Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three samples of carcinoembryonic antigens were purified from liver metastases of primary colon cancer. The asparagine-linked sugar chains of carcinoembryonic antigens (CEA) were released as oligosaccharides by hydrazinolysis and the structures of oligosaccharides, thus obtained, was studied in combination with methylation analysis and several limited exoglycosidase digestions. All three CEAs contain approximately 25 asparagine-linked sugar chains in one molecule and about 10% of them was high mannose type. However, structural features of the outer chain moieties of the remaining complex-type sugar chains were different by CEA samples. The complex-type sugar chains were mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetraantennary with Man alpha 1----6(+/- GlcNAc beta 1----4)(Man alpha 1----3)Man beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----4(+/- Fuc alpha 1----6)GlcNAc as their cores, half of which were bisected; 86% of their proximal N-acetylglucosamine was fucosylated. The major outer chains in two samples were N-acetyllactosamine and Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc (X-antigenic determinant) and the remaining one sample contained Fuc alpha 1----2Gal beta 1----4(Fuc alpha 1----3)GlcNAc (Y-antigenic determinant) as an additional major outer chain. Furthermore, small amounts of type 1 chain and Lea antigenic determinant were found in some samples. Acidic oligosaccharides consisted of sialic acid containing fractions and sialidase-resistant fractions, and their contents seemed to be in a reciprocal relationship. Sialic acid was linked at the C-3 and C-6 positions of the nonreducing terminal galactose residues of the outer chains.
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PMID:Structural studies of the carbohydrate moieties of carcinoembryonic antigens. 358 Oct 81

To determine the frequency with which liver metastases are visualized on bone scintigraphy, 425 pairs of liver and bone scans, performed within one month of each other, were reviewed. Sixty-three of the 425 liver scans showed metastases. Of these 63, five cases of carcinoma of the colon and six cases of carcinoma of the lung also visualized by Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy. This represented 46% of colon metastases and 15% of lung metastases detected on liver scan. Liver metastases from other primary tumors were not detected on bone scan, but the numbers for these tumors were small. The liver metastases which were detected on bone scan were significantly larger than those which were not. The literature was reviewed and the primary and secondary tumors of liver with uptake of Tc-99m phosphate compounds listed.
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PMID:Visualization of metastatic liver disease on technetium-99m bone scintigraphy. 358 4

Angiography using Prostaglandin E1 was performed on thirty one cases with carcinoma of the colon in order to define the degree of venous invasion. Venous findings (occlusion and/or encasement) were classified into three groups: AG-V2, above mentioned venous findings up to marginal vein; AG-V1, these findings up to the vein of vasa recta; AG-V0, no distinct findings on the vein. 1) When angiographic findings were compared to histological findings of subserosal venous invasion, the results of AG-V2, AG-V1 and AG-V0 showed a positive correlation of 91.7%, 46.2% and 16.7%, respectively. 2) The angiographic findings were also correlated with the degree of fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon. 3) The incidence rate of liver metastasis in a group of AG-V2 was 50%. In AG-V1 it was 30.8% and in AG-V0 0%. 4) In the course of the postoperative follow-up, liver metastasis appeared in 2 cases of AG-V2 and AG-V1, respectively. The finding may suggest the existence of the liver metastases at the time of operation.
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PMID:[Angiographic diagnosis of venous invasion with reference to liver metastasis of carcinoma of the colon]. 369 39

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States, causing approximately 50,000 deaths per year. The overall prognosis and results of treatment have not changed impressively over the last three decades. Half of all the patients who undergo curative surgery finally succumb to locoregional or metastatic recurrence of their disease. Recent clinical research has been aimed at adjuvant therapeutic measures to improve survival after curative surgical resection. For rectal cancer, combined postoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been shown to reduce the overall relapse rate and improve disease-free survival. Further studies of adjuvant treatment for rectal cancer are needed to evaluate the optimal radiation schedule and limit the side-effects of the treatment. Adjuvant treatment of colon cancer must still be regarded as unsettled. Since liver metastases are the most common unfavorable outcome of colon cancer, ongoing trials using liver-directed treatment (perfusion, irradiation) should be followed with interest. The lack of proven efficacy and the side-effects of these treatments strongly favor the inclusion of an observation-only control group in trials for adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. Unfortunately, there is as yet no proven significant benefit from immunotherapy as an adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, but further basic and clinical studies will be of great interest in this field.
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PMID:Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer. Current status and concepts. 388 Jun 69

In this randomized trial adjuvant cytotoxic portal vein perfusion in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer without liver metastases was assessed to determine whether the incidence of metachronous liver metastases could be reduced and survival thereby improved. There were 127 control patients and 117 patients who received adjuvant perfusion. A further 13 patients were excluded following randomization because of cirrhosis in 1, liver metastases at laparotomy in 3 and technical problems with cannulation in 9. Dukes' staging and degree of differentiation were similar in the two groups. There were fewer liver metastases in the perfusion patients and overall survival was improved. However, the benefit appears to be greatest in patients with Dukes' B colon cancer.
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PMID:A randomized controlled trial of adjuvant portal vein cytotoxic perfusion in colorectal cancer. 388 35

