Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Small cell carcinoma of the large intestine is a rare, extremely aggressive malignancy often associated with an overlying adenoma. We report three cases of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the colon diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Two of the patients were women (ages 33 and 46 yr old) and one was a man (69 yr old). FNA biopsy established the diagnosis of metastatic small cell carcinoma involving the liver (2 cases) and soft tissue of the scapular region (1 case). In one patient, the FNA diagnosis of hepatic metastases preceded identification of the primary site. Subsequently, the patient was found to have a small cell carcinoma subadjacent to a colonic villous adenoma, illustrating the importance of investigating villous lesions of the colon in patients with metastatic small cell carcinoma of unknown primary origin (especially in non-smokers). All three cases showed the characteristic cytologic features of small cell carcinoma. Ancillary studies performed on aspirated material confirmed the diagnosis of small cell carcinoma in one case. Immunocytochemical studies revealed punctate cytokeratin and diffuse neuron-specific enolase (NSE) positivity of the malignant cells. Ultrastructurally neurosecretory granules were evident. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FNA cytologic report of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the large intestine. This FNA report also demonstrates when a small cell carcinoma is detected in a metastatic site in a patient lacking a lung primary, a likely primary site could be adjacent or beneath a polypoid lesion of the colon.
 ...
PMID:Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metastatic small cell carcinoma of the colon: a report of three cases. 880 53

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] inhibits proliferation and promotes differentiation of human colon cancer cell lines. Epidemiological findings, although not entirely consistent, suggest an inverse relationship between vitamin D intake and colorectal cancer and adenoma, colorectal cancer precursor lesions. We evaluated the relationship of plasma 1,25(OH)2D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] with distal colorectal adenoma among 326 matched case and control pairs (nested in the prospective Nurses' Health Study), who provided blood in 1989-1990 and who underwent endoscopy in 1989-1996. Plasma vitamin D metabolite concentrations were determined blindly by RIA. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from multiple conditional logistic regression models. Mean plasma 1,25(OH)2D and 25(OH)D levels did not significantly differ (P = 0.3 and 0.7, respectively) between cases (31.6 +/- 8.4 pg/ml and 26.4 +/- 10.6 ng/ml, respectively) and controls (32.2 +/- 8.6 pg/ml and 26.8 +/-10.2 ng/ml, respectively). However, women whose plasma 1,25(OH)2D concentration was below 26.0 pg/ml (a level typically considered to be below normal) were at increased risk of distal colorectal adenoma (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.03-2.40). Compared with the lowest 1,25(OH)2D quartile, women in the second (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.02), third (OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.50-1.30), or upper (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.43-1.15) quartiles were at a statistically nonsignificant lower risk of adenoma. The relationship was stronger for large/villous adenoma and among those with consistent vitamin D intake over the 10 years prior to blood draw. Compared with women in the lowest quartile, for plasma 25(OH)D, women in the second (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.41-1.00) and third (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36-0.95) quartiles were at a statistically significantly lower risk of distal colorectal adenoma, but there was no difference in risk in the top quartile (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.66-1.66). We conclude that women who have low levels of circulating 1,25(OH)2D may be at higher risk of distal colorectal adenomas, but additional study is warranted.
 ...
PMID:Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and adenomatous polyps of the distal colorectum. 1104 88

The genetic study of two cases of tubulovillous adenoma associated with poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma (PDEC) is reported. Aim of this work was to assess whether the exocrine and endocrine growths share a common genotype. The analysis entailed the search for allelic loss (LOH) or imbalances of polymorphic microsatellite markers at the corresponding chromosomal loci of the genes MEN-1 (11q13), p53 (17p13). Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma (DCC) (18q21) and hMSH-2 (BAT26) (2p21-22). Additionally, the exons 5-8 of the p53 gene were sequenced in the two PDECs only. One of the two cases investigated showed LOH for 18q DCC markers in the tubulo-villous adenoma while a point mutation of the p53 gene was observed in the PDEC component. No genetic abnormality was observed in both adenoma and PDEC components of the other case. In the two cases p53 protein accumulation was observed in both PDEC and adenoma cells. These data indicate that only the p53 gene abnormality is shared by both colon cancer and PDEC in the two cases reported. The lack of other common genetic defect may suggest a different histogenesis for the two tumor types. The development of colon PDEC implies the defect of p53 gene.
 ...
PMID:Genetic alterations in poorly differentiated endocrine colon carcinomas developing in tubulo-villous adenomas: a report of two cases. 1178 50

