Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The role of the fecal microflora in the induction of colon cancer was investigated in individuals believed to be genetically predisposed to colon cancer. Subjects were members of families with increased occurrence of colon and endometrial carcinomas characteristic of the cancer family syndrome. Group 1 consisted of 5 cancer family syndrome individuals previously diagnosed with colon cancer. Group 2 consisted of 6 cancer family syndrome individuals previously diagnosed with endometrial cancer but free of colon cancer. An environmental control group (Group 3) consisted of 8 spouses of subjects in Groups 1 and 2. Quantitative bacterial cultures and assays of beta-glucuronidase and 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity were performed on fecal samples. No differences in bacterial quantities or levels of beta-glucuronidase or 7 alpha-dehydroxylase activity were found among Groups 1, 2, and 3 or between spouse pairs. The results fail to associate quantities or enzymatic activity of the intestinal flora to colon cancer in individuals believed to be genetically predisposed to colon cancer.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of the fecal microflora and its enzymatic activity in individuals genetically predisposed to colon cancer. 710 23

We assessed the association of hormonal replacement therapy with mortality and incidence of multiple diseases in over 40,000 postmenopausal women followed for 6 years as part of the Iowa Women's Health Study. Compared with women who never used hormone replacement therapy, current users had multivariate adjusted relative risks (RR) as follows: total mortality (RR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.65, 0.94), coronary heart disease mortality (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.48, 1.12), endometrial cancer incidence (RR = 4.3; 95% CI = 2.7, 6.9), breast cancer incidence (RR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.99, 1.55), colon cancer incidence (RR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.46, 1.12), and hip fracture incidence (RR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.31, 0.91).
 ...
PMID:Hormonal replacement therapy and morbidity and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. 762 11

The clinical characteristics of patients with second primary tumors in the ovary and endometrium were compared to those with single primary tumors treated at our Center during the same period of time. Despite the fact that the patients were under medical surveillance for the first primary tumor, most second tumors were diagnosed following patient symptoms and complaints, and not at a routine follow-up appointment. Patients with a second primary endometrial cancer had a more advanced stage of disease at diagnosis as compared to those with single endometrial cancer. This was not found to be true for patients with second ovarian cancer. Patients with primary breast cancer and colon cancer, lymphoma or melanoma were found to be at higher risk for developing a second primary tumor in the endometrium or ovary as compared to those with a primary tumor at other sites. Although there are no proven means for the early detection of these gynecologic malignancies, it seems prudent to draw the attention of medical practitioners to the need for a better gynecologic evaluation for women with cancer at other sites during their follow-up visits. Studies on the efficacy of currently available diagnostic techniques should be carried out to evaluate their yield in this high risk group.
 ...
PMID:Clinical characteristics of patients with a second primary tumor in the endometrium or ovary. 766 66

This paper provides projections of incident cases of malignant neoplasms in Saarland, Germany, between 1988 and 2002. The analyses are based on population forecasts by the National Statistical Office and on age-cohort analyses of cancer incidence data from the population-based cancer registry of the Saarland. Due to dramatic demographic changes and increasing age-specific cancer incidence rates, the average yearly number of total incident cases of malignant neoplasms is projected to increase by 63.1% between 1983-1987 and 1998-2002 in men, with the strongest increase projected for colon cancer (+114.6%). In women, a modest increase (+7.1%) is projected for all malignant neoplasms, with stronger increases for colon cancer (+50.1%), lung cancer (+44%) and breast cancer (+27.4%), whereas decreasing annual numbers of cases are projected for cervical cancer (-51.6%), stomach cancer (-18.5%) and endometrial cancer (-10.2%). The results provide a quantitative basis for health care planning in the Saarland. They may also serve as a rough guide for other parts of Germany for which reliable cancer incidence data are not available.
 ...
PMID:[Projection of new cancer diseases to the year 2002--a contribution to health planning in public health by the Saarland cancer registry]. 811 Nov 63

