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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study of liver and colon cancers and their association with a previous diagnosis of schistosomiasis was performed in rural Sichuan, China. The data analysed came from 127 liver-cancer and 142 colon-cancer patients, each matched, by age, gender, hospital and township, with one or two controls. The cancer cases were identified from the hospital records of three Sichuan counties (all of which have some level of endemic schistosomiasis japonicum): Meishan (66 liver and 54 colon cases), Pujiang (16 liver and 22 colon cases) and Xichang (45 liver and 66 colon cases). Each control was selected using the hospital records for the same year the matched case of cancer was diagnosed, when the control had been found to have an illness other than cancer. Previous schistosomal infection was determined by examining the medical records at the county hospitals, searching the records at the local schistosomiasis-control stations or health-surveillance units, and, when no written record could be found, by interviews with the subjects or their relatives. Given the extremely strong association between hepatitis and liver cancer in China, only data from hepatitis-negative pairs were used in the analyses. Previous schistosomal infection was found to be significantly associated with both liver cancer (odds ratio = 3.7; 95% confidence interval = 1.0-13) and colon cancer (odds ratio = 3.3; 95% confidence interval = 1.8-6.1). The results indicate a fraction of disease attributable to schistosomiasis of 24% for colon cancer, and (among the hepatitis-negative population) one of 27% for liver cancer.
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PMID:A matched, case-control study of the association between Schistosoma japonicum and liver and colon cancers, in rural China. 1570 Dec 55

Chemosensitivity is affected by molecular biological factors, including factors related to the induction of apoptosis and the activity of proliferation. We analyzed immunohistochemically the expression of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 in various types of cancers and assessed the correlation between this expression and chemosensitivity. Moreover, we investigated whether the expression of these factors could be a useful predictor for the clinical response to chemotherapy. Study subjects comprised 63 preoperative patients with untreated malignant tumors (9 with esophageal cancer, 12 with stomach cancer, 12 with colon cancer, 16 with liver cancer, and 14 with breast cancer). Immunohistochemical staining (the labeled streptavidin biotin technique: LSAB method) was used to assess expression of p53 protein, Bcl-2 protein, and Ki-67. A chemosensitivity test was carried out with the histoculture drug response assay method using four drugs: mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride (ADM), and cisplatin (CDDP). Immunohistochemical studies for p53 were found to be useful for predicting chemosensitivity.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of p53, Bcl-2, and Ki-67 as predictors of chemosensitivity. 1590 38

Metastatic colorectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer mortality. The liver is a common site of metastasis and only a minority of patients with liver metastases are candidates for potentially curative surgical resection. The treatment of patients with unresectable liver tumors is a major clinical problem and survival remains low. Many animal models of hepatic metastasis do not result in disease which resembles the advanced cancer setting. The purpose of this study was to establish a murine model for use in the evaluation of therapy for secondary liver cancer. Human colon cancer cells were injected directly into the portal vein of nude mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed weekly, was used to follow the time-course and characteristics of tumor growth. As expected, tumor size increased proportionately with time, following inoculation, and the MRI images correlated well with gross pathology findings at necropsy with respect to both tumor size and location. The tumors retained important morphology and biological characteristics of human colon cancer. Mice bearing liver metastasis were treated with irinotecan or drug vehicle. MRI evaluation pre/post-therapy gave an objective measure of therapeutic response. Irinotecan therapy was able to double the survival (median 76-93 days) compared to vehicle alone (median 43-46 days). This murine model is reproducible, rapid, inexpensive and has an excellent success rate for the development of liver metastasis (100%). When used in conjunction with small animal MRI, this model allows the efficient evaluation of the therapeutics of liver metastasis without the use of repeated laparotomy or splenectomy and without requiring large numbers of animals undergoing terminal experiments.
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PMID:A mouse model for developing treatment for secondary liver tumors. 1594 50

