Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from 134 selected patients with various types of cancer were tested for soluble antigen-antibody complexes by the C1q binding method. Sera from 85 healthy blood bank donors served as normal controls. C1q binding activity (C1q BA) values above the 95th percentile for healthy subjects were found in 83% of sera from patients with neoplastic diseases. The incidence of abnormal C1q BA values among patients with malignant melanoma was 83%, with breast cancer 74%, with colon cancer 75%, with lung cancer 88%, with leukemia and lymphoma 85%, and with miscellaneous tumors 94%. High C1q BA values were found most frequently in sera of patients who had been diagnosed relatively recently (within 5 mo) and who had evident residual disease after surgical treatment. Recurrence or progression of tumor growth occurred significantly more frequently in lung cancer patients with high C1q BA. DNA was not detected in cancer patients' sera and treatment with DNase did not decrease in C1q BA. C1q BA in sera could not be explained by the presence of antiglobulin antibodies. Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation studies of the serum C1q BA in 4 cancer patients showed that the major binding activity was found between 19S and 7S.
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PMID:The C1q binding test for soluble immune complexes: clinical correlations obtained in patients with cancer. 32 5

Adjuvant trials in cancer treatment present special problems in statistical analysis. When the primary treatment modality results in a relatively high cure rate and additional methods of treatment are being inserted in an effort to raise the figures to even higher levels, therapeutic benefit can be obscured unless all features of the study are carefully considered. Biologic benefit may easily be masked by the sizable number of patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment who have no residual tumor and therefore could not possibly benefit therefrom. For example, 50% of patients undergoing "curative" resection for colon cancer survive without evidence of disease beyond the five-year postoperative period; thus at least half the patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy) will be disease-free at the time of randomization and cannot benefit from adjuvant therapy. New methods of assessment of treatment must be developed; otherwise, substantial therapeutic effectiveness may go undetected.
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PMID:Special problems in the evaluation of results in adjuvant trials of cancer treatment. 69 38

Active specific immunotherapy, harnessing the strength and specificity of the host immune response to destroy neoplastic cells, may offer an ideal surgical adjuvant treatment modality for human colon cancer. Unfortunately, achievement of this goal has been obscured by 1) the effect of excess residual disease to interfere with the host's destructive response, 2) the weak nature of tumor resistance, 3) the potential adverse effect of concomitant treatments such as chemotherapy, and 4) the present limitation of poorly defined immunogens to induce, as well as insensitive assay systems to detect, host sensitizaion. Recent immunologic and chemical research revealing distinctive surface membrane structures on colon cancer cells suggests that a controlled trial of irradiated, autochtonous cell vaccines (without mycobacterial adjuvants) may provide a new therapeutic tool for Dukes B2 and C stages of human colon cancer.
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PMID:Active specific immunotherapy potential for the treatment of large bowel cancer. 92 11

Haggitt's classification is a useful guide in the management of patients with large bowel polyps which contain invasive adenocarcinoma in that patients with levels 1 to 3 require no operation. Nuclear morphometry has been shown to be a useful prognostic discriminant for patients with invasive carcinoma of the large bowel. The nuclear shape factor of 44 polyps with invasive carcinoma was studied to determine whether this parameter was of value to define those patients with Haggitt level 4 who should have a resection. The shape factor of 50 interphase nuclei was obtained through the use of image analysis by tracing the nuclear profiles as digitized on a video screen. The nuclear shape factor was defined as the degree of circularity of the nucleus, a perfect circle recorded as 1.0. Our previous experience showed a nuclear shape factor greater than 0.84 was associated with a poor outcome. The overall mean shape factor was 0.71 (0.59-0.85). There was a tendency for the patients with residual disease to have values in the upper range. Our findings suggest that nuclear morphometry fails to add any predictive information in this clinical situation.
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PMID:The value of nuclear morphometry in the management of patients with colorectal polyps that contain invasive adenocarcinoma. 151 94

We review our experience with 82 patients with nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. All patients were referred for evaluation of an ovarian mass. The patients had primary carcinoma of the breast (n = 28), colon (n = 23), stomach (n = 22), pancreas (n = 7), or gallbladder (n = 2). The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 10%. Five-year survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer was significantly higher (23%) than that in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, stomach, gallbladder, or pancreas, all of whom died within 58 months (P less than 0.05). Patients with unilateral metastatic ovarian involvement had a 5-year survival significantly better than that of those with bilateral involvement (28% vs 5%; p = 0.003). Five-year survival in patients with disease limited to the pelvis was significantly higher than that in those with abdominal spread (22% vs 6%; P less than 0.04). The 5-year survival of patients with residual disease less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm in diameter was 18% or 4%, respectively (P = 0.002). This pattern applied mainly to differences in patients with primary cancer of the breast or colon (P less than 0.008). These data suggest that an aggressive surgical effort seems to be indicated in colon cancer metastatic to the ovary, as some of these patients may survive 5 years.
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PMID:Nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. 173 Apr 31

The effects of different voltages and dosages during direct current treatment were studied to determine the most effective tumor treatment. Groups of nude mice with subcutaneous human colon cancer nodules were treated with a single electrolytic dose (charge) of direct current using two percutaneously placed needle electrodes. All the treated groups responded and the residual tumor volumes were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the control group. 7.5 V gave the greatest tumor reduction, significantly more than for 12.5, 10.0, and 2.5 V. 35 C/ml of tumor was more effective than 30 C/ml (p less than 0.05) and no difference in response was obtained between 35 and 50 C/ml. Hyperthermia did not appear to play a significant part in direct current treatment in the examined voltage range as no intra-tumoral temperature elevation was observed. Direct current may allow effective percutaneous treatment of metastases which are unresponsive or unsuitable for conventional treatment.
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PMID:Effects of varying potential and electrolytic dosage in direct current treatment of tumors. 203 5

The subject of management of patients after endoscopic removal of cancerous adenomas is controversial. A retrospective review of 126 lesions in 121 patients who had had colonoscopic polypectomy of malignant lesions between 1971 and 1985 was used to determine the criteria for colon resection. Invasive cancer was identified in 80 patients, while 41 patients had carcinoma in situ. A synchronous colon cancer was found in five of the 121 patients. The patients who had carcinoma in situ had no evidence of residual tumor or metastatic disease on subsequent follow-up (colon resection in three patients and endoscopic surveillance in 38 patients). Of the 80 patients with invasive cancer, 44 had subsequent colon resection, and 34 of these had no evidence of tumor in the resected bowel or mesenteric lymph nodes. Ten patients had residual tumor, metastatic cancer to regional lymph nodes, or both. Each of the 10 had at least one of the following indications of inadequate resection or dissemination of disease to local lymph nodes (the first indication is a macroscopic evaluation, while the remaining four are all microscopic): incomplete excision, poorly differentiated tumor, invasion of the line of resection, invasion of the polyp stalk, and invasion of venous or lymphatic channels. Present recommendations for patient management after endoscopic removal of an invasive malignant adenoma should include colon resection with regional lymphadenectomy for patients with one or more of these five criteria. Patients without any of these risk factors should have early repeat endoscopic examination 3 months after initial polypectomy to evaluate the polypectomy site. Total colonoscopic examination is repeated at 1 year to ensure the surveillance program is begun with a colon without neoplasms.
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PMID:Patient management after endoscopic removal of the cancerous colon adenoma. 359 9

We reviewed the long-term results of management of 38 patients with carcinoma in colorectal polyps. Of these, 16 patients demonstrated malignant invasion of the lamina propria but not the muscularis mucosa (group I), and 22 patients showed malignant invasion of the muscularis mucosa (group II). Primary therapy for group I patients consisted of polypectomy in 12, local excision in one, and colonic resection in three. One patient had a subsequent abdominal-perineal resection and was found to have no residual disease and no lymph node involvement. Follow-up of the group I patients showed that 11 were alive and well (mean 5.8 years) and five died of unrelated causes (mean 5.2 years). Of group II patients, 12 underwent polypectomy, six local excision, and four colectomy. Of these 22 patients, 11 underwent further operation, including nine major bowel resections and two local re-excisions. None of these 11 patients had either residual tumor or lymph node metastases. One patient died of complications after abdominal-perineal resection. Follow-up showed that 18/22 group II patients were alive and well 5 to 15 years later (mean 7.5 years); four died of unrelated causes (mean 3.2 years). We then reviewed another group of 220 patients who had undergone resection for invasive colon cancer to relate the presence or absence of lymph node metastases to the depth of malignant invasion in the bowel wall. We found that 44% of this entire group had lymph node involvement. Of 36 patients with tumor confined to the bowel wall, nodal metastases occurred in only 22%. Of eight patients with malignancy superficial to the muscularis propria, only one had nodal involvement. We conclude that colon cancer tends to progress in an orderly fashion and the risk of nodal metastases increases with the depth of invasion. Carcinoma in a polyp represents a very early stage of colon cancer. We therefore recommend polypectomy as primary treatment for pedunculated polyps containing carcinoma either superficial to or invading muscularis mucosa. If histologic review demonstrates incomplete excision, lymphatic invasion, or poor differentiation, patients with lesions invading the muscularis mucosa should undergo formal colonic resection.
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PMID:Rational management of malignant colon polyps based on long-term follow-up. 648 18

A retrospective analysis of 55 patients treated with whole abdominal irradiation following surgical excision for cancer of the colon is presented. Three groups of patients were given whole abdominal irradiation, eight with gross residual tumor following surgery, 17 with peritoneal seeding, and 30 who had complete surgical excision of the tumor but were felt to be at high risk for relapse. Only one of the eight patients with gross residual tumor, and one of the 17 with peritoneal metastases, are currently alive and well, with the majority dying from local or peritoneal metastases. The 5 year actuarial survival for the 30 patients irradiated following complete surgical excision is 55%. The treatment was well tolerated and few complications were observed. It is concluded that whole abdominal irradiation is ineffective for the treatment of colon cancer if peritoneal metastases are present, or if gross residual tumor is left behind following surgery. A randomized controlled clinical trial is being organized to test whether total abdominal irradiation is of benefit in terms of survival in high risk colon cancer patients following complete surgical removal.
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PMID:Total abdominal irradiation for cancer of the colon. 652 56

Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation is a well-described complication of widely metastatic carcinoma. The authors report four cases of gastric carcinoma, one case of colon cancer, and one case of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary in which the patient developed a syndrome analogous to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, consisting of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure without definite evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. In contrast to previous reports, postmortem examination in three of the cases revealed no recurrence or only microscopic foci of residual tumor. In the remaining three, there was clinical and pathologic evidence of grossly disseminated carcinoma. Also in contrast to previous cases, all patients evidenced azotemia and proteinuria at the onset of the syndrome and ultimately uremia was a contributing cause of death. Coagulation profiles showed prolonged thrombin times and elevated fibrin degradation products in four instances and did not distinguish the patients with grossly metastatic disease from those with no tumor or only microscopic residua. Circulating immune complexes containing carcinoembryonic antigen were found in the patient with metastatic colon carcinoma. The syndrome was clinically identical whether or not grossly metastatic tumor was present, and it should not be attributed to advanced disease without definite clinical or pathologic evidence of a recurrence.
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PMID:Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure in patients treated for adenocarcinoma. 728 73


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