suggest that PSK modulates the biological activity of TGF-beta1 by binding to its active form.
 ...
PMID:Direct action of a protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, on transforming growth factor-beta. 985 65

Melanoidin, which belongs to the melanin group of molecules, was extracted from the polysaccharide biological response modifier PSK. Melanoidin was cultured together with HCT-15 cells derived from human colon cancer and with AGS cells derived from human gastric carcinoma. After four days of culture, cell count was compared with that of the control cells. Significant suppression was observed, that is, 50% suppression was shown at concentrations of melanoidin between 200 and 100 micrograms/ml. A histogram generated by flow cytometry showed elevation of the tetraploid peak and of that between diploid and tetraploid peaks, suggesting blockage of S phase and G2 to M phase of the cell cycle. Thus, melanoidins contained in the immunomodulator PSK revealed to have a direct tumor cell growth inhibitory effect.
 ...
PMID:Direct tumor growth suppressive effect of melanoidin extracted from immunomodulator-PSK. 1085 84

A 20 year-old man was hospitalized with an abdominal mass and abdominal distension. Investigations resulted in a diagnosis of ileus caused by advanced colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination to the pouch of Douglas. Palliative surgery was performed to relieve bowel obstruction and debulk the tumor. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor was a mucinous adenocarcinoma invading the serosa without lymph node metastasis. Ascites collected during the operation was diagnosed as class V. Administration of PSK (3.0 g/day) and UFT (600 mg/day) as adjuvant immunochemotherapy was started postoperatively to achieve tumor dormancy. He has been followed as an outpatient for 2.5 years with no ascites or abdominal symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Long-term survival after immunochemotherapy for juvenile colon cancer with peritoneal dissemination: a case report. 1103 41

Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells that induce specific anti-tumor immunity. To obtain potent efficacy of immunotherapy using infusion of activated DC, it is necessary to overcome defective function of DC in tumor-bearing patients. We examined whether the treatment with PSK, a biological response modifier derived from Basidiomycetes, could allow DC to avoid inhibition of functional maturation by tumor-derived factors in vitro. CD14+ monocyte-derived DC were generated by stimulating with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin (IL)-4 in the presence or absence of PSK (100 microg/ml), by exposure to a tumor culture supernatant (TSN) of MKN-45P human gastric cancer cells. TSN-exposed DC were not effective in inducing cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated growth inhibition of target HT29 human colon cancer cells. In contrast, the presence of PSK significantly resuscitated the defective cytotoxicity. This beneficial outcome was accompanied by an increase in phagocytic activity as measured by fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated dextran, expression of CD83 (maturation-specific phenotype), overexpression of a CD86 co-stimulatory molecule, preserved production of IL-12 that plays a key role in the induction of Th1-type immune regulations, and protection against TSN-induced apoptosis of DC. These results demonstrated that PSK overcomes defective maturation of DC exposed to tumor-derived factors in vitro, and suggest the efficacy of PSK in DC-based immunotherapy in cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:PSK, a protein-bound polysaccharide, overcomes defective maturation of dendritic cells exposed to tumor-derived factors in vitro. 1201 98


1 2 Next >>