Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of the surgical and autopsy records from two general hospitals in La Paz, Bolivia, discloses an incidence of colon and rectal disease, excluding hemorrhoids, of 0.6 per cent (138 of 22,361 surgical cases) and 2.5 per cent (16 of 640 consecutive autopsies). Acquired megacolon complicated by volvulus represented more than half of all cases in the surgical series. Ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and neoplastic polyps represented less than 10 per cent of the cases of colonic disease. Only ten cases of carcinoma of the colon were seen, whereas five cases of granulomatous colitis or ileocolitis were detected in the same surgical material. Among sixty-four lesions of the rectum, so-called retention polyps accounted for 54.5 per cent of the cases, with carcinoma next in frequency (25 per cent), and the remainder being different varieties of inflammatory conditions. In the autopsy material almost half of the cases were infectious conditions, followed by congenital malformations and complicated acquired megacolon. No case of diverticular disease of the colon or neoplastic polyps was seen, and there was only one case of cancer of the large bowel. Because of the high incidence of acquired megacolon and the low incidence of cancer, ulcerative colitis, adenomatous polyps, and diverticular disease of the colon, possible etiopathogenic factors of these conditions are discussed in comparison with their incidence in other developed and developing countries of the world.
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PMID:Diseases of the colon and rectum in Bolivia. 113 Jun 11

One hundred thirty-two of 980 patients (13.5%) with Crohn's disease (CD) involving the colon, admitted to The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1959 and 1985, developed 175 colonic strictures. Thirty-three patients developed more than one stricture. The frequency was twice as great in colitis (19%) as in ileocolitis (11%). Ten malignant strictures were identified in nine patients (three ileocolitis, six colitis). One of these patients had three strictures (two malignant, and one benign), and two had two strictures (one malignant and one benign). The frequency of cancer in patients with stricture (6.8%) was higher than in those without stricture (0.7%, six of 848, p less than 0.001). There were no differences in clinical symptoms between patients with benign and malignant stricture. Seventeen of 165 benign strictures (10.3%) were long, extending over more than one anatomical segment of colon, but all 10 malignant strictures were short (p less than 0.0001). The age at the diagnosis of stricture was higher in the nine patients with malignant stricture than in the 123 patients with benign stricture (mean age 57.2 vs. 41.4 yr, respectively, p less than 0.01). The proportion of strictures that were malignant increased with duration of disease from 3.3% with less than 20 yr of CD, to 11% with CD of 20 yr or more. All nine patients with malignant stricture were treated surgically, and four of the nine died of colon cancer during a mean follow-up of 4.3 yr. Prognosis was worse in six other nonstricture cancers in this series, with five colon cancer deaths during mean follow-up of 1.6 yr. In view of the high rate of malignancy, 6.8% in this series, colonoscopy with biopsy is essential in Crohn's disease patients with colonic strictures, and surgery must be considered when a stricture cannot be fully assessed during colonoscopy.
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PMID:Malignant colorectal strictures in Crohn's disease. 205 31

A case of a 38 year-old male patient, from Lima, with a three-year period illness, characterized by abdominal pain, diarrhea, ponderal weight loss and fever is showed. He is examined by colonoscopy, with endoscopic diagnosis of colon cancer and undergoes surgery. The histopathological diagnosis was severe acute and chronic ulcerative ileocolitis, suggesting Crohn disease. A month later he again showed abdominal pain, diarrhea and fever, so a new colonoscopy is performed revealing multiple ileum ulcers and in the anastomotic area. The biopsy revealed an acute and chronic inflammatory process. The colon radiography showed a filling defect and irregularity in the cecum, and the upper endoscopy revealed esophageal ulcers. In addition, a number of analyses were carried out, such as: coproculture, HIV, and VK on sputum and feces, as well as CEA dosage, resulting all of them negative. The thorax radiography was also normal.He was diagnosed with Crohn's disease and was treated with mesalacin. Evolution was fast, showing weight gain, which allowed the discharge of the patient from the hospital seven (7) days later. The anatomical pathology never did confirm the final diagnosis, which brings us to the question:Are the granulomas always necessary for the final diagnosis of Crohn's disease?
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PMID:[Are granulomas necessary for the final diagnosis of Crohn disease?]. 1524 96

Chronic inflammation and selenium deficiency are considered as risk factors for colon cancer. The protective effect of selenium might be mediated by specific selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPx). GPx-1 and -2 double knockout, but not single knockout mice, spontaneously develop ileocolitis and intestinal cancer. Since GPx2 is induced by the chemopreventive sulforaphane (SFN) via the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Keap1 system, the susceptibility of GPx2-KO and wild-type (WT) mice to azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis was tested under different selenium states and SFN applications. WT and GPx2-KO mice were grown on a selenium-poor, -adequate or -supranutritional diet. SFN application started either 1 week before (SFN4) or along with (SFN3) a single AOM application followed by DSS treatment for 1 week. Mice were assessed 3 weeks after AOM for colitis and Nrf2 target gene expression and after 12 weeks for tumorigenesis. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductases, thioredoxin reductases and glutathione-S-transferases were upregulated in the ileum and/or colon by SFN, as was GPx2 in WT mice. Inflammation scores were more severe in GPx2-KO mice and highest in selenium-poor groups. Inflammation was enhanced by SFN4 in both genotypes under selenium restriction but decreased in selenium adequacy. Total tumor numbers were higher in GPx2-KO mice but diminished by increasing selenium in both genotypes. SFN3 reduced inflammation and tumor multiplicity in both Se-adequate genotypes. Tumor size was smaller in Se-poor GPx2-KO mice. It is concluded that GPx2, although supporting tumor growth, inhibits inflammation-mediated tumorigenesis, but the protective effect of selenium does not strictly depend on GPx2 expression. Similarly, SFN requires selenium but not GPx2 for being protective.
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PMID:Glutathione peroxidase-2 and selenium decreased inflammation and tumors in a mouse model of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis whereas sulforaphane effects differed with selenium supply. 2218 May 72