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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cause of adenocarcinoma of the colon has not been proven and a viral association has not been reported with this disease. A sensitive biochemical technique for the detection of viral nucleic acid was used to determine whether one type of herpesvirus, namely a human strain of cytomegalovirus, was uniquely present in tumour tissue. 24 specimens of colon, obtained at surgery from 14 patients, were analysed by membrane CR.N.A.-D.N.A. hybridisation. 4 of 7 tumours of the colon were definitely positive for C.M.V. D.N.A. (2greater than or equal to 2 genome-equivalents/cell), or repeatedly showed more than 1 genome-equivalent/cell. Macroscopically normal colon 5 cm from the tumour, as well as histologically normal and abnormal colon from a control population with Crohn's disease were uniformly negative for C.M.V. D.N.A., except for 1 specimen which was macroscopically normal tissue from a patient with carcinoma of the colon. Among patients with conditions that predispose to adenocarcinoma of the colon, 1 of 2 patients with familial polyposis and 1 of 3 with ulcerative colitis harboured in their colon greater than or equal to 2 genome-equivalents of C.M.V. D.N.A. per cell, and another ulcerative colitis patient had 1-2 genome-equivalents/cell.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus D.N.A. and adenocarcinoma of the colon: Evidence for latent viral infection. 7 90

A study to determine the frequency of metastases to the adrenal glands following carcinoma of the colon and rectum was undertaken. Patients with, or without, adrenal spread were compared regarding age, sex, race and survival time. The over-all metastatic pattern was analyzed to determine its usefulness for predicting the presence of metastases to the adrenal glands. Autopsy reports and clinical records of patients with adrenal spread were reviewed regarding the extent of tumor involvement in the glands and possible adrenal insufficiency. Of 457 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum who underwent autopsy, 63 or 14% had metastasis to the adrenal glands. Of these, 29 had bilateral involvement. Patients with bilateral metastases had a lower median age than did those without adrenal spread. No correlation was found between adrenal metastatic status and sex or race. Although survival time was found to be shorter for patients with bilateral metastases of the adrenal glands, adrenal insufficiency did not seem to be the reason for this shorter survival time. In retrospect, however, the presence of adrenal insufficiency could not be ruled out in several of these patients. Eight sites were studied with regard to whether or not metastatic involvement in a specific site might indicate a higher risk for simultaneous metastases to the adrenal glands. It was found for all sites that, when involved, there was a higher frequency of metastases to the adrenals than if free of tumor. Metastases especially above the diaphragm indicated a considerable risk for adrenal involvement. Different sites were combined in groups and studied in the same way. It was found that the more sites involved, the higher the relative chance of metastases to the adrenals. It was suggested that the results presented may be useful in predicting the relative chance of adrenal metastases in patients with advanced carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
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PMID:Ths significance of metastases to the adrenal glands in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. 84 9

Colonoscopic lavage was performed for assay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentration in patients with small and large colonic adenomas, in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon, and in normal controls. CEA concentration was considerably higher in colonoscopic lavage as compared to plasma. CEA concentration in normal controls and in patients with colonic adenomas less than 1 cm in size were not significantly different. CEA concentrations in patients with colonic adenomas greater than 1 cm in size and in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon were significantly higher than those observed in patients with small adenomas and in the normal controls. In all except 2 patients, plasma CEA concentrations were normal. Assay of CEA concentrations in colonic lavage may have potential application in the further assessment of the mucosa at risk for colon adenomas and for colon cancer. It does not appear to be accurate enough for diagnosis of colon cancer in individual patients.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic lavage. 89 76

A technique of passive hemagglutination inhibition (PHI) has been used to monitor levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human sera following surgical therapy. CEA was coupled to human type O-negative erythrocytes in the presence of bis-diazotized benzidine. Pre-operative and post-operative sera from 11 patients with primary adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and from one patient with ulcerative colitis were then tested for their capacity to inhibit the agglutination of the sensitized cells in the presence of a predetermined amount of goat anti-CEA serum. Positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8. The pre-operative sera from 11 of the 12 patients inhibited agglutination at dilutions of 1:16 or greater. The one negative serum was from a patient with primary adenocarcinoma of the colon in the stage of Dukes' C. At one month post-resection, the PHI titer of six patients with colon cancer and of the patient with ulcerative colitis was less than or equal to 1:8. However, by 4 months post-resection, all but 3 of the patients had PHI titers in the positive range. These elevated titers were accompanied by recurrence of tumor growth and/or metastatic dissemination. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate CEA in 22 of the sera which had been tested by PHI. When positive sera were defined as those which inhibited agglutination at dilutions of greater than 1:8 and contained CEA in excess of 5 ng per ml, the results of the two procedures were in agreement for 17 of the 22 specimens. Five sera, representative of 2 patients with colon cancer, were false negative by PHI.
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PMID:Use of a passive hemagglutination inhibition test for monitoring levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen following surgical therapy. 94 51

Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) have been postulated to contribute to the development of various carcinomas, including colon cancer. Indeed, the effects of ROM scavengers are being tested for chemoprevention of adenocarcinoma of the colon. However, there has been no evidence to indicate that high levels of ROM are indeed present in cancerous tissue. In this study, we used a chemiluminescence probe to estimate ROM levels in cancerous and neighboring noncancerous colonic tissues from seven patients with colon cancer. Cancerous tissues contained significantly (p less than 0.05) more luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (4,808 +/- 2,282 counts/min/mg protein) than neighboring noncancerous tissues (2,175 +/- 1,111). The addition of an ROM scavenger, catalase (2, 4, and 8 micrograms/ml), to the tissue suspension inhibited chemiluminescence produced by both noncancerous (-74%, -85%, and -71%) and cancerous (-11%, -61%, and -53%) tissues. This study shows that colonic cancerous tissue contains high levels of ROM, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of colon cancer.
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PMID:High levels of reactive oxygen metabolites in colon cancer tissue: analysis by chemiluminescence probe. 133 90

