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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Use of calcium supplements has increased dramatically in recent years yet little is known about the effect of calcium supplementation on colon physiology. We supplemented 22 individuals with a history of resected adenocarcinoma of the colon, but currently free of cancer, with 2000 or 3000 mg calcium for 16 wk. The effects of supplementation on duodenal bile acids and important fecal characteristics including total fecal output, wet and dry weight, pH, bile acids (in solids and in fecal water), and concentrations and total excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphates (organic and inorganic), unesterified fatty acids and total fat were determined. Calcium supplementation significantly decreased the proportion of water in the stool (P = 0.03), doubled fecal excretion of calcium (P = 0.006), and increased excretion of organic phosphate (P = 0.035) but not magnesium. Calcium supplementation significantly decreased the proportion of chenodeoxycholic acid in bile (P = 0.007) and decreased the ratio of lithocholate to deoxycholate in feces (P = 0.06). The concentration of primary bile acids in fecal water decreased after 16 wk Ca supplementation. Together with other reports of a "healthier" bile acid profile with respect to colon cancer when changes such as those observed in this study were achieved, these results suggest a protective effect of calcium supplementation against this disease.
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PMID:Calcium supplementation modifies the relative amounts of bile acids in bile and affects key aspects of human colon physiology. 861 39

We report on a patient with colon cancer and a very high serum alpha-fetoprotein level. This 75-yr-old man presented with right lower quadrant abdominal pain. An abdominal CT scan as well as ultrasonography showed a tumor in the cecum. Serum alpha-fetoprotein level was extremely high (3,070 ng/ml). At laparotomy, a large mass was found in the cecum, and a right hemicolectomy was performed. Histological examination, including immunohistochemical study, showed an adenocarcinoma of the colon producing alpha-fetoprotein.
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PMID:Colon cancer with a high serum alpha-fetoprotein level. 863 53

A 68-year-old woman presented with transverse colon cancer invading the liver, duodenum, and pancreas. The patient underwent a curative resection including a right hemicolectomy, partial hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The pathological examination showed adenocarcinoma of the colon with a direct extension into the duodenum, liver, and pancreas. Several lymph nodes were also involved. The patient is still alive and disease-free 2 years and 6 months after the operation. This case illustrates that even in patients with locally advanced colon cancer, a favorable prognosis can be obtained by aggressive surgery incorporating the resection of the adjacent involved organs.
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PMID:A case of transverse colon cancer secondarily involving the liver, duodenum, and pancreas. 868 Jan 19

The association between food groupings and adenocarcinoma of the colon was investigated in a population-based case-control study of men and women ages 30-62 years. Colon cancer cases (238 men and 186 women) diagnosed from 1985 to 1989 were identified from the Seattle-Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Registry. Controls (224 men and 190 women) were selected using a random digit telephone dialing method. Dietary information was gathered using an 80-item food frequency questionnaire. Foods were grouped and analyzed by quartile of intake, with adjustment for age and total energy intake. Among women, a reduced risk of colon cancer was associated with a high intake of fruits and vegetables [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for highest versus lowest quartile, 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.26-0.86; P for trend, P = 0.02]. Inverse associations were also observed for the consumption of total (hot and cold) cereals (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25-0.91; P = 0.05), dairy products (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.21-0.79; P = 0.05), and water (OR for > 5 glasses/day versus < or = 2 glass/day, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.31-0.99; P = 0.004). Among men, colon cancer risk was inversely associated with the intake of breads and cereals (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.22-0.82; P = 0.02) and hot cereal (OR for weekly versus never eating, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.87; P = 0.01). Water consumption was marginally associated with a decreased colon cancer risk among men as well (OR for > 4 glasses/day versus < or = 1 glass/day, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.38-1.22; P = 0.16). Total meat consumption was associated with an increased risk of distal colon cancer among men (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.08-4.48; P = 0.01). These results were not confounded by body mass index or other measured health behaviors. Results of this research support previous findings which associate intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, and dairy products with reduced colon cancer risk, and meat intake with an increased colon cancer risk. This study also reports a new finding of a possible inverse association of water consumption (glasses of plain water per day) with colon cancer risk.
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PMID:Relationship of food groups and water intake to colon cancer risk. 926 83

Recently, a variety of studies in vivo as well as in vitro have demonstrated that gastrointestinal hormones can influence the rate of proliferation of neoplastic cells. The widespread use of omeprazole, which increases serum gastrin, coupled with the findings that omeprazole causes gastric carcinoid tumors in rats and that a significant number of patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon have increased serum gastrin have focussed attention on the relationship between gastrin and colon cancer. In the present paper, we have reviewed the experimental findings in humans, experimental animals, and colon cancer cells in tissue culture that bear on the possible relationships between gastrin and colon cancer. Based on these findings, we have proposed two hypotheses that can account for the increased serum gastrin that occurs in some patients with colon cancer.
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PMID:Gastrin and colon cancer: a unifying hypothesis. 903 Apr 65

Synchronous lymphoma and adenocarcinoma of the colon are extremely rare. A 32-year-old woman was referred to us for colon cancer. Investigations revealed two primary tumors, one in the cecum and the other in the sigmoid colon. Subtotal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis was performed. Histology revealed the cecal tumor to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, diffuse small cell type with plasmacytoid features. The sigmoid colon tumor was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively for lymphoma but died of recurrent disease after 17 months.
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PMID:Synchronous adenocarcinoma and lymphoma of the colon. 916 78

