Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Five patients with multiple cancers that included hematologic malignancies are described. The incidence of multiple cancers in hematologic malignancies has been 8.8% in the past two and a half years at our hospital. The combinations were: 1) primary bilateral breast cancers and acute monocytic leukemia; 2) breast cancer, malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 3) malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 4) malignant lymphoma and prostate cancer, and 5) colon cancer and multiple myeloma. Our experience suggests an increasing incidence of multiple cancer in hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:[A report of five cases of multiple cancer with hematologic malignancies]. 386 85

Human monocyte derived macrophages obtained from both normal donors and cancer patients can carry out antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to human tumor targets. The macrophages from breast and hematologic cancer patients with Stage I, II or III disease and colon cancer patients with Stage III disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages from normal donors. In contrast, the macrophages from colon cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. Macrophages from head and neck cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages obtained from normal donors. In contrast, macrophages obtained from head and neck cancer patients with Stage III disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. It must also be noted that individual patients did not always conform to the group pattern.
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PMID:A comparison of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic potential in macrophages obtained from normal donors and cancer patients. 391 Aug 83

Monocyte derived macrophages from breast and gynecologic cancer patients generally do not acquire enhanced cytotoxicity for human tumor cells after incubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whereas the macrophages isolated from colon and hematologic cancer patients are cytotoxic. However, it was also found that 75% of the patients possessing cytotoxic macrophages also had a plasma factor which suppressed macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. The plasma inhibitory factor obtained from a colon cancer patient was purified utilizing Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and 4 fractions (A, B, C and D) with inhibitory activity, were isolated. When a plasma sample obtained from a colon cancer patient found to be lacking the inhibitor of macrophage cytotoxicity was fractionated, 2 fractions were isolated with inhibitory activity. These fractions corresponded to fractions A and C of the inhibitory sample. Pooled AB+ serum was also fractionated and no inhibitory fractions could be isolated. The inhibitory factors were further characterized and it was found that fractions A and B appear to be inhibitors of lysosomal enzyme activity and fraction C appears to be an inhibitor of protease activity. When the plasma from cancer patients known to possess an inhibitor of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity was examined for the presence of fraction A, B, C and D, it was found that every colon cancer patient studied possessed inhibitors A, B, C and D. Breast cancer patients possessed some combination of A, B and C but all lacked fraction D and the gynecologic cancer patients possessed some combination of factors A, B and D but they all lacked inhibitor C.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of cancer patients' macrophages for tumor cells: purification and characterization of plasma inhibitory factors obtained from colon cancer patients. 634 Dec 66

Recently an increase of the elderly patients with hematological malignancies has been pointed out. We analyzed second malignancies in elderly patients with hematological malignancies (95 age 65 or more), and made a comparative study with non-elderly case for the past 5 years. Second malignancies were observed in 26 cases out of the total of 282 hematological malignancies (9.2%). The percentage of patients with second malignancies in the elderly group (19/95; 20%) was significantly higher than that of the non-elderly group (7/187; 3.7%). Among the all kinds of hematological malignancies, the second malignancies were mainly observed in cases with myelodysplastic syndrome and chronic myelo-proliferative disorder. Colon carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and lung carcinoma accounted for nearly half of all the second malignancies. On 11 of the 26 cases with second malignancies, the first malignancies had been treated with some anti-cancer drug such as alkylating agents. Development of a second cancer was greater in cases in which the first hematological malignancy was treated with alkylating agents more than in cases in which the first carcinoma was not treated with alkylating agents.
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PMID:[Elderly cases of hematological malignancies with second malignancies]. 823 Jul 94

A medical emergency, the detection of subcutaneous emphysema requires thorough evaluation to exclude the multitude of disease processes that may demonstrate this clinical finding. Gas gangrene must be considered in the differential diagnosis of all forms of subcutaneous emphysema and infections with some species, such as C. novyi, may not produce gas at all. Isolation of C. septicum from the blood is almost always associated with colon cancer or hematologic malignancies. Nonclostridial gas gangrene in diabetic patients is indistinguishable clinically from clostridial gas gangrene. A unique and true dermatologic emergency is the detection of nontraumatic subcutaneous emphysema of the thigh with or without associated erythema, tenderness, or bullous lesions. This finding is associated with perforated viscus in a retroperitoneal location. Infections with gas-producing organisms continue to be a source of significant morbidity in modern times.
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PMID:Subcutaneous emphysema. 871 76

The occurrence of multiple malignancy was studied in 674 patients with hematologic malignancies who were admitted to this department during the past 10 years. Of the 674 patients, 205 were aged 65 years or older, and 56 (8.3%) had another cancer. The frequency of multiple malignancy was significantly higher in older patients than in younger patients: 44 (21.5%) vs. 12 (2.6%). The major hematologic conditions in patients with multiple malignancy were multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic myelogenous leukemia. The major sites of cancers other than hematological malignancies were the stomach, colon, breast, and esophagus. Many of the older patients had gastric cancer or colon cancer, and gastric cancer was common in the younger patients. The multiple malignant neoplasms were synchronous in as many as 20 of the 44 older patients. There was only one such case among the younger patients. Of the 56 patients, nine had received alkylating agents, and one has received etoposide. In brief, elderly patients with hematologic malignancies are likely to have multiple malignant neoplasms. If they are synchronous, the patient's prognosis may be adversely affected, because simultaneous management of multiple malignant neoplasms is not easy.
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PMID:[Double cancer in elderly patients with hematologic malignancies]. 875 14