Records of 120 patients with two and 16 with three primary cancers were evaluated. There were 49 males and 71 females among the double primaries with ages ranging from 27-102 years (average 68 years at the time of fist cancer). Of 35 breast cancer patients 16 new primaries developed in the opposite breast and other sites including four colon, three lung, and three endometrium. Of 20 colon cancer patients second primaries occurred in 11 sites most commonly colon (four) and lung (three). The frequency of second primaries may be skewed by the fact that patients with lethal cancers did not live long enough to develop them. This is borne out by the fact that 74 of the 120 patients were alive at the time of the study, implying a highly favorable group of patients. The interval between primaries was longer in females than males (P < 0.05) and this difference disappeared when breast and endometrial cancer were eliminated. When age was evaluated as a factor younger patients appeared to have a longer interval between primaries (P = 0.24) and this became significant for breast patients under age 55 years (91 months vs. 36 months) (P < 0.05). The stage of the second breast primary bore no relationship to the interval between primaries.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of multiple primary cancers in a single institution. 812 Nov 92

Between 1983 and 1992 in greater Milan, Italy, staff at the Italian National Cancer Institute, several university hospitals, and the Ospedale Maggiore collected data on women under 75 years old with various forms of cancer. Researchers aggregated the cancer data as well as data on women with no cancer from various medical facilities to examine the effect of reproductive factors on the risks of various cancers. They controlled for age, education, use of oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement treatments, and some various reproductive factors. Parity increased the relative risk (RR) of developing liver cancer (RR for women with =or 4 births vs. nulliparae = 3.3; p .05) and of developing cervical cancer (RR = 4.1 p .01). Multiparity appeared to exert a protective effect against breast cancer (RR = .8), endometrial cancer (RR = .7), and ovarian cancer (RR = .8) (p .05 for all 3 cancers). The older the women were at 1st birth, the greater the RR of developing breast cancer (RR - 1.4 for age 25-29 and 1.5 for =or age 30 vs. 25 years; p .01). On the other hand, the RR of developing cervical cancer decreased with increasing age at 1st birth (RR = 0.7 for age 25-29 and 0.6 for =or age 30; p .05). Miscarriages exerted a significant trend only on ovarian cancer (RR = 0.7 for =or 2; p .05 for the trend), but at least 2 miscarriages also appeared to protect against endometrial cancer (RR = 0.6; p .05). Induced abortions exerted a strong protective effect against endometrial cancer (RR = .05 for at least 1 abortion; p .01 for the trend [X = 17.49]). They also had a protective effect against colon cancer (RR = 0.4 for at least 2 abortions; p .05) and breast cancer (RR = 0.8; p .05). On the other hand, induced abortions increased the RR of developing cervical cancer (RR = 1.5 for at least 1 abortion; p .01 for the trend [X = 13.61]). These findings provide a quantitative data set on the positive or negative longterm effect of reproductive factors on cancer risk.
 ...
PMID:Long-term impact of reproductive factors on cancer risk. 842 57

To quantify the risk of second primary cancers among patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma, we studied 20,354 patients in the Swedish Cancer Register during 1958-88. A second primary cancer was reported in 1605 patients, compared with an expected number of 1109.5 [standardised incidence ratio (SIR) = 1.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38-1.52]. The highest risk was found among patients younger than 60 years. The greatest risk was seen during the first year after diagnosis (SIR = 1.91, CI = 1.69-2.14), but even after long-term follow-up--15 years or more--the risk was still significantly elevated (SIR = 1.56, CI = 1.35-1.79). The strongest association was found for a second primary malignant melanoma (men, SIR = 10.0, CI = 8.26-12.00; women, SIR = 8.66, CI = 7.22-10.30) and non-melanoma skin cancer (men, SIR = 3.58, CI = 2.85-4.44; women, SIR = 2.41, CI = 1.71-3.29). The risk of second cancers associated with tissues of neuroectodermal origin was increased, especially tumours of the nervous system (men, SIR = 1.73, CI = 1.10-2.60; women, SIR = 2.03, CI = 1.45-2.78). The SIR of second cancers involving the immune system was also increased. An excess risk of endometrial cancer was seen (SIR = 1.41, CI = 1.03-1.88), but no significant associations existed for cancers of the breast, ovary, testis or other endocrine glands. Among tumours of the digestive tract, only colon cancer in men had a significantly increased SIR (1.33, CI = 1.00-1.74).
 ...
PMID:Second primary cancers in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma: a population-based study in Sweden. 854 16