Specific viral targeting into intrahepatic tumors remains critical for adenovirus gene therapy in liver cancer. We previously showed that ionizing radiation increases adenovirus uptake and transgene expression in cells and colon cancer xenografts. Here, we tested whether radiation induces viral uptake through virus-cell membrane interaction. We found that radiation (8 Gy) induced adenoviral gene transfer in rat hepatocytes (WB) and human colon carcinoma cells (LoVo). This induction (24.4- and 6.5-fold, respectively) and viral uptake were significantly diminished by preincubation with antibody for Dynamin 2 but not for Coxsackie adenovirus receptor or for integrin alpha(v). Radiation-induced Dynamin 2 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining and by increased mRNA levels for Dynamin 2 in WB (1.5-fold) and LoVo (2.2-fold) cells. Specific small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection significantly inhibited Dynamin 2 expression in various tumor cell lines (LoVo, D54, and MCF-7) and abolished the radiation induction of Dynamin 2. Likewise, radiation-induced viral gene transfer in these cells (6.5-, 5.5-, and 9.0-fold, respectively) was significantly reduced in siRNA-transfected cells (2.7-, 3.7-, and 5.0-fold, respectively). Moreover, viral uptake in LoVo tumor xenografts was significantly increased in s.c. tumors (10.9-fold) when adenovirus was given i.v. at 24 hours after tumor irradiation, coincident with an elevated Dynamin 2 expression in irradiated tumors. These data suggest that ionizing radiation induces adenovirus gene transfer in cells and tumor xenografts by regulating viral uptake, potentially through interaction with cellular Dynamin 2 and thus should provide insight into improving adenovirus targeting in tumors.
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PMID:Ionizing radiation-induced adenovirus infection is mediated by Dynamin 2. 1599 18

Arylamine carcinogens and drugs are N-acetylated by cytosolic N-acetyltransferase (NAT), which uses acetyl-coenzyme A as a cofactor. NAT plays an initial role in the metabolism of these arylamine compounds. 2-Aminofluorene is one of the arylamine carcinogens which have been demonstrated to undergo N-acetylation in laboratory animals and humans. Our previous study showed that human cancer cell lines (colon cancer, colo 205; liver cancer, Hep G2; bladder cancer, T24; leukemia, HL-60; prostate cancer, LNCaP; osteogenic sarcoma, U-2 OS; malignant melanoma, A375.S2) displayed NAT activity, which was affected by aloe-emodin in human leukemia cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether aloe-emodin could affect the enzyme activity and gene expression of NAT at the mRNA and protein levels in malignant human melanoma A375.S2 cells. The results showed that aloe-emodin inhibited NAT1 activity (decreased N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene) in intact cells in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of aloe-emodin on NAT1 at the protein level was determined by Western blotting and the mRNA levels were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cDNA microarray. These results clearly indicate that aloe-emodin inhibits the mRNA expression and enzyme activity of NAT1 in A375.S2 cells.
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PMID:Effect of inhibition of aloe-emodin on N-acetyltransferase activity and gene expression in human malignant melanoma cells (A375.S2). 1631 33

Aged garlic extract (AGE) has manifold biological activities including immunomodulative and antioxidative effects. It is used as a major component of nonprescription tonics and cold-prevention medicines or dietary supplements. Advanced-cancer patients decline in immune functions and quality of life (QOL). The study's subjects were patients with inoperable colorectal, liver, or pancreatic cancer. In a randomized double-blind trial, AGE was administered to one group and a placebo was administered to another for 6 mo. The primary endpoint was a QOL questionnaire based on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT). The subendpoints were changes in the natural-killer (NK) cell activity the salivary cortisol level from before and after administering AGE. Out of 55 patients invited to participate in the trial, 50 (91%) consented to enroll. They consisted of 42 patients with liver cancer (84%), 7 patients with pancreatic cancer (14%), and 1 patient with colon cancer (2%). Drug compliance was relatively good in both the AGE and placebo groups. Although no difference was observed in QOL, both the number of NK cells and the NK cell activity increased significantly in the AGE group. No adverse effect was observed in either group. The study showed that administering AGE to patients with advanced cancer of the digestive system improved NK cell activity, but caused no improvement in QOL.
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PMID:Aged garlic extract prevents a decline of NK cell number and activity in patients with advanced cancer. 1648 72