Using data from a case-control study in the United States (the Selected Cancers Study), we examined the relationship between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and family history of different cancers. Cases were 1,511 men aged 31 to 59 years and diagnosed pathologically with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma during 1984-88. Controls were men, frequency-matched to cases by age range and cancer registry (n = 1,910). All study subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were excluded from analyses. Our results showed that the risk of NHL is associated with a history of lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-5.2) and hematologic cancer (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.4) in first-degree relatives after adjustment for age, ethnic background, and educational level. Further analyses were performed for the subgroups defined by age at diagnosis (younger than 45 years cf 45 years or older). The association of NHL with a family history of lymphoma and hematologic cancer was found primarily among men aged 45 and older (OR = 4.1, CI = 1.9-8.8 for lymphoma and OR = 2.3, CI = 1.3-4.0 for hematologic cancer). The association among men aged 45 and older did not vary by whether or not there were any familial patients diagnosed at the age of 45 or older. No significant associations could be found for a family history of lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, skin cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, brain cancer, thyroid cancer, or myeloma. This study suggests that the familial risk of NHL is influenced primarily by hematolymphoproliferative malignancies rather than other cancers. The familial effects of hematolymphoproliferative malignancies may be stronger for men aged 45 to 59, compared with those aged 31 to 44.
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PMID:Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and family history of malignant tumors in a case-control study (United States). 948 66

INTRODUCTION: Mucositis induced by antineoplastic drugs is an important, dose-limiting, and costly side effect of cancer therapy. The ulcerative lesions produced by mucotoxic chemoradiotherapy are painful, restrict oral intake and, importantly, act as sites of secondary infection and portals of entry for the endogenous oral flora. The overall frequency of mucositis varies and is influenced by the patient's diagnosis, age, level of oral health, and type, dose, and frequency of drug administration. Some degree of mucositis occurs in approximately 40% of patients who receive cancer chemotherapy. Approximately one-half of those individuals develop lesions of such severity as to require modification of their cancer treatment and/or parenteral analgesia. The condition's incidence is consistently higher among patients undergoing conditioning therapy for bone marrow/peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation, continuous infusion therapy for breast and colon cancer, and therapy for tumors of the head and neck associating concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Among patients in the high-risk protocols, severe mucositis occurs with a frequency in excess of 60%. Concomitant with mucositis is often a chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. The neutropenia that results puts the patient with oral mucositis at significant risk for systemic infection. Patients with mucositis and neutropenia have a relative risk of septicemia that is greater than four times that of individuals without mucositis. The morbidity of all mucositis can be profound. It is estimated that approximately 15% of patients treated with radical radiotherapy to the oral cavity and oral pharynx will require hospitalization for treatment-related complication. In addition, severe oral mucositis may interfere with the ability to deliver the intended course of therapy, leading to significant interruptions in treatment, and possibly impacting on local tumor control and patient survival. It is also not unusual for mucositis to necessitate delays in cancer chemotherapy particularly with those agents that are known to be mucotoxic, including 5-fluorouracil with or without folinic acid, methotrexate, doxorubicin, etoposide, melphalan, cytosine arabinoside and cyclophosphamide. In addition to its impact on a patient's treatment course, on quality of life, and morbidity and mortality, mucositis can also have a significant economic cost. This is particularly true in the autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplant settings for hematologic malignancies, where the length of hospital stay may be prolonged due to severe mucositis.
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PMID:Mucositis: Its Occurrence, Consequences, and Treatment in the Oncology Setting. 1038 37

Over the last decade, the critical role of the proteasome in cell-cycle regulation has become increasingly apparent. The proteasome, a multicatalytic protease present in all eukaryotic cells, is the primary component of the protein degradation pathway of the cell. By degrading regulatory proteins (or their inhibitors), the proteasome serves as a central conduit for many cellular regulatory signals and, thus, is a novel target for therapeutic drugs. PS-341 is a small molecule that is a potent and selective inhibitor of the proteasome. In vitro and mouse xenograft studies of PS-341 have shown antitumor activity in a variety of tumor types, including myeloma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colon cancer, among others. Although PS-341 rapidly leaves the vascular compartment, a novel pharmacodynamic assay has shown that inhibition of proteasome-the biologic target-is dose dependent and reversible. These studies provided the rationale for a twice-weekly dosing schedule employed in ongoing clinical studies. Phase I trials in a variety of tumor types have shown PS-341 to be well tolerated, and phase II trials in several hematologic malignancies and solid tumor types are now in progress. Efficacy and safety data from the most advanced of these, a phase II multicenter trial in myeloma, will be available in early 2002.
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PMID:Development of the proteasome inhibitor PS-341. 1185 43

The demonstration of increased angiogenesis in cancer pathogenesis prompted the use of thalidomide in both solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Its broad spectrum of actions besides its antiangiogenic potential, specifically, its immunomodulatory properties, antiinflammatory actions, and direct effect on tumor cells and their microenvironment, provides an alternative strategy in the armamentarium against cancer. Thalidomide is being evaluated for treatment of hematologic cancers like multiple myeloma and myelodysplasia, and solid tumors like lung, breast, renal, and colon cancer. Thalidomide analogues, the immunomodulatory drugs have increased potency and have demonstrated efficacy and reduced toxicity in phase I and II clinical studies. This article reviews both laboratory-based and clinical studies with thalidomide and the immunomodulatory drugs and their application in different cancers.
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PMID:Thalidomide and immunomodulatory drugs as cancer therapy. 1240 54


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