Hepatic spread of colorectal cancer is a prominent cause of treatment failure, but selected patients with liver metastases may attain long-term palliation or cure with liver resection. A review of the records of 81 patients seen at the National Cancer Institute for treatment of colorectal hepatic metastases revealed 7 instances of metastases discovered at operation within the hepatic lymphatic drainage in the absence of other extrahepatic tumor. These patients were studied with reference to location and stage of the primary colon cancer and location of metastases at the time of planned liver resection. All seven patients had their extrahepatic lymphatic disease limited to nodes draining the liver, implicating lymphatic dissemination from hepatic metastases as the mechanism of tumor spread. This pattern of spread rendered these patients unresectable for cure. If lymphatic metastases occur from hepatic tumor this implies a need for frequent and thorough follow-up of patients following resection of a primary colon cancer, and indicates urgency in treatment of liver metastases.
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PMID:Lymphatic dissemination of hepatic metastases. Implications for the follow-up and treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. 397 41

Carcinoembryonic antigen and activities of glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) were measured in aqueous extracts of fetal, normal adult, and malignant human colon tissues. Fetal colon, as well as primary and metastatic colon tumor tissue, showed higher activities of these analytes than did normal adult human colon. Liver metastases of colon cancer gave the highest values, normal adult human colon the lowest. Statistically, these differences were more striking in the case of carcinoembryonic antigen and glucosephosphate isomerase than for gamma-glutamyltransferase or lactate dehydrogenase. In contrast to the other markers, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was lower in fetal organs than in normal adult colon and colon tumors. These results are consistent with earlier observations that activities of these markers are significantly increased in the blood of patients with metastatic colon cancer.
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PMID:Concurrent measurements of carcinoembryonic antigen, glucosephosphate isomerase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in malignant, normal adult, and fetal colon tissues. 610 67

Twenty-two patients with colorectal cancer and metastatic liver disease in whom systemic intravenous therapy with 5-fluorouracil previously had failed were given fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C by hepatic arterial infusion. Ten of the 22 patients (45.4 percent) had a partial response and median survival of 14 months, as opposed to a median survival of six months among the 12 patients who did not have response to the treatment (p = 0.02). Hepatic arterial occlusion was effected in seven of the 10 patients who responded and in seven of the 12 nonresponding patients. Such manipulation of hepatic arterial blood flow did not have a significant effect on the survival duration in either group. Retreatment of patients with colon cancer and liver metastases by hepatic arterial infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C can result in significant prolongation of survival in patients with response to this treatment.
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PMID:Effective retreatment of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases. 622 19

During a period of 7 years, we have aggressively treated liver tumors whether primary or metastatic. Our experience after 43 curative major liver resections has shown an excellent overall survival: 34 of 43 patients still alive a median of 12 months after liver resection (patient ages ranged from 21 to 85 years, median 57 years). Nineteen patients underwent right hepatic lobectomy, 9 trisegmentectomy, 5 left hepatic lobectomy, 5 extended left hepatic lobectomy, 4 right lobectomy plus left lobe wedge resection, and 1 patient underwent a major hilar wedge resection. Two patients died from sepsis and hepatic failure on or before the 60th postoperative day. One patient with no evidence of recurrent colorectal cancer was lost to follow-up after 2.5 years. One patient died without cancer 12 months after left hepatic lobectomy for colon cancer metastases. Cumulative survival for the entire series and for patients after resection of colorectal cancer metastases was the same: 1 year survival 90 percent; 2 year survival 75 percent, and 3 year survival 65 percent. Seventeen of 30 patients remain disease-free after resection of liver metastases. Of the 13 who had recurrence, 8 are still alive. Ten recurrences were outside of the residual liver (predominantly multiple pulmonary metastases). One recurrence was in the right hemidiaphragm, and only three were in the residual or regenerated liver. Serial carcinoembryonic antigen analysis was the best indicator of recurrence in these 13 patients, 12 of whom were asymptomatic. These data confirm that major liver resection can be performed with minimum postoperative mortality (4.7 percent in this series). More importantly, the majority of patients were cured of their liver metastases. The next goal should be the initiation of adjuvant systemic therapy trials after liver resection in such patients.
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PMID:Patterns of failure after surgical cure of large liver tumors. A change in the proximate cause of death and a need for effective systemic adjuvant therapy. 632 4

Localized treatment of liver metastases from colon cancer has yielded better results than has systemic therapy. We report 19 patients with metastatic colon cancer whose bulk disease was limited to the liver, but was not amenable to surgical resection. Many of these patients had poor prognostic features: 14 had greater than 30% replacement of the liver, five had poorly differentiated tumor, and five had previously failed to respond to systemic chemotherapy. All were treated with hepatic artery ligation and portal vein infusion of chemotherapy (mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil). Two patients (10%) died within one month postoperatively. The remaining 17 patients all improved clinically and demonstrated a marked decrease in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels. Based on follow-up physical exam, liver function tests, computed tomographic scan, and/or laparotomy, there were two complete responses, ten partial responses, four improved, and one indeterminate, for an objective response rate of 63%. Median survival of all patients was 13 months after hepatic artery ligation, and 14 months after diagnosis of liver metastases, with four patients still alive at 13+, 16+, 41+, and 61+ months after hepatic artery ligation. We believe that this form of therapy is an effective, well-tolerated alternative for patients with unresectable liver metastases.
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PMID:Hepatic artery ligation and portal vein infusion for liver metastases from colon cancer. 643 37


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