Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rationale and results of clinical use of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tests in patients with carcinoma of the breast and colon deserve review. Plasma CEA levels have been found to correlate with the extent of tumor invasion and site of metastatic spread, and CEA titers have diagnostic and prognostic value. Although postresectional serial CEA testing is not as useful in cases of breast carcinoma, in cases of carcinoma of the colon it may indicate recurrence or progression of the lesion. However, there are limitations and CEA results should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical information.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast or colon cancer. 36 39

Several pre-malignant diseases are known to have a genetic etiology. This study focuses attention upon precancerous disorders wherein the mode of inheritance is either well established or wherein it remains unclear even though familial aggregation of the particular diseases have been amply documented. These conditions will be discussed as useful models for systematic investigations of the host etiologic component in carcinogenesis. Our survey of hereditary precancerous syndromes includes multiple polyposis of the coli, the multiple mucosal neuroma syndrome, the Cancer Family Syndrome, Sipple's syndrome, Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosus, the multiple nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, familial cutaneous malignant melanoma, and carcinoma of the breast. We have emphasized the heterogeneous character of many forms of familial cancer. Familial breast cancer associations clearly show such heterogeneity, as do colon cancer syndromes. Certain of these precancerous states are characterized by phenotypes which are clinically apparent, polyposis coli being the classic example. Others, such as Sipple's syndrome are amenable to routine screening for biochemical markers. The bulk of putative genetic cancer-predisposing problems require further basic investigation of modes of inheritance. Cancer control may be enhanced through communication of useful genetic and diagnostic information to primary care physicians. Referral of cancer clusters of possible genetic etiology from clinicians to human geneticists facilitates the necessary basic research.
 ...
PMID:Familial cancer syndromes: a survey. 40 22

Serum tyrosinase activity has been measured by adapting the [3]tyrosine assay for tyrosinase and significant elevations of serum tyrosinase activity were found in patients with malignant melanoma. In contrast to findings in a study which utilized [14C]tyrosine, augmented levels of tyrosinase activity were not observed in sera from patients with other malignancies, including subjects with carcinoma of the breast. The results of the examinations for soluble tyrosinase activity in human malignant melanoma tissue-cultured lines were all positive, whereas human cell lines from carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the colon and sarcoma uniformly showed no activity. The method employed for detecting tyrosinase activity holds promise as a specific diagnostic test and may be valuable for monitoring the response to clinical treatment of patients with malignant melanoma.
 ...
PMID:Tyrosinase activity in the sera of patients with malignant melanoma: method and specificity. 41 60

It is estimated that in the Western hemisphere approximately 50% of all carcinoses in females and approximately 30% of all carcinoses in males are influenced by dietary factors. The most frequent carcinogenic dietary compounds are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the nitrosamine combinations and the mycotoxins. Exact data on the carcinogenic risk of these dietary compounds is, however, not yet available for humans. Epidemiological investigations also support the assumed dietary carcinogenesis. It is known that the contracting rate for carcinoma of the stomach is considerably higher in Japan than in Europe or in the USA and that the morbidity rate for carcinoma of the colon is considerably lower in Third World countries. The positive incidence between dietary fat uptake and carcinoma of the breast seems to be well established.
 ...
PMID:[Carcinogens in the food]. 56 24

In 82 patients, a preoperative diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism has been established by means of transfemoral neck vein catheterization and measurement of serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Twenty-five of these patients have had cancer in other parts of the body but with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. One patient had carcinoma of the colon with metastases, and four were members of families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA, Types I and II). In six other hypercalcemic patients, high levels of iPTH were found also in the effluent blood from cancer sites other than the parathyroid gland, secondary to ectopic hormone production or pseudohyperparathyroidism. In addition, a high serum level of iPTH was found in the superior vena cava of a seventh patient who had carcinoma of the breast but no clinical or radiological signs of recurrence or metastasis with the exception of an enlarged liver. This iPTH finding was interpreted as being, probably, the result of parathyroid adenoma in either the neck or the mediastinum. At the time of operation, a transcervical mediastinal search was made. Four normal cervical parathyroid glands were found; three were removed. Hypercalcemia persisted after operation, and the patient died. At postmortem examination, microscopic study revealed that the disease had metastasized to lungs and hilar lymph nodes. There was massive metastasis in the liver; the liver contained a large amount of iPTH. The results of these investigations suggest that (1) venous catheterization of the neck veins and the effluent blood from extraparathyroid tumors aid in identifying and localizing iPTH production; (2) primary benign hyperparathyroidism is not uncommon in patients with cancer, and its co-existence must be recognized; (3) high serum iPTH level in the superior vena cava may be found in patients with metastatic or primary cancer of the thoracic cavity; and (4) hyperparathyroidism may be the first hint of a familial multiple endocrine syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Hypercalcemia in patients with known malignent disease. 96 5

