Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between sebaceous neoplasms of the skin and visceral cancers, known as Muir-Torre syndrome, is described in three patients, including one with an extensive history of cancer in his family. The first patient, a 54-year-old man, developed multiple sebaceous adenomas, epitheliomas, and carcinomas in association with a colonic carcinoma 6 years after cardiac transplantation. Family history in this patient disclosed colon cancer in 17 relatives. The second patient was a 51-year-old man who had recurrent adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon, adenocarcinoma arising in Barrett's esophagus, and sebaceous epithelioma during a period of 15 years. The third patient was a 90-year-old man with a sebaceous adenoma followed 5 months later by adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon with liver metastases. Muir-Torre syndrome in 129 other patients published in the literature is reviewed. Although it is a rare disease, Muir-Torre syndrome requires recognition because skin lesions may be the first sign of the syndrome and this may lead to early diagnosis of associated visceral cancers. Moreover, because this syndrome appears to be inherited, family members should be screened for visceral cancer, especially colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Clinicopathological relevance of the association between gastrointestinal and sebaceous neoplasms: the Muir-Torre syndrome. 770 22

A 47-year-old man with ascending colon cancer with multiple liver metastases and bone metastasis (VII thoracic vertebra) showed a remarkable response to the combination therapy of tegafur and cisplatin. Tegafur (1,200 mg/day) was administered through continuous intravenous infusion mixed with IVH, and cisplatin was given every two weeks at a dose of 100 mg. The total dose of tegafur was 39.6g and that of cisplatin was 300mg. After therapy, primary and metastatic lesions were remarkably reduced according to various imaging techniques, and the serum CEA level of 34ng/ml at diagnosis decreased 3.7 ng/ml. Various tumor-related symptoms were improved. Drug toxicity caused slight nausea and leucopenia. Right hemicolectomy with R2 lymph node dissection was performed after chemotherapy. Histologically, primary lesion and regional lymph nodes showed diffuse fibrosis and necrosis, and only a few cancer cells remained some vessels. These results suggested that the combination chemotherapy of tegafur and cisplatin is useful for the treatment of colon cancer.
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PMID:[A case of remarkable response of colon cancer with multiple liver and bone metastasis treated with tegafur and cisplatin]. 782 67

The efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery for colorectal cancer remains unproven. We have investigated the efficacy of a perioperative intraportal cytotoxic regimen in a randomised trial of 533 patients with operable colorectal carcinoma. Patients were randomly assigned either a single course of portal infusion with mitomycin (10 mg/m2, one dose) plus fluorouracil (500 mg/m2 per 24 h for 7 days) starting immediately after surgery, or no adjuvant treatment. 505 (94%) were evaluable. At median follow-up of 8 years, adjuvant therapy reduced the risk of recurrence by 21% (hazard ratio 0.79 [95% CI 0.62-1.00], p = 0.051) and the risk of death by 26% (0.74 [0.57-0.97], p = 0.026). The lower risk of relapse was observed in all subgroups based on node status or localisation of the tumour; the risk reduction was greatest in patients with tumour-involved lymph nodes (Dukes' C; 0.67 [0.45-0.99], p = 0.045) and for those with colon cancer (0.78 [0.56-1.09], p = 0.151). Most of the difference in overall and disease-free survival could be attributed to a consistent reduction of all kinds of tumour recurrences (local relapses, liver metastases, and other distant metastases) in the treated group, rather than to a reduction of liver relapses only. We conclude that part of the benefit obtained with a single course of adjuvant chemotherapy via the portal vein for patients with operable colorectal carcinoma might be due to the systemic effects of the portal chemotherapy.
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PMID:Long-term results of single course of adjuvant intraportal chemotherapy for colorectal cancer. Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) 772 75

A comparative immunohistochemical study was performed to analyse the expression of cancer-associated carbohydrate antigens by primary and metastatic lesions of colon cancer. We used monoclonal antibodies which reacted with Lea, Lex and Tn as well as their sialylated derivatives. Twenty-one primary lesions in patients without metastasis and 26 primary and metastatic lesions in patients with liver metastasis were studied. Sialyl Lea was expressed by 57% of the primary lesions of patients without metastasis, 65% of the primary lesions of patients with metastasis and 73% of their liver metastases. Sialyl Lex was expressed by 60% of the primary lesions of patients with and without metastasis as well as by approximately 80% of the liver metastases. Sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex showed strong expressions in the liver metastases, significantly greater than in the primary lesions. The findings indicate the increased expressions of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex to be correlated with liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
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PMID:Carbohydrate antigens and liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. 790 24

