Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patients with various stages of carcinoma of the colon-rectum (n = 42) or stomach (n = 15) the plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin was determined. The upper limit for normal was evaluated in a control group of healthy people (n = 36) and was found to be 2.4 mg/l. 36% of the patients with carcinoma of the colon-rectum and 27% of those with carcinoma of the stomach had higher than normal beta 2-microglobulin values. In the group of colon carcinoma patients there was a positive correlation between the extent of the tumor and the beta 2-microglobulin concentration. Thus, an appreciable frequency of increased values (greater than 50%) was found only in advanced stage carcinoma. In patients with carcinoma of the stomach only occasionally increased values were observed, independent of the stage of the tumor. In conclusion, the plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin is no adjunct in the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:[The plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. 9 49

We prospectively studied patients with Streptococcus bovis septicemia for the presence of gastrointestinal lesions. This study was prompted by our reported findings of the association of fecal carriage of S. bovis with carcinoma of the colon. We studied 29 patients with 30 episodes of S. bovis septicemia. Fifteen completed gastrointestinal evaluations that included colonscopy, surgery, or autopsy. Eight of these had carcinoma of the colon, three had adenomatous polyps of the colon without carcinoma, and two had carcinoma of the esophagus. The 14 patients who did not have complete evaluations included one each with carcinoma of the stomach, gastric lymphoma, and adenomatous polyp of the colon and three with colonic masses not further delineated. Nineteen patients had no gastrointestinal signs or symptoms or stools positive for occult blood at admission. The results of our study suggest that all patients with S. bovis septicemia need aggressive evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the colon.
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PMID:Streptococcus bovis septicemia and carcinoma of the colon. 48 53

It is estimated that in the Western hemisphere approximately 50% of all carcinoses in females and approximately 30% of all carcinoses in males are influenced by dietary factors. The most frequent carcinogenic dietary compounds are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the nitrosamine combinations and the mycotoxins. Exact data on the carcinogenic risk of these dietary compounds is, however, not yet available for humans. Epidemiological investigations also support the assumed dietary carcinogenesis. It is known that the contracting rate for carcinoma of the stomach is considerably higher in Japan than in Europe or in the USA and that the morbidity rate for carcinoma of the colon is considerably lower in Third World countries. The positive incidence between dietary fat uptake and carcinoma of the breast seems to be well established.
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PMID:[Carcinogens in the food]. 56 24

The exact risk of developing a second primary cancer following radiotherapy for testicular seminoma is not known. At the Northern Israel Oncology Center, between the years 1968-1988, 75 patients with early stage (I,IIA) testicular seminoma were treated by orchiectomy followed by radiation therapy. The overall 10- and 20-year survival probability was 95% and 90%, respectively. Eight patients (11%) developed nine second cancers, with a cumulative rate of one case per 1,000 years of follow-up. The second primary cancers were: two bronchogenic carcinomas, one contralateral seminoma, one thymoma, one papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, one carcinoma of the stomach, one transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, one carcinoma of the colon, and one malignant melanoma. Three of these tumors developed within the irradiated field. Five of these eight patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent cancer. We conclude that patients treated for seminoma have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. There is a need for greater awareness of this possibility. The overall prognosis remains favorable.
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PMID:Second cancer in patients treated for testicular seminoma. 154 75

The chemotherapy of gastric carcinoma is at an important point in its evolution. Multiple studies with a variety of agents have demonstrated that combination chemotherapy appears to be superior to single-agent chemotherapy in regard to response rate but not survival rate. The typical single agent results in response rates of 20% or less, whereas the typical combination chemotherapy regimen results in response rates of 30% to 50%. The FAM (5-fluorouracil [5-FU], doxorubicin, mitomycin C) chemotherapy regimen, widely used during the last 10 years, produces partial responses (PRs) in 35% of patients. However, the overall complete response (CR) rate is only 2%. Long-term survival of patients with disseminated malignancy is only achieved when treatments produce CR of disease. Because available combination chemotherapy approaches to gastric cancer only produce PRs, it is not surprising that there has been no impact on patient survival from these approaches. There are several newer approaches that hold promise in the treatment of gastric cancer. For example, the role of cisplatin in gastric cancer has not been completely defined. A recent study of FAP (5-FU, doxorubicin, cisplatin) has reported a 50% response rate with a significant number of CRs. The FAP regimen needs further exploration. The drug triazinate appears to have activity in gastric cancer, and in combination with mitomycin C produces a 28% response rate in patients who had failed chemotherapy regimens containing fluorinated pyrimidine. Thus, the efficacy of this drug needs further exploration in stomach cancer therapy. There is no clear definition of the future role of hepatic arterial infusion in gastric cancer. There is no question that, in colon cancer, response rates with fluorinated pyrimidine alone or fluorinated pyrimidine with mitomycin C are in the range of 50% when hepatic arterial infusion is used. This approach needs to be explored in gastric cancer. Finally, the use of intraperitoneal (IP) therapy in patients with minimal disease should be explored, because a common form of relapse in carcinoma of the stomach is IP dissemination.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of advanced gastric cancer: present status, future prospects. 329 18