We review our experience with 82 patients with nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. All patients were referred for evaluation of an ovarian mass. The patients had primary carcinoma of the breast (n = 28), colon (n = 23), stomach (n = 22), pancreas (n = 7), or gallbladder (n = 2). The overall actuarial 5-year survival rate was 10%. Five-year survival in patients with metastatic colon cancer was significantly higher (23%) than that in patients with metastatic cancer of the breast, stomach, gallbladder, or pancreas, all of whom died within 58 months (P less than 0.05). Patients with unilateral metastatic ovarian involvement had a 5-year survival significantly better than that of those with bilateral involvement (28% vs 5%; p = 0.003). Five-year survival in patients with disease limited to the pelvis was significantly higher than that in those with abdominal spread (22% vs 6%; P less than 0.04). The 5-year survival of patients with residual disease less than 2 cm or greater than 2 cm in diameter was 18% or 4%, respectively (P = 0.002). This pattern applied mainly to differences in patients with primary cancer of the breast or colon (P less than 0.008). These data suggest that an aggressive surgical effort seems to be indicated in colon cancer metastatic to the ovary, as some of these patients may survive 5 years.
 ...
PMID:Nongenital cancers metastatic to the ovary. 173 Apr 31

Flow cytometric DNA content analysis is a rapid, quantitative method of determining the DNA ploidy status and proliferative index of a given tumor. Abnormal DNA content, or aneuploidy, has been recognized as a marker of malignancy and is present in about 70 per cent of solid tumors. In the majority of solid tumors, the consensus is that the presence of an aneuploid tumor predicts a poorer over-all survival rate and a shorter disease-free interval, indicating that patients with diploid tumors have a more favorable prognosis than those with aneuploid tumors. The prognostic implications of an abnormal DNA content, therefore, suggest either a higher risk of relapse, a worsening of survival rate or a risk for progression of disease in stages I and II carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the colon and rectum, superficial carcinoma of the bladder and malignant melanoma. Thus, the assessment of cellular DNA content should be regarded as an additional prognostic determinant and should play an ancillary role in the decisions regarding the management of patients with malignant disease. With the introduction of more sophisticated technology, it will be possible to simultaneously assay for DNA ploidy and cell cycle distribution in addition to a series of tumor markers, such as CEA, and various products of oncogenes, thus providing further understanding of the heterogeneity of solid tumor cells.
 ...
PMID:Flow cytometry and prognostic implications in patients with solid tumors. 220 Oct 96

Progestogens should be added to estrogen replacement therapy, not only to prevent endometrial cancer in women with a uterus, but also to reduce the risk of breast cancer in some women. Smoking should be discouraged to reduce the risk for both lung cancer and heart disease. Recommendations should be made to increase fiber intake to lessen the risk for carcinoma of the colon. Reducing fat intake also decreases risk for colon cancer, as well as carcinoma of the breast. Postmenopausal bleeding must be investigated for early diagnosis of endometrial cancer and, when endometrial hyperplasia is the finding, it should be treated with progestogens to prevent adenocarcinoma. The progestogen challenge test is recommended for all women with a uterus, and if bleeding occurs, the progestogen should be continued for 13 days each month. Use of mammograms and other diagnostic modalities should be increased to make the earliest possible diagnosis of breast cancer.
 ...
PMID:Cancer in the older woman: diagnosis and prevention. 304 28

The early recognition of solid tumours as presymptomatic diagnostics is only reasonable, when it leads to a gain of survival time and survival rate. The evidence of effectiveness by randomized studies (apart from carcinoma of the cervix) was proved up to now only for the carcinoma of the breast (mammography) and the carcinoma of the colon (occult blood in the stools). The target-specific screening within well defined risk groups is to be recommended, when the subsequent chain of investigations and the therapy chain is ascertained. For the control of the course increasingly tumour markers are used including monoclonal antibodies against tumour-associated antigens.
 ...
PMID:[Early detection and follow-up of solid tumors]. 357 62

The P component of amyloid is a normal serum protein designated SAP. SAP has substantial homology with C-reactive protein (CRP). However, unlike CRP, SAP is not an acute-phase reactant in man. Recent studies have established SAP as a major acute-phase protein in mice. Moreover, mice which have received tumour implants have also been found to have raised serum concentrations of SAP. The aim of the present study was to determine possible association between the serum level of SAP and human cancer. We found that patients with carcinoma of the breast have significantly increased serum concentrations of SAP. Moreover, in these patients SAP levels correlated with the severity of the disease. Patients with carcinoma of the colon, however, did not differ from healthy individuals in the serum level of SAP. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Serum amyloid P-component levels in patients with malignancy. 374 12


1 2 3 Next >>