The objective of this study was to determine whether racial differences exist with regard to the anatomical distribution of adenocarcinoma of the colon. We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients with primary colon cancer seen during a 12-year period (1976 to 1987) identified by the Rush Tumor Registry. The setting was a large, tertiary-care, private medical center, located in the inner city of Chicago, Ill. A chi 2 unpaired Student's t test of association was performed to detect any statistically significant difference in the anatomical sites of distribution between blacks and whites. A statistically significant percentage of black patients had proximally located primary colon lesions compared with white patients. This observation was independent of the actual anatomical definition of right-sided or proximal colon lesions. These findings suggest that a significant percentage of black and white patients are less likely to be diagnosed with colon cancer at a more curable stage, when abiding by the current screening guidelines of the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute. The impact is greater on black patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon.
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PMID:Racial differences in the anatomical distribution of colon cancer. 141 93

Metastatic tumors to the oral cavity are uncommon. Most of these cases involve the mandible or the maxilla. Rarely, metastasis occurs to the oral soft tissues from a distant primary tumor. The lung and breast are the most common primary sites. It is extremely rare to have an oral soft-tissue metastasis from a carcinoma of the colon. A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the colon with metastasis to the soft tissues of the mouth is described. Three similar case reports are reviewed. A metastatic lesion to the oral cavity could be the first indication of the presence of a primary tumor.
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PMID:Metastatic colon carcinoma to oral soft tissues. 144 Jan 37

From 1962 to 1988, 50 of 801 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum treated at the National Naval Medical Center were less than 40 years old. Symptoms were present in 47 of the younger patients at presentation. The mean duration of time from the onset of symptoms to diagnosis in this group was 4.9 months. Risk factors for carcinoma of the colon and rectum were identified in 14 of 50 patients less than 40 years old. A significantly greater proportion of patients less than 40 years old had Stage C disease compared with the older group of patients (42 versus 22 per cent, p = 0.014). Stage B disease was more common in patients more than 40 years of age (44.8 versus 26.0 per cent, p = 0.014). The proportion of patients with Stages A and D disease was similar in both age groups. The cumulative survival rate in this group at five and ten years was 43 and 34 per cent, respectively. The five year survival rate in patients less than 40 years old with Stage B disease was 76 per cent and with Stage C disease, 37 per cent. All young patients with Stage D disease were dead at 28 months. Synchronous and metachronous carcinomas of the colon and rectum were uncommon in patients less than 40 years old. Patients less than 40 years of age with carcinoma of the colon and rectum are usually symptomatic and have advanced disease at the time of presentation. Survival time for these patients for each stage of disease is similar to the over-all population of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum in patients less than 40 years of age. 198 33

Reports on the incidence of synchronous carcinoma of the colon and rectum have varied from 2 to 11 per cent. The variability is a result of a lack of uniformity in criteria of diagnosis, differences in the population studied and differences in time period used. In this study, we evaluated the incidence and distribution of synchronous lesions during a recent time period before the use of colonoscopy became widespread. We reviewed the records of all patients with newly diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum who were operated upon at our institution between 1976 and 1981. In a total group of 1,000 patients of which 52 per cent were men, there were 54 patients or 5.4 per cent who had synchronous carcinomas. The group of patients with synchronous carcinomas were older than the group with nonsynchronous carcinomas (72.4 versus 68.8 years). There was also a higher incidence of associated benign polyps in the group with synchronous carcinomas (70 versus 30 per cent for a nonsynchronous carcinomas). The anatomic distribution of carcinomas of the colon and rectum in the group with synchronous lesions (111 in total) revealed a higher percentage of carcinomas located on the right side (29.7 versus 22.5 per cent), although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Synchronous carcinomas were located in nonadjacent segments of the colon in 37 per cent. There was no difference in stage between the groups with and without synchronous carcinomas. The preoperative identification of synchronous lesions by either colonoscopy or barium enema is important for the proper treatment of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Failure to locate these tumors may lead to the demise of the patient.
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PMID:Synchronous carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 221 32

The early detection and management of recurrence following curative resection for colorectal carcinoma can prolong survival. However, at the present time there is no consensus on the appropriate follow-up protocol for such patients. This investigation was undertaken to determine which tests and procedures are most useful in detecting recurrence and the frequency with which they should be employed. Another purpose of this study was to identify those patients at high risk for recurrence. Sixty-five patients who underwent curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were followed for at least two years or until recurrence. Thirty were classified as Duke's A carcinoma of the colon, 18 were Duke's B, and 17 were Duke's C. Mean follow-up was 44.9 months. The follow-up regimen consisted of clinical exam, liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, and chest x-ray every three months for the first two years postoperatively and every six months thereafter, and colonoscopy or barium enema and proctoscopy every six months for the first two years postoperatively and every year thereafter. Seventeen patients (26%) had a recurrence; 24% per cent of these developed within one year, 65 per cent developed within two years, 82 per cent developed within three years, and 94 per cent developed within four years of resection. Recurrence was detected by CEA in eight patients, chest x-ray in five, endoscopy in three, and laparotomy for small-bowel obstruction in one patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Postoperative surveillance of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 229 7


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