Plachitin formed of both poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (chitin) and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP), was used as an arterial chemoembolization therapy against unresectable liver cancer. One gram of Plachitin contained 300 mg of CDDP. The Plachitin particle was 50-100 microns in diameter. Plachitin particles (50-100 mg) were injected via hepatic artery once or twice every week, and the total amount of 300 mg was considered one course of this therapy. The size and number of tumors were measured by computer tomography (CT). Pharmacokinetics of this drug was also assessed by serum and urine platinum (Pt) concentration. Three patients underwent the chemoembolization therapy using plachitin particles. Case 1 had multiple hepatocellular carcinomas. The tumor regression rate was 39% after two courses of this therapy. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level decreased from 1,182 ng/ml to 300 ng/ml. Case 2 suffered from bile duct cystadenocarcinoma. After three courses of the therapy, the tumor regression rate was 84.4%. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) decreased from 731 U/ml to 75 U/ml. Case 3 had synchronous multiple liver metastases from sigmoid colon cancer. The tumor regression rate was 77% after one course of the therapy. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 decreased from 406 ng/ml to 65 ng/ml and from 4,800 U/ml to 790 ng/ml, respectively. The response rate of the 3 cases was 66.7%. The peak levels of the serum Pt concentration of three patients were 0-0.4 microgram/g throughout the therapy, but peak urine Pt concentrations were observed during one course of the therapy of three patients ranging from 0.5 microgram/g to 3.2 micrograms/g, and decreased gradually for three weeks after the first course. Adverse effects of Plachitin particles for arterial chemoembolization were epigastralgia, nausea, fever, and elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These adverse effects were observed in all patients, but were transient. Catheter obstruction occurred in one patient (case 2). Cholecystitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and duodenal ulcer were noticed in case 3. No renal hypofunction was observed. Plachitin might be a useful agent for arterial chemoembolization therapy for primary and secondary liver cancer.
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PMID:[Intraarterial chemoembolization therapy for unresectable liver cancer using plachitin particles]. 794 46

Colonic adenocarcinoma is an uncommon but aggressive neoplasm in patients under the age of 40. The goals of this study were to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) in preoperative staging and detection of postoperative recurrences in young patients with colon cancer and to evaluate the pattern of recurrent disease. We reviewed 51 cases of adenocarcinoma in patients aged 40 years and younger. CT preoperatively staged 21 (72%) of 29 patients correctly and had a 100% positive predictive value for metastatic disease. Recurrent disease occurred in 23 (76%) of 30 nonstage D patients with at least 2 years of disease-free follow-up. CT accurately detected 21 (91%) of 23 cases of recurrent disease. Local recurrences were detected in 20 (87%) of 23 patients. Isolated local disease was the most frequent pattern of recurrence, seen in 17 (74%) of 23 patients. Hepatic metastases were rare and occurred in nine (13%) of 51 patients. Young patients with colon cancer have an increased prevalence of isolated local recurrences and decreased rate of hepatic metastases than the older population. In order to detect early, and therefore resectable recurrent disease, CT examinations should be obtained early and often in the postoperative period.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in young patients: CT detection of an atypical pattern of recurrence. 795 Aug 23

As a means of defining the role of chemotherapy after radical resection of colorectal liver metastases, a follow-up study of consecutive cases referred to three different surgical clinics, between June 1977 and December 1990 was performed. Data were collected from medical records and recorded on standardized forms. Analysis focused on the impact of treatment on survival of the study population by Cox multivariate analysis. One hundred and twenty-four primary colon cancer cases were reviewed and 102 were fully evaluable. Forty of the 102 were given 5FU based chemotherapy. According to multivariate survival analysis, time to hepatic metastasis (synchronous vs metachronous, RR = 0.41, 95%, C.I. = 0.21-0.78; P = 0.007) and sex (female vs male, RR = 0.48, 95% C.I. = 0.25-0.93; P = 0.029) were significantly associated with better survival. The relative risk of dying associated with treatment was 0.53 (95% C.I. = 0.27-1.05; P = 0.0675). This study suggests that chemotherapy may have an impact on survival, although the size of the effect is not precise. Multicentric randomized clinical trials are required to define the risk/benefit profile of adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Retrospective study on adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. 807 9

533 patients with diagnosis of operable colorectal carcinoma were randomized to receive either a single course of portal infusion with Mitomycin-C (MMC) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) starting immediately after operation, or no adjuvant treatment. Of these, 505 (94%) were evaluable. Over the median follow-up of 8 years, the adjuvant therapy reduced the risk of recurrence by 22% (Hazard ratio = 0.78%, 95% CI 0.61-0.99; P = 0.045). The relative reduction of relapse on death was similar in all subgroups (i.e. nodal status, localization). However, adjuvant portal chemotherapy proved to be most efficient in the subgroups of patients with tumor involvement of the regional lymph nodes (Dukes C) and of patients with colon cancer. Analysis of the pattern of relapse showed that most of the difference in overall and disease-free survival is to be attributed to a consistent reduction of all kinds of tumor recurrences (i.e. local relapses, liver metastases and/or other distant metastases) in the treated group, rather than to liver relapses alone. We conclude therefore, that part of significant benefit obtained for patients with operable colorectal carcinoma treated with a single course of adjuvant chemotherapy via the portal vein might be due to the additional systemic effects of the portal chemotherapy and further study of perioperative treatment with and without prolonged chemotherapy appears worthwhile.
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PMID:[Status of portal perfusion in colorectal cancer. Swiss Study Group for Clinical Cancer Research]. 808 6

5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose (IPdR) was recently reported to be converted to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) by an aldehyde oxidase, most concentrated in liver tissue. We questioned whether IPdR could be used as a p.o. hepatotropic prodrug to increase the percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation into liver tumors compared to normal liver with acceptable systemic toxicity. Athymic nude mice with human colon cancer (HCT-116) xenograft tumors as liver metastases and s.c. flank tumors received daily p.o. boluses (via gastric tubes) of IUdR or IPdR for 6 days. The maximum tolerated dose of IUdR was 250 mg/kg/day and was associated with a > 10% weight loss and a high percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation (> 5%) into normal bone marrow and intestine. In contrast, animals tolerated escalating doses of IPdR to 1 gm/kg/day without weight loss and with less (1.5-4%) IUdR-DNA incorporation in normal tissues. Pharmacokinetic analysis of p.o. IPdR showed peak plasma levels of IPdR and IUdR within 15-45 min, suggesting efficient conversion of IPdR to IUdR. Aldehyde oxidase activity was found in normal liver tissue but not in other normal or tumor tissues. Additionally, we found a 2-3 times greater percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation in tumor with IPdR than IUdR at the highest doses used. However, no differential effect in the percentage of IUdR-DNA incorporation was noted between liver metastases and s.c. tumors with either IPdR or IUdR. We conclude that p.o. IPdR offers a greater therapeutic index for tumor incorporation (and presumably radiosensitization) than a similar schedule of IUdR.
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PMID:An in vivo comparison of oral 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-iodo-2-pyrimidinone-2'-deoxyribose toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and DNA incorporation in athymic mouse tissues and the human colon cancer xenograft, HCT-116. 816 99

In a rat colon carcinoma model (DHD/K 12-PROb), two varieties of cells were selected after in vivo passaging: PROb h2, representing a liver-specific variant and PROb Mp1, representing a lung metastatic variant and producing liver and lung metastases after intracecal injection (one out of four). The study of the adhesion and the growth of cells in vitro for contact hepatocytes and/or endothelial cells gave the following results: (1) except for PROb Mp1, tumor cell growth was independent of the cell support; (2) adhesion of PROb Mp1 to endothelial cells was lower between 30 and 120 min, whereas adhesion of PROb h2 to hepatocytes was greater and durable after 60 min (P < or = 0.05). These results suggest that the formation of liver metastases in a dynamic process and that tumor cells have a great ability to adhere to hepatocytes. Improved by serial passaging in vivo, our intracecal model might be useful for studying many aspects of the pathogenesis of colon cancer metastasis, while concurrent in vitro studies of the adhesion and growth ability of cells might be a useful indicator for assessing the in vivo behavior.
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PMID:Experimental model of liver metastases: adhesion and growth of cells on contact with endothelial or hepatocyte cell monolayer cultures. 820 39


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