Our objective was to determine whether colorectal cancer tissue synthesizes and secretes biologically active gastrins resulting in a rise of gastrin levels in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon. Blood samples for gastrin determination were taken from the artery feeding, and from the vein draining colon tumors, from a vein draining an uninvolved colon segment and from a peripheral vein. Tissue gastrin levels were measured in tumor tissues and normal mucosa taken by colonoscopic biopsy from colon cancer patients and healthy controls. The setting was a university hospital research laboratory. We had seventeen patients with colorectal cancer and 23 controls. No significant difference was found in peripheral venous blood gastrin levels between the cancer and the control groups. Serum gastrin concentration was not significantly different in the arterial blood which supplied the tumor area, the venous blood draining the tumor, the "uninvolved" mucosa or the control normal epithelium. Cancer tissue gastrin levels were lower than those measured in biopsies of uninvolved mucosa from cancer patients and normal controls. The present results show no rise of gastrin blood levels in patients with colon cancer, nor any evidence of gastrin-increased synthesis by the tumors.
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PMID:Gastrin levels in colorectal cancer. 931 88

Guanylin is a mammalian peptide ligand that binds to the enterocyte receptor guanylyl cyclase C and mediates Cl- and HCO3- efflux via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. To identify the regional localization of guanylin mRNA in the human intestine, we performed in situ hybridization using a guanylin-specific riboprobe. The pattern of guanylin mRNA distribution is complex and includes all epithelial lineages at various points along the duodenal-to-colonic axis. Guanylin mRNA expression is most prominent in the distal small intestine and colon. In the normal colon, guanylin mRNA is robustly expressed in superficial epithelial cells; in colorectal adenocarcinoma, however, guanylin mRNA expression is absent. Guanylin mRNA is detectable in several intestinal tumor cell lines, although at much lower levels than those seen in the human intestine. The pattern of guanylin expression is consistent with the possibility of region-specific functions for guanylin within the human intestine. Furthermore, the diminished expression of guanylin mRNA in adenocarcinoma of the colon and in colon cancer cell lines, along with the chromosomal localization of guanylin to the tumor modifier region 1p34-35, raises the possibility that loss of guanylin activity leads to or is a result of adenocarcinoma formation.
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PMID:Guanylin mRNA expression in human intestine and colorectal adenocarcinoma. 946 Nov 26

After many years, during which the assumption prevailed that adjuvant chemotherapy was of no benefit in patients with resectable adenocarcinoma of the colon, findings of several large USA studies published from the late 1980s have caused a marked shift in surgical and medical opinion. Although results in patients with Dukes' B disease have not shown any clear benefit, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy has nevertheless been shown in those with Dukes' C colon cancer. As a result, the Mayo regimen of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with low-dose leucovorin (LV) has become accepted as standard adjuvant therapy in these patients. However, the disadvantages associated with standard 5-FU-based treatment, particularly those relating to its toxicity and inconvenience of administration, have generated interest in other regimens and agents. The novel direct and specific thymidylate synthase inhibitor raltitrexed ('Tomudex') has been associated with similar objective response rates to standard therapy with 5-FU plus LV in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. In addition, raltitrexed has an attractive tolerability profile compared with that of 5-FU plus LV (specifically with respect to lower incidences of mucositis and leucopenia), and the simple 3-weekly administration schedule may be considered more convenient by many patients and may reduce healthcare resource consumption. To investigate alternatives to the Mayo regimen in the adjuvant treatment of Dukes' C adenocarcinoma of the colon, two large European trials have been set up: (1) PETACC-1 (first Pan-European Trial for Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer), to compare raltitrexed with the Mayo regimen of 5-FU and low-dose LV; (2) PETACC-2 (second Pan-European Trial), to compare the Mayo regimen with three regimens in which 5-FU is given by prolonged infusion. These trials will provide valuable international data to add to those from the USA and will assess the place of raltitrexed in the adjuvant treatment of Dukes' C colon cancer. They will also compare directly for the first time infusional and bolus 5-FU regimens in the adjuvant setting.
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PMID:The establishment of a large collaborative trial programme in the adjuvant treatment of colon cancer. 957 52

Previous studies of workers exposed to wood dusts have shown a decreased risk of cancer of the colon in these workers. However, none of these studies adequately controlled for potential confounders, such as physical activity, diet, and family history of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate the association between exposure to wood dust and risk for colon cancer after adjusting for potential confounders. Four hundred nineteen male cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon, identified from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program, were individually matched to neighborhood controls based on gender and date of birth. Exposure to wood dust was associated with reduced risk of colon cancer that was partially masked before adjustment for confounders, and was limited to workers with frequent exposures that had begun at least 30 years before diagnosis [unadjusted and adjusted ORs, respectively, to exposures 5+ times a week beginning 30+ years before diagnosis = 0.63 (95% CI 0.36-1.13) and 0.39 (95% CI 0.20-0.77)]. This study provides additional evidence that heavy exposure to wood dusts may be associated with reduced risk of colon cancer in males after adjustment for other known causes of colon cancer.
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PMID:Wood-dust exposures and cancer of the colon. 1002 79


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