Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We measured alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase (alpha 13FT) activity in human plasma samples obtained from a group of 111 patients with malignant diseases, 86 patients with benign diseases, and 58 healthy controls using a newly developed assay method (Clin. Chem., 37: 2081-2086, 1991). The cutoff value was arbitrarily set at 73 units/ml (mean +/- 3SD of results for healthy controls). Forty-one of the 111 (36.9) plasma samples from patients with cancer showed high enzyme activity, and twelve of the 86 (13.6%) samples from patients with benign diseases were above the cutoff value. The levels of alpha 13FT were considerably high in samples obtained from the patients with esophagus, lung, liver and pancreatic and biliary cancer, and corresponding positive rates were 66.7, 64.7, 62.5 and 62.5%, respectively. The elevation of the enzyme activity was found in many samples from advanced cancer, whereas samples from patients with gastric and colon cancer in the clinical stage I showed high positive rates. No correlation was observed between the level of alpha 13FT and tumor--associated antigens such as carcinoembryonic antigen, CA19-9, and sialyl Tn (STN). These results suggest that alpha 13FT activity measured by the present assay method could have a potentiality for a new type of tumor marker.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of alpha(1----3)-L-fucosyltransferase activities in sera from patients with malignant diseases with a special reference to a potential tumor marker]. 158 Jun 44

Thirty four patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), colon cancer (CC) biliary tract cancer (BC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with ADM (UFT-A), or UFT with ADM and CDDP (UFT-AC). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 10 mg/body was given intravenously from day 1-4 and repeated every two weeks. The UFT-AC regimen consisted of UFT 400-600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 7.5 mg/m2 was given from day 7-9 and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 7, repeated every 3-4 weeks. Partial responses (PR) were seen in 7 cases (36.8%) (5 cases of GC, 1 case of CC and 1 case of BC) out of 19 evaluable patients (8 cases of GC, 4 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 3 case of PC) treated with UFT-A. Complete response in a case of CC and PR in 6 cases (47.7%) (3 cases of GC and 3 cases of BC) were observed out of 15 evaluable patients (7 cases of GC, 2 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 2 cases of PC) treated with UFT-AC. There was no significant difference of survival curve between the two regimens, however, the median survival of responders for both regimens is longer than non-responders with statistical significance. As for side effects, UGI symptoms were recognized in 37% of UFT-A group and in 73% of UFT-AC group. A leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 appeared in 11% of UFT-A group and in 20% of UFT-AC group. Considering these results, UFT-A and UFT-AC therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin (ADM) and cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced gastrointestinal cancer]. 211 36

Seventeen patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with Adriamycin (UFT-A). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for the Adriamycin, 10 mg/body was give intravenously from day 1-4 and was repeated every two weeks. Partial responses were seen in 7 cases (41%) (5 cases of gastric cancer, 1 case of colon cancer, and 1 case of bile-duct cancer) out of 17 evaluable patients (7 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of biliary tract cancer, and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer). Two patients had minor responses, and in eight patients their disease had stabilized. As for side effects, nausea and vomiting occurred in seven patients (41%), and anorexia was observed in eight patients (47%). Two patients (12%) showed a leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 and none of these seventeen patients had thrombocytopenia, of less than 5 x 10(4)/mm3. Considering these results, UFT-A therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin in advanced gastrointestinal cancer]. 311 75

Our cooperative study group carried out a controlled study of MQF-OK therapy with tegafur (FT) (group A) and with UFT (group B), a compound of FT and uracil in the molar ratio of 1:4, on various advanced gastrointestinal cancers. From January 1985 to May 1987, 91 patients were entered into this study, and 11 cases were ineligible for the protocol (11%). Fifty of 80 cases had advanced gastric cancer, 30 had pancreatic cancer or other cancers, such as colon cancer, and biliary tract cancer. They were divided into group A or B at random. There was no difference in the patient characteristics between group A and B. In gastric cancer, 23 of 50 cases were randomized into group A and 27 cases into group B. Two cases in group A (8.7%) and 7 cases in group B (25.9%) showed PR. The response rate of group B was better than that of group A, but the value of P by Kruskal-Wallis test was 0.27. Thirteen of the 30 other cancers were randomized into group A and 17 cases into group B. Three cases in group A and B, respectively, showed PR. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of antitumor effect, prolongation of life or side effects. In conclusion, it was suggested that the MQF-OK therapy with UFT was beneficial for the Remission Induction Therapy in advanced gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Controlled study of MQF-OK therapy with FT and with UFT on various advanced gastrointestinal cancers. Hirosaki Cooperative Study Group of Cancer Chemotherapy]. 313 59