A 69-year-old Hispanic woman presented for the evaluation of nodules on the head and back. In the past, she had been treated for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the face; the referring physician was concerned that the new lesions might also be BCC. The patient had an extensive past medical history. In addition to BCC, she had been treated for breast cancer, colon cancer, and cervical cancer prior to emigrating to the USA. Her colonic malignancy had been localized proximal to the splenic flexure. She also had a history of colonic polyps and distal colonic villous adenoma. She denied ever being treated with radiation. Further details of her medical history and cancer staging were not available. Her family history was significant for a sister with colon cancer and transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. In addition, she had a great aunt with oral cancer and a great uncle with lung cancer. Neither the patient or her relatives had any history of tobacco use. On physical examination, in addition to scars from a radical mastectomy and midline abdominal laparotomy, four skin lesions were noted: two on the scalp, one on the tragus, and one on the mid-back. The first lesion on the vertex of the scalp was a yellow-brown waxy papule measuring 0.6 x 0.5 cm. This lesion was similar to that on the mid-back, except in size. The lesion on the back measured 1.2 x 1.0 cm. The second lesion on the frontal scalp measured 0.8 x 0.6 cm and was red-brown with a pearly appearance and some central hyperkeratosis. The tragus lesion was similar in appearance to that on the frontal scalp. Shave biopsies of all lesions were obtained. The lesions on the scalp and mid-back revealed lobules of sebaceous cells in the dermis with a minority of surrounding basaloid cells, consistent with a diagnosis of sebaceous adenoma (Fig. 1). Although the lesion on the frontal scalp also showed sebaceous differentiation, there were a greater number of basaloid cells, some with hyperchromatic nuclei and mitotic figures; this was consistent with a diagnosis of sebaceous epithelioma (Fig. 2). The final lesion (tragus) was histologically consistent with a keratotic BCC. No further treatment was required for these benign sebaceous tumors, but their presence defined our patient's condition as Muir-Torre syndrome. Mohs' micrographic surgery was performed on the tragus BCC and the margins were tumor free in one stage. The patient returned 1 year later with a lesion anterior to the left axilla which was biopsied to rule out BCC (Fig. 3). Histologically, this lesion was also consistent with sebaceous epithelioma.
 ...
PMID:Muir-Torre syndrome: a case of this uncommon entity. 1653 37

The life expectancy for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. Although the overall cancer risk for CF patients does not appear to be increased there is a marked increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies especially in the post lung transplant population. CF patients that do develop gastrointestinal malignancies do so at an earlier age and there is often a lag in the diagnosis and management of these individuals. We present a 39 year old male CF patient that underwent a colonoscopy for colon cancer screening and a large, near obstructing, villous adenoma of his ileum was found. The polyp was removed successfully via endoscopy without incident and there was no evidence of malignancy. An upper endoscopy revealed a long segment of Barrett's esophagus with no evidence of dysplasia. We present this case as well as a detailed review of the literature on cancer risk in CF and a discussion of the mechanisms that may be involved. We also present the risk of GI malignancies in non-CF patients as a guide on how to assess and manage the risk of GI malignancies in this ever-changing patient population.
 ...
PMID:The risk of gastrointestinal malignancies in cystic fibrosis: case report of a patient with a near obstructing villous adenoma found on colon cancer screening and Barrett's esophagus. 1776 91

In patients with colorectal cancers synchronous neoplastic lesions are an increasingly frequent finding at preoperative staging; 3% of the cases are other cancers while 33-35% of the synchronous lesions are villous adenomas. The treatment of most colorectal adenomas can be performed by endoscopic poplypectomy. In 5% of cases there are synchronous colorectal lesions also requiring surgical treatment. From January 1995 to June 2007 we treated 5 patients with rectal lesions by transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) together with a laparoscopic colectomy for the presence of synchronous lesions at the "Clinica Chirurgica Generale e d'Urgenza" of the University of Perugia,. Surgical timing involved performing a sequential exeresis characterised by a cancer resection, followed by resection of the voluminous adenoma: TEM for rectal cancer followed by a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for a voluminous villous adenoma (1 patient) and laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis for cancer followed by TEM for a voluminous villous adenoma (2 patients). One patient with left colon cancer associated with a voluminous villous rectal adenoma first underwent TEM for the rectal adenoma and then a left laparoscopic hemicolectomy with an extracorporeal anastomosis in order to ease the transit of the circular mechanical stapler. Another patient with rectal and right colon adenomas first underwent TEM for a voluminous rectal sessile adenoma and later a right hemicolectomy. The use of this minimally invasive approach allowed rectum preservation and less invasive surgery.
 ...
PMID:[Minimally invasive treatment of synchronous colorectal tumours]. 1868 72

The mean age of colorectal cancer in untreated familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is 39 years. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient with FAP and colorectal cancer. The patient was