Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Many of the molecular alterations responsible for sporadic colorectal cancer, namely chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability, and hypermethylation, also play a role in colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis. Colon cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease increases with longer duration of colitis, greater anatomic extent of colitis, the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history of CRC and degree of inflammation of the bowel. Chemoprevention includes aminosalicylates, ursodeoxycholic acid, and possibly folic acid and statins. To reduce CRC mortality in IBD, colonoscopic surveillance with random biopsies remains the major way to detect early mucosal dysplasia. When dysplasia is confirmed, proctocolectomy is considered for these patients. Patients with small intestinal Crohn's disease are at increased risk of small bowel adenocarcinoma. Ulcerative colitis patients with total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch anal-anastomosis have a rather low risk of dysplasia in the ileal pouch, but the anal transition zone should be monitored periodically. Other extra intestinal cancers, such as hepatobiliary and hematopoietic cancer, have shown variable incidence rates. New endoscopic and molecular screening approaches may further refine our current surveillance guidelines and our understanding of the natural history of dysplasia.
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PMID:Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. 1820 Jun 60

We report a male patient with double advanced tumors in the jejunum and descending colon and multiple lung tumors. The intestinal cancers were surgically resected. Immunoprofiling of the specimens revealed a rare phenotype: the jejunal cancer was positive for cytokeratin (CK) 7, partially positive for CK20, and Cdx-2-negative, whereas the colon cancer was CK7(+), CK20(-), and Cdx-2(-). Biopsied lung tumor was diagnosed as tubular adenocarcinoma, and CK7(+)/CK20(+)/Cdx-2(-). Together with clinical information, we deduced that the jejunal adenocarcinoma had presumably metastasized to the lung. Moreover, postoperative oxaliplatin, including chemotherapy, significantly reduced the lung metastases, suggesting that this regimen is a promising treatment option for advanced small bowel adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:Double primary adenocarcinomas of the jejunum and descending colon with lung metastases presenting rare immunohistochemical phenotypes: a case report. 1992 97

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have an excess risk of certain gastrointestinal cancers. Much work has focused on colon cancer in IBD patients, but comparatively less is known about other more rare cancers. The European Crohn's and Colitis Organization established a pathogenesis workshop to review what is known about these cancers and formulate proposals for future studies to address the most important knowledge gaps. This article reviews the current state of knowledge about small bowel adenocarcinoma, ileo-anal pouch and rectal cuff cancer, and anal/perianal fistula cancers in IBD patients.
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PMID:Non-colorectal intestinal tract carcinomas in inflammatory bowel disease: results of the 3rd ECCO Pathogenesis Scientific Workshop (II). 2366 98

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers depending on the specific type of IBD, the extent of the disease and its location. Patients with IBD and extensive colonic involvement are at increased risk of colorectal cancer whereas patients with Crohn disease have an increased risk for small-bowel and anal carcinoma. These cancers preferentially develop on sites of longstanding inflammation. In regards to colon cancer, several key pathogenic events are involved, including chromosomal instability, microsatellite instability and hypermethylation. The risk for colon cancer in IBD patients correlates with longer disease duration, presence of sclerosing cholangitis, pancolitis, family history of colorectal cancer, early onset of the disease and severity of bowel inflammation. Identification of increased colorectal cancer risk in individual IBD patients has led to formal surveillance guidelines. Conversely, although an increased risk for other types of cancer has been well identified, no specific formal screening recommendations exist. Consequently, the role of the radiologist is crucial to alert the referring gastroenterologist when a patient with IBD presents with unusual imaging findings at either computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This review provides an update on demographics, molecular, clinical and histopathological features of gastrointestinal cancers in IBD patients including colorectal carcinoma, small bowel adenocarcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors and anal carcinoma, along with a special emphasis on the current role of CT and MR imaging.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal cancers in inflammatory bowel disease: An update with emphasis on imaging findings. 2631 81

Small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare. There is no definite consensus as to whether they should be treated in a manner similar to gastric or to colon cancer. We report the case of a young woman with a primary jejunal adenocarcinoma, bilateral ovary metastases, and peritoneal dissemination. First- and second-line chemotherapy for the gastric cancer failed. She was then treated with the immune checkpoint inhibitor nivolumab and had temporary improvement in her condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case wherein nivolumab has been used to treat small bowel adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A case of small bowel adenocarcinoma wherein nivolumab conferred temporary benefit in disease control. 3170 67

Basic and clinical studies on small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) are limited due to the rare nature of this cancer. We established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model from the tumor tissue of an advanced SBA patient with liver and peritoneal metastasis, and a cell line from the PDX. In the PDX model, compared to the control group, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment resulted in statistically significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI), while oxaliplatin (OHP) and irinotecan had no significant inhibitory effects. In combination with 5-FU, OHP showed the highest rate of TGI. The IC50 for OHP was significantly lower than those for paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and trifluorothymidine in the PDX-derived cell line when compared to in HT29, a colon cancer cell line. Genetic analysis of the patient tumor, PDX tumor, and the cell line demonstrated consistency in the microsatellite status and mutations in TP53, APC, HRAS, CSF1R, FGFR3, FLT3, PDGFRA, and RET genes. However, the PDX tumor alone had additional mutations, indicating that the PDX-derived cell line may support the unstable genetic status of the PDX. Our findings confirmed the effectiveness of the combination of OHP and 5-FU, which is a common treatment for advanced SBA and advanced colorectal cancer, in a preclinical model. This preclinical model of SBA can help in further understanding the biology of SBA.
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PMID:A patient-derived xenograft and a cell line derived from it form a useful preclinical model for small bowel adenocarcinoma. 3216 28