Cholest-4 alpha-methyl-7-en-3beta-ol (1) has potent inhibitory activity against pc 12 tumor with 0.5043 ratio (10 microg/mL). This paper describes a series of structural modification of this compound, which focus on 3beta-hydroxyl group and 7(8)-double bond. The synthesized derivatives of 1 were tested for human cancer cell lines including colon cancer (HCT-8), liver cancer (BEL-7402) and nasopharyngeal cancer (KB) cells. The results showed that cholest-4 alpha-methyl-8-en-3beta,7 alpha-diol 6a inhibits KB cell significantly with IC(50) 1.32 x 10(-9)microg/mL. In addition, the cytotoxic properties of this compound against HCT-8 and BEL-7402 are excellent with IC(50) 1.2 microg/mL.
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PMID:Synthesis and antitumor activity of cholest-4 alpha-methyl-7-en-3beta-ol derivatives. 1650 29

A new series of substituted benzylamino- and heterocyclylmethylamino carbodithioate derivatives of 4-(3H)-quinazolinone were synthesized via four steps starting from 2-amino-5-methylbenzoic acid and initially screened against A-549 (human non-small cell lung cancer), HCT-8 (human colon cancer), and Bel-7402 (human liver cancer) cell lines at the single concentration of 5 microg/mL using the colorimetric MTT assay. The IC50 values were determined for the compounds reaching > or = 70% inhibition in primary screening by serial dilution. Among the newly synthesized compounds, 9n exhibited potent in vitro cytotoxicity against A-549, HCT-8, and Bel-7402 cell lines with the IC50 values of 1.65, 0.93, and 1.43 microM, respectively.
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PMID:Synthesis of substituted benzylamino- and heterocyclylmethylamino carbodithioate derivatives of 4-(3H)-quinazolinone and their cytotoxic activity. 1661 82

Bioactivity-guided fractionation of apple peels was used to determine the chemical identity of bioactive constituents. Thirteen triterpenoids were isolated, and their chemical structures were identified. Antiproliferative activities of the triterpenoids against human HepG2 liver cancer cells, MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and Caco-2 colon cancer cells were evaluated. Most of the triterpenoids showed high potential anticancer activities against the three human cancer cell lines. Among the compounds isolated, 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, 2alpha-hydroxy-3beta-{[(2E)-3-phenyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid, and 3beta-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid showed higher antiproliferative activity toward HepG2 cancer cells. Ursolic acid, 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, and 3beta-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid exhibited higher antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cancer cells. All triterpenoids tested showed antiproliferative activity against Caco-2 cancer cells, especially 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, maslinic acid, 2alpha-hydroxy-3beta-{[(2E)-3-phenyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl]oxy}olean-12-en-28-oic acid, and 3beta-trans-p-coumaroyloxy-2alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, which displayed much higher antiproliferative activities. These results showed the triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for the anticancer activities of whole apples.
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PMID:Triterpenoids isolated from apple peels have potent antiproliferative activity and may be partially responsible for apple's anticancer activity. 1748 26

Although fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) can promote liver carcinogenesis in mice its involvement in human cancer is not well characterized. Here we report that FGF19 and its cognate receptor FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4) are coexpressed in primary human liver, lung and colon tumors and in a subset of human colon cancer cell lines. To test the importance of FGF19 for tumor growth, we developed an anti-FGF19 monoclonal antibody that selectively blocks the interaction of FGF19 with FGFR4. This antibody abolished FGF19-mediated activity in vitro and inhibited growth of colon tumor xenografts in vivo and effectively prevented hepatocellular carcinomas in FGF19 transgenic mice. The efficacy of the antibody in these models was linked to inhibition of FGF19-dependent activation of FGFR4, FRS2, ERK and beta-catenin. These findings suggest that the inactivation of FGF19 could be beneficial for the treatment of colon cancer, liver cancer and other malignancies involving interaction of FGF19 and FGFR4.
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PMID:Targeting FGF19 inhibits tumor growth in colon cancer xenograft and FGF19 transgenic hepatocellular carcinoma models. 1759 42


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