Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence and types of unusual nuclear structures (UNS) were examined based on the observation of randomly photographed 1,919 nuclei in total from the normal epithelium, dysplasia, Peutz-Jeghers type polyp, adenoma and carcinoma of the large bowel. These nuclear structures were classified as filamentous, granular and vesicular inclusions, and invaginated structures were also taken into consideration. Although all types of UNS were found in the normal epithelium, carcinoma cells had the most numerous UNS, especially of the invaginated type. The possible process of nuclear inclusion (NI) formation was discussed in connection with malignant transformation of colo-rectal epithelial cells.
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PMID:Nuclear changes in colo-rectal epithelium with special reference to nuclear inclusions in carcinoma, dysplasia, adenoma and Peutz-Jeghers polyps. 402 86

Invasive colon adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastases can be induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by 15 weekly intrarectal injections of 2 mg N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (NMU). Extracts were prepared from invasive adenocarcinomas and normal rat colon mucosa by a 2 phase gradient. Mixed leukocyte tumor interaction (MLTI) assays stimulating lymphocytes from tumor-bearing and normal rats were performed using these extracts. Quadruplicate cultures were established with 2 X 10(5) lymphocytes and tumor or normal colon extract. Cultures were pulsed with H3 thymidine at 7 days and harvested 6 hours later. Results were expressed as net counts (experimental CPM minus background CPM). Reactivity in tumor-bearing animals was first seen when rat colons showed intraepithelial dysplasia histologically and was maximal when early invasive colon tumors were present. No difference in stimulation was seen between tumor-bearing and normal animal lymphocyte reactivity with normal colon extract. In conclusion, animals with NMU-induced rat colon cancer show specific tumor reactivity in MLTI assays. Immune reactivity in these animals may provide clues to clinical tumor status by immunologic assay.
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PMID:Tumor specific reactivity during development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat colon cancer. 622 94

Ulcerative colitis is a highly premalignant condition, particularly when there is total colonic involvement with a disease duration of 10 or more years. Screening of appropriately selected individuals at risk for colon cancer by periodic surveillance for colonic dysplasia appears to be useful in detecting those lesions at an early treatable stage. The histology of dysplasia, a term reserved for epithelial changes that are unequivocally neoplastic, is still not completely defined, and requires a pathologist familiar with the lesion for its proper interpretation. There is a mildly increased risk of cancer of the colon and intestine in Crohn's disease, but screening of these patients does not appear to be clinically warranted.
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PMID:Dysplasia and malignancy in inflammatory bowel disease. 637 61

Upon autopsy of a 67-year-old male who died of recurrence and metastasis from a carcinoma of the colon, early esophageal carcinoma was found. Diffuse slight thickening and longitudinal linear thinning with brownish discoloration were found in the esophageal mucosa. Upon microscopical examination, the esophageal epithelium showed mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma. A diagram of the distribution of these lesions indicated that the carcinoma arose multicentrically in the lower two-third of the esophagus and always within, or adjacent to, the area of severe dysplasia.
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PMID:[A case with intramucosal carcinoma of the esophagus in widely expanding dysplasia--an autopsy case with simultaneous double-cancer of the esophagus and sigmoid colon]. 647 98

Ureterosigmoidostomy (US) is an acceptable procedure for urinary diversion. Despite problems with ascending pyelonephritis, anal incontinence, and recently a reported 100- to 500-fold increase in the incidence of colonic carcinoma, the popularity of US is predicted to increase. The records of 110 patients who have undergone US at our institution have been reviewed. Invasive colon cancer developed at the site of ureter implantation in three of these patients. All patients had rectal bleeding and obstipation as initial symptoms. We have located 17 of our US patients and all consented to colonoscopy and urologic follow-up. At colonoscopy 41% of these patients had one to three polyps (0.5 to 6 cm) involving or near the site of the US. No polyps were seen proximal to the US sites. Polyps were histologically defined as tubovillous adenomas or mixed tubovillous-transitional cell adenomas. A single patient with three 4 to 6 cm polyps had superficial adenocarcinoma found in two of the polyps. Recurrent polyps or dysplasia has not been found on follow-up examination. Despite the disadvantages of US, the likely increased popularity of this procedure mandates that all patients be followed regularly for polyps and cancer. Our data support the following recommendations: (1) surveillance colonoscopy should be started soon after US, and (2) conversion to an alternative diversion should be made if recurrent polyps, cancer, or dysplasia is found. Yearly colonoscopy and screening for occult blood must be part of the comprehensive follow-up on all patients after US.
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PMID:Value of colonoscopy after ureterosigmoidostomy. 648 15

