Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of antibiotic-induced pseudomembranous colitis is presented. Following resection of a carcinoma of the colon, an 81-year old man was treated with clindamycin for 9 days and with epicillin for another 9 days. One week after discontinuation of antibiotics the patient developed progressively severe diarrhea. Death from central pulmonary embolism ensued 10 days after the onset of diarrhea. Autopsy revealed severe pseudomembranous colitis of the entire large intestine. Pseudomembranous colitis is often observed as a complication after the administration of different antibiotics. The Anglo-American literature contains several recent reports of clindamycin-induced pseudomembranous colitis. The etiopathology of this drug-induced disease is still unclear. A possible interpretation is an antibiotic-induced change in the intestinal flora. Recent observations suggest that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for the pseudomembranous colitis.
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PMID:[Pseudomembranous colitis caused by antibiotics]. 56 8

We describe three cases of benign signet-ring cell aggregates in the colon associated with pseudomembranous colitis, adenomatous polyp of the colon and ulcerated mucosa of the gallbladder excised for gallstones. In all cases, we found loose, benign signet-ring cell aggregates overlying the ulcerated mucosa surface, simulating signet ring-cell carcinoma. The most important sign of the benign signet-ring cell aggregates is that they are always confined to the surface of the mucosa of the intestine or gallbladder mucosa or crypts of the intestinal epithelium. In no case did we see an invasion of these cells into the lamina propria of the mucosa. In all cases, the benign signet-ring cell aggregates were immunohistochemically positive with antibodies to cytokeratins. The occurrence of benign signet-ring cell aggregates is a rare and very misleading diagnostic pitfall which must be differentiated from signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon and gallbladder.
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PMID:Signet-ring cell aggregates simulating carcinoma in colon and gallbladder mucosa. 1054 38

By 1996, the median survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in North America had increased to 31 years. With the markedly improved life expectancy, many CF patients are now adults. There is an associated increased risk of certain colonic disorders, and the emergence of other previously unrecognized disorders, in adult CF patients. The distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), which is more common in older patients, is a frequent cause of abdominal pain. Intussusception may complicate DIOS; other differential diagnoses include appendiceal disease, volvolus, Crohn's disease, fibrosing colonopathy and colonic carcinoma. The diagnosis of acute appendicitis, although uncommon in patients with CF, is often delayed, and appendiceal abscess is a frequent complication. The prevalence of Crohn's disease in CF has been shown to be 17 times that of the general population. Right-sided microscopic colitis is a recently recognized entity in CF of uncertain clinical significance. Fibrosing colonopathy has been confined mostly to children with CF, attributed to the use of high strength pancreatic enzyme supplements, but it has been reported in three adults. Nine cases of carcinoma of the large intestine have been reported worldwide, associated with an apparent excess risk of digestive tract cancers in CF. Despite high carrier rates of Clostridium difficile in patients with CF, pseudomembranous colitis is distinctly rare, but severe cases complicated by toxic megacolon have been reported. In these patients, watery diarrhea is often absent. Adult CF patients with refractory or unexplained intestinal symptoms merit thorough investigations.
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PMID:Colonic disorders in adult cystic fibrosis. 1157 1

Ultrasonography (US) is often the first imaging study performed in patients with abdominal pain or vague symptoms related to the gastrointestinal tract. An awareness of the US appearances of diseases of the intestine is essential to achieve the proper diagnosis and to enable appropriate triage of cases. Pathologic processes that affect the intestine generally result in decreased peristalsis and bowel wall thickening, both of which tend to decrease the luminal gas content. These changes permit evaluation of the intestine and surrounding structures with transabdominal and transvaginal US. US is useful in diagnosis of infectious and inflammatory conditions, such as appendicitis, Crohn disease, diverticulitis, epiploic appendagitis, pseudomembranous colitis, small bowel obstruction, small bowel vasculitis, and celiac disease. US is also helpful in diagnosis of tumors, such as gastric cancer, bowel lymphoma, and colon cancer. Familiarity with the US appearances of diseases that affect the intestine may allow specific diagnosis based on the degree and distribution of bowel wall thickening and associated changes of the perienteric tissues.
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PMID:US of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities with CT correlation. 1253 41

Pseudomembranous colitis, an antibiotic-associated diarrhea, needs early diagnosis and treatment for the high fatality rate in severe cases. We report a case of pseudomembranous colitis following the use of antibiotics in febrile neutropenia (FN). A 74-year-old man with non-curative resected sigmoid colon cancer was treated with cefepime in FN induced by chemotherapy. Complications of diarrhea were seen on day 2. Paralytic ileus and disseminated intravascular coagulation were also complications. He was diagnosed as pseudomembranous colitis for Clostridium difficile toxin-positive. Vancomycin enemas were administered because oral administrations were impossible, and the effect was provided. Vancomycin enemas are an effective therapy for patients with severe pseudomembranous colitis unable to tolerate oral medications because of ileus.
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PMID:[A case of pseudomembranous colitis with febrile neutropenia induced by chemotherapy and effectively treated by vancomycin enemas]. 2084 56