Selection of cells for resistance to cisplatin, a well-recognized mutagen, could result in mutations in genes involved in DNA mismatch repair and thereby to resistance to DNA-alkylating agents. Parental cells of the human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell line 2008 expressed hMLH1 when analyzed with immunoblot. One subline selected for resistance to cisplatin (2008/A) expressed no hMLH1, whereas another (2008/C13*5.25) expressed parental levels. Microsatellite instability was readily demonstrated in 2008/A cells but not in 2008 and in 2008/C13*5.25 cells. In addition, the 2008/A cells were 2-fold resistant to methyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine and had a 65-fold elevated mutation rate at the HPRT locus as compared to 2008 cells, both of which are consistent with the loss of DNA mismatch repair in these cells. To determine whether the loss of DNA mismatch repair itself contributes to cisplatin resistance, studies were carried out in isogenic pairs of cell lines proficient or defective in this function. HCT116, a human colon cancer cell line deficient in hMLH1 function, was 2-fold resistant to cisplatin when compared to a subline complemented with chromosome 3 and expressing hMLH1. Similarly, the human endometrial cancer cell line HEC59, which expresses no hMSH2, was 2-fold resistant to cisplatin when compared to a subline complemented with chromosome 2 that expresses hMSH2. Therefore, the selection of cells for resistance to cisplatin can result in the loss of DNA mismatch repair, and loss of DNA mismatch repair in turn contributes to resistance to cisplatin.
 ...
PMID:Loss of DNA mismatch repair in acquired resistance to cisplatin. 867 66

As more women are living longer, there is an increasing need for women to discuss hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with their physicians. This task is complicated by areas of scientific uncertainty and evolving data concerning the risks and benefits of HRT. Benefits of HRT that are supported by strong scientific evidence include relief from menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes, prevention of osteoporosis, cardioprotective effects, relief of urogenital atrophy, and decreased urinary incontinence. Benefits supported by observational evidence include improvement of emotional lability and depression, improved sense of well-being in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, increased dermal and total skin thickness, improved verbal memory skills, and decreased risk of colon cancer. Risks to consider include a possible increase in the incidence of breast cancer and an increase in endometrial cancer in women who have an intact uterus and do not receive a progestin. Women in various risk groups, such as those at risk for coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, or breast cancer, must consider the risk-to-benefit ratio for their own individual circumstances.
 ...
PMID:Current concepts in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. 869 Nov 83

We analyzed cancer incidence and mortality in a cohort of 22,597 Swedish women who were prescribed replacement hormones. After 13 years of follow-up in national registries, 2,330 incident cancer cases and 848 cancer deaths were observed. Overall, our results were reassuring since incidence rate ratios (SIRs) for 16 cancer sites and mortality ratios (SMRs) for all 10 examined sites were at, or lower than, unity. However, we found that exposure to an estrogen-progestin combined brand was associated with an increasing relative risk of breast cancer with follow-up time, the SIR reaching 1.4 (95% CI 1.1-1.8) after 10 years of follow-up. The relative risk of endometrial cancer was substantially increased, with the highest SIR of 5.0 (95% CI 1.6-5.9) in women prescribed estrogens alone, whereas those given an estrogen-progestin combination showed no elevation in risk. The risk estimates for liver and biliary tract cancers and for colon cancer were reduced by about 40%, notably in women prescribed the estradiol-progestin compound. Further detailed analyses revealed no evidence of adverse or protective effects on the risk of ovarian, uterine cervical, vulvar/vaginal, rectal, pancreatic, renal, lung, thyroid and other endocrine cancers, brain tumors, malignant melanoma or other skin cancers. Hormone replacement therapy was not associated with an increase in mortality for any cancer site, at this time of follow-up. For breast and endometrial cancers, SMRs were below baseline but tended to increase with follow-up time. We conclude that hormone replacement increases the endometrial-cancer risk after unopposed estrogens and the breast-cancer risk-notably after estrogen-progestin combined therapy-and tentatively suggest that it exerts a protective effect against colon and liver cancer risks.
 ...
PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality in women receiving estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy--long-term follow-up of a Swedish cohort. 870 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>