Cancer will be found on colonoscopic biopsy in 11% of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis for over eight years' duration. Sixteen percent of patients with dysplasia will subsequently be found to have carcinoma of the colon. A total of 3% of patients in the high-risk group will have cancer of the colon. Endoscopic biopsies should be separated into those performed for diagnostic or surveillance purposes, so that meaningful and reproducible results will be obtained. Annual total colonoscopy and biopsies are recommended for surveillance purposes.
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PMID:Dysplasia and ulcerative colitis--a colonoscopic study. 658 81

Patients with ulcerative colitis provide a significant challenge to the primary care physician for a variety of reasons. Ulcerative colitis can be a severe or even fulminating disease or can be chronic, indolent, and therapeutically unresponsive. Patients afflicted with ulcerative colitis are often young, mobile, may have a suboptimal compliance with various forms of therapy, and may be lost to followup. Assessment of the individual therapeutic response as well as its relationship to the overall prognosis for a given patient may be difficult. Steroid side effects may also complicate the picture, leaving the patient the difficult alternative of total proctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. Added to these factors is the recognition that under 50 per cent of patients with ulcerative colitis will undergo surgery and the remainder will be at increased risk for the subsequent development of colonic carcinoma. Although there has been much recent emphasis on adequate and cost-effective surveillance techniques to detect early carcinoma of the colon in ulcerative colitis, clarification of the value of colonoscopy and the definition of dysplasia are relatively recent developments. That the medical literature is often confusing only adds to the complexity and clinical challenge. Finally, although the cancer problem has been dominant, the challenge to the clinician is to try to assist the patient afflicted with ulcerative colitis to attain a meaningful and productive role in society.
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PMID:Extended management of chronic ulcerative colitis and the problem of carcinoma. 702 93

A mother and son were found to have multiple juvenile polyps of the colon; later a metastatic adenocarcinoma of the large bowel developed in the mother. In both patients, histologic examination of the polyps did not reveal adenomas, but some of the juvenile polyps contained adenomatous-like elements. Because of the mother's history of colon cancer and the adenomatous features in some of the son's juvenile polyps, he underwent an elective subtotal colectomy. This family may represent a phenotype variation with features of both the juvenile and adenomatous polyposis syndromes and the presence of dysplasia of the glandular epithelium could be a marker of potential malignancy in patients with juvenile polyposis coli.
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PMID:Familial juvenile colonic polyposis with associated colon cancer. 705 58

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon with a high incidence of colon cancer. Dysplasia is a precursor to carcinoma and a predictor of malignant potential; epithelia containing high-grade or severe dysplasia is most likely to develop cancer. The cellular oncogene c-src and its viral homologue v-src (the transforming gene of Rous sarcoma virus) encode 60-kD cytoplasmic, membrane-associated protein tyrosine kinases. For the viral protein or transforming mutants of the cellular protein (Src), a close correlation exists between elevated tyrosine kinase activity and malignant transformation of cells. Previously, we and others observed elevated Src activity in sporadic colon carcinomas and benign adenomas at greatest risk for developing cancer (those with large size, villous architecture, and/or severe dysplasia). Here we report that Src activity and protein abundance are also elevated in neoplastic UC epithelia. Activity is highest in malignant and severely dysplastic epithelia, and 6-10-fold higher in mildly dysplastic than in nondysplastic epithelia. Thus, Src activity is elevated in premalignant UC epithelia, which is at greatest risk for developing cancer. The data suggest that activation of the src proto-oncogene is an early event in the genesis of UC colon cancer.
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PMID:Elevated c-Src tyrosine kinase activity in premalignant epithelia of ulcerative colitis. 750 41

The clinical course of 37 patients who underwent 46 liver transplantations for primary (n = 33) and secondary (n = 4) sclerosing cholangitis was reviewed. The median follow-up was 37 months. The patient and graft survivals for patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis at 1, 2, and 5 years were 96.9%, 91.6%, 87.9%, and 83.1%, 74.2%, 65.2%, respectively. In the patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), prior surgery except for simple cholecystectomy was associated with significantly greater operative time and blood loss. No cholangiocarcinoma was identified at the time of transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen typing for PSC patients was heavily weighed toward B8 (58.8%) compared with control (11.8%). Sixty-two percent of patients with PSC also had inflammatory bowel disease. Moderate or severe rejection requiring OKT3, "rescue therapy" with FK506, or retransplantation was relatively higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (70%) versus patients without inflammatory bowel disease (36.4%) and a matched control group (37.5%). Progressive inflammatory bowel disease was seen in 6 of 19 patients, with 3 developing cancer and a dysplasia. Two patients in the entire group died of sepsis and 3 of colon cancer (2 recurrent and 1 primary). These data demonstrate that excellent survival results can be achieved in this group of patients. Rejection is frequent and often severe and steroid refractory. Colon cancer represents the most frequent cause of death in PSC patients after liver transplantation and demands constant attention.
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PMID:Liver transplantation for sclerosing cholangitis. 763 12


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