Gastro-colic fistula is an uncommon complication of a benign gastric ulcer (Laufer et al., 1976). The commonest causes of a gastro-colic fistula are carcinoma of the stomach, carcinoma of the colon and previous gastric surgery for peptic ulcer disease (Allison, 1973; Cody et al., 1975) and surgery is the treatment of choice. We report a case of gastro-colic fistula due to a benign gastric ulcer, which healed spontaneously without treatment. Only one previous case of spontaneous healing of a gastro-colic fistula has been described (Rivera, 1972) and this patient subsequently had surgery to exclude an underlying malignant disease.
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PMID:Spontaneous healing of a gastro-colic fistula due to a benign gastric ulcer. 362 26

Most operations on elderly patients are of an urgent nature. If time permits, measures to improve cardiac, respiratory and renal functions in the appropriate ways should be undertaken. During recovery from anesthesia careful but adequate sedation will reduce the risk of myocardial ischemia. Throughout the postoperative period constant encouragement of the older patient is particularly helpful.Transverse abdominal incisions and the frequent use of temporary gastrostomy are advocated.External hernia, hiatus hernia, peptic ulcer, carcinoma of the stomach, biliary disease, appendicits, intestinal obstruction, and carcinoma of the large intestine are discussed specifically, with special reference to the practical details of management in the elderly patient.
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PMID:Some aspects of abdominal surgery in the elderly patient. 582 19

Activity of Poly (C) avid ribonuclease was estimated in sera of 129 patients with different malignancies. All patients had histologically verified carcinomas, normal renal function, and no signs of acute catabolic condition. Activity values were compared with those of normal subjects (U-test, Mann and Whitney) separately for each age decade and type of carcinoma. Patients with ovarian and bronchus carcinoma had statistically elevated activity values throughout all age groups. Colon carcinoma patients showed elevated values in most instances. In patients with pancreatic carcinoma a difference could be detected in only one age group (51-60 years of age). No significant elevation of enzyme activity was detected in carcinoma of the stomach and of the prostate. It is concluded that there are carcinomas leading to elevated ribonuclease activity, although the biological basis of this phenomenon is not understood. No special sensitivity nor specificity of ribonuclease elevation could be demonstrated in pancreatic carcinoma patients. Up to now the usefulness of ribonuclease estimation in prospective carcinoma detection remains questionable.
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PMID:Poly (C) avid ribonuclease estimation in patients with solid tumors. A critical evaluation. 670 20

Juvenile Polyposis (JP) is a rare disease that may be found anywhere within the gastrointestinal tract, almost most cases so far reported have involved the colon. It is a precancerous condition, with the subsequently developing carcinomas so far also being found almost exclusively in the colon. A familial form is found in 20 to 50% of the cases. The present paper describes a family in whom three members of the second generation developed massive JP in the stomach requiring partial resection of the stomach or gastrectomy. Three members of the first generation died of carcinoma of the stomach and a forth of carcinoma of the colon. A male member of the second generation was treated at the age of 38 years for a carcinoma of the colon; 16 years later, he underwent resection of the stomach for juvenile polyposis and the histological work-up of the surgical specimen revealed in addition, areas of dysplasia and early carcinomas restricted to the mucosa.
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PMID:[Familial juvenile polyposis with predominant stomach involvement]. 823 87

BACKGROUND: Genetic polymorphisms of some metabolizing enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase M1 ( GSTM1) and N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2), have recently been shown to affect individual susceptibility to various types of cancers. However, the link between the GSTM1 polymorphism and gastric cancer is controversial and there are few studies focusing on the relation between a combination of the two enzyme genotypes and gastric cancer risk.METHODS: Genotypes of GSTM1 and NAT2 were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) following PCR in 147 Japanese patients with gastric cancer and 112 autopsied Japanese patients without stomach, lung, urinary bladder, or colon cancer.RESULTS: The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype was significantly increased in the cancer patients (91 individuals; 61.9%) compared with the controls (55 individuals; 49.1%) ( P < 0.05; odds ratio, 1.68). The incidence of patients with the homozygously wild genotype of NAT2 (rapid acetylator) was slightly lower in the cancer group (59 individuals; 40.1%) than in the control group (58 individuals; 51.8%). The proportion of patients with both the GSTM1 gene and homozygously wild genotype of NAT2 was significantly smaller in the cancer group (19 individuals; 12.9%) than in the control group (29 individuals; 25.9%) ( P < 0.05). In addition, in a comparison of four subgroups of gastric cancer which were classified by both the genotype of GSTM1 and the predicted phenotype of NAT2, the number of subjects in the subgroup " GSTM1+/rapid" was significantly smaller than the expected numbers of the other three subgroups ( P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: It is suggested that a combination of GSTM1 and NAT2 decreases the risk of gastric cancer in Japanese patients.
Gastric Cancer 1999 Nov
PMID:Genotypes of glutathione S-transferase M1 and N-acetyltransferase 2 in Japanese patients with gastric cancer. 1195 90


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