Since increased synthesis of collagen has been demonstrated in tissue of type IV gastric cancer, we attempted to distinguish type IV gastric cancer from other cancers by measuring serum levels of type III procollagen N-terminal peptide (type III-N-peptide). Mean serum levels in type IV gastric cancer patients without metastasis were found to be elevated above normal values and developed a tendency to be higher than those in types I, II and III gastric cancer patients without metastasis. Highly positive ratios were found in patients with liver diseases including hepatoma and colon cancer, biliary tract cancer, and esophageal cancer patients with liver, lung or bone metastasis, but only 2 out of 14 of these cancer patients without such metastasis showed positive serum levels of type III-N-peptide. Positive cases in patients with type IV gastric cancer were obtained not only in the group with clinical stage IV but also in the groups with clinical stages II and III. In addition, high serum levels of type III-N-peptide in patients with type IV gastric cancer were seen not only in the cases with liver, lung or bone metastasis but also in cases with disseminated peritoneal metastasis alone. These results suggest that if the serum level of type III-N-peptide is elevated above normal values, type IV gastric cancer should be suspected after ruling out liver diseases, myelofibrosis and liver, lung or bone metastasis.
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PMID:[Diagnostic values of serum type III procollagen N-terminal peptide in type IV gastric cancer]. 398 46

The risk of developing a second primary cancer was evaluated in approximately 64,000 persons diagnosed with cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut during 1935-82. Significant excesses of all second cancers combined were observed following cancer of the esophagus (58 observed vs. 33 expected), small intestine (41 vs. 24), and colon (2,268 vs. 1,714). A slight excess of multiple primaries was observed following cancer of the liver and biliary tract (47 vs. 40). The observed number of second cancers was nearly equal to the expected number for persons initially diagnosed with cancers of the stomach (251 vs. 258), rectum (952 vs. 941), and pancreas (40 vs. 40). Persons with initial cancers of the small intestine, colon, and rectum also had excess second cancers arising primarily in the colon, which suggested the influence of common etiologic factors or possibly misclassified metastases in some. Shared dietary, socioeconomic, or hormonal factors may explain the excess of uterine and ovarian cancers among patients with colon cancer and the excess of breast cancer among patients with colon and rectal cancers. Oral and respiratory cancers occurred more frequently than expected in persons with an initial esophageal cancer, which is likely due to common risk factors of cigarette smoking or alcohol intake, or both. The elevations in cancer of the prostate among males with cancers of the esophagus, small intestine, colon, rectum, liver/biliary, and pancreas are probably artifacts associated with increased medical surveillance of cancer patients. The prostate cancer excesses were limited to the first year after diagnosis of the initial cancer or decreased over time for all but cancer of the colon and small intestines. Increased medical surveillance may also contribute to the excess renal and bladder cancers seen within 5 years of diagnosis of stomach cancer. Excesses were also seen for second pancreatic cancer among small intestine and liver/biliary cancer patients and second kidney and brain cancers among those with colon cancer. The deficits of stomach and rectal cancer among persons initially diagnosed with the same tumors, respectively, were anticipated because surgical removal of the organ is the primary form of treatment. Patients with rectal cancer also had deficits of stomach and pancreatic cancers. Future research should clarify the role of diet, alcohol, metabolic and endocrine factors, and host susceptibility on the risk of second neoplasms following cancer of the digestive system.
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PMID:Second cancer following cancer of the digestive system in Connecticut, 1935-82. 408 13

The clinical features and surgical management of two patients with primary adenocarcinoma of the bile duct in association with familial polyposis coli are described. The first patient had had subtotal colectomy for familial polyposis coli, and several resections of duodenal tumors. Carcinoma developed in the common bile duct and was treated with intubation and radiation therapy; he is still alive 2 years later. A second patient with cancer at the bifurcation of the bile ducts was treated with intubation and radiotherapy; 1 year later she had intestinal hemorrhage from a sigmoid colon cancer, and multiple colonic polyps were noted. We believe that this is the first report in the English literature of biliary cancer in association with familial polyposis coli or Gardner's syndrome.
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PMID:Familial polyposis coli associated with bile duct cancer. 721 87

Studies on the purification, characterization and clinical application of pancreatic oncofetal antigen were reported. This antigen was purified from fetal pancreas, and migrated in the beta-region on electrophoresis. Its molecular weight was about 80 x 10(4) daltons on gel filtration with a Sephacryl S-300. This antigen is clearly different from other oncofetal antigens such as alfafetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen or ferritin. Clinically, this pancreatic oncofetal antigen was positive in sera of 68.4% of the patients with pancreatic cancer. However, elevated level of this antigen was also observed in the sera of some patients with biliary tract cancer, colon cancer or gastric cancer. The antigen was also found in pancreatic juice obtained from patients with pancreatic cancer in almost the same incidence as in their sera. It is suggested that a pancreatic oncofetal antigen assay of sera and pancreatic juice in combination with other oncofetal antigens is valuable for the diagnosis and monitoring the clinical course of pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:A pancreatic oncofetal antigen: its partial purification and clinical application. 726 7

C. Heidelberger et al left great gifts to us. Approximately 50 years have elapsed since their discovery of 5-FU in 1957 before eventually elucidating the mechanisms by which the drug exerts its pharmacological actions and provokes its adverse reactions. Namely, 5-FU is a typical antimetabolite with strong time dependency, and continuous venous infusion(CVI) is considered to be its optimal regimen. The following facts may be mentioned to explain why such a long period of time has been spent to reach this level of research: 1) 5-FU, when administered to the living individual, is mostly inactivated by hepatic catabolic enzymes without delay and is then excreted in the urine, thus making it difficult to precisely analyze the relationship of blood 5-FU concentrations with concentration persistence, anticancer activity, and adverse reactions; and 2) unlike other anticancer agents, an antimetabolite 5-FU separately generates metabolites which show anticancer activity and adverse reactions, as well as metabolites which show adverse reactions only. For the last 30 years, we paid attention especially to 5-FU among chemotherapeutic agents for cancer and have sought for a long-lasting therapeutic modality which maintains quality of life of the patient and patient compliance by considering the balancing between its effects and adverse reactions. Consequently, we concretized an innovative therapeutic drug, TS-1 (S-1). We have a long history of research before developing S-1, which is represented by a series of investigations consisting in the developments of Futrafur (FT)--an oral anticancer agent of a 5-FU derivative (prodrug)-in 1970 subsequent to the above discovery of 5-FU, of UFT(FT: Ura=1 : 4) in 1976, and of S-1 in 1999. To date, we took the initiative in the world to devise S-1, the first self-rescuing concept(SRC)-based anticancer agent with dual actions, i.e., enhancement of pharmacological actions of 5-FU and reduction of its adverse reactions, by making use of the biochemical and enzymological properties of 5-FU and by combining FT, which is gradually converted to 5-FU in the body, with a 5-FU's effect-enhancing substance and a 5-FU's adverse reaction-reducing substance. S-1 is an oral anticancer agent in capsule, in which the following 2 modulators for 5-FU are combined to FT: one is CDHP(5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine) which increases blood concentrations and enhances pharmacological actions of 5-FU by potently inhibiting the degradation of 5-FU; and another is Oxo(potassium oxonate) which is localized in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract after oral administration and reduces GI toxicities provoked by 5-FU. S-1 is an oral anticancer agent in which these 3 components, FT, CDHP, and Oxo, are combined at a molar ratio of 1 : 0.4 : 1. Our conception to develop an SRC-based therapeutic drug and the preclinical concepts validated by numerous basic studies were demonstrated also in the clinical trials. In January 1999, S-1 was approved for the treatment of advanced and recurrent gastric cancers through the priority review system. From 2001 to 2005, S-1 was approved for the treatment of head and neck cancer, colon cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and breast cancer. S-1 has been applied to acquire its expanded indications for the treatment of pancreatic cancer and biliary tract cancer. We are confident that the combined regimen of S-1 with other anticancer agents and with other therapeutic modalities will contribute to the routine medical practice of cancer treatment in the future.
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PMID:[Timeline from discovery of 5-FU to development of an oral anticancer agent S-1 and its drug concept]. 1689 67

Serum soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor (sIFN-alpha/betaR) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were evaluated in the patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of serum sIFN-alpha/betaR with that of serum hs-CRP and evaluated the two diagnostic parameters in combination. Serum sIFN-alpha/betaR levels were measured in 92 patients and 25 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnoses were 37 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 17 cases of pancreatic cancer, 15 cases of colon cancer, 13 cases of biliary tract cancer, and 10 cases of gastric cancer. Serum levels of sIFN-alpha/betaR and hs-CRP were significantly higher in the patients than in healthy individuals (p<0.05). The optimal cut-off values of sIFN-alpha/betaR and hs-CRP were 3600pg/ml and 0.5microg/ml, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for these thresholds were 94.6% and 88.0%, whereas positive predictive and negative predictive values were 96.7% and 81.5%. These results suggest that a combination of serum sIFN-alpha/betaR and hs-CRP thresholds may be more reliable diagnostic parameter for gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Serum evaluation of soluble interferon-alpha/beta receptor and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein for diagnosis of the patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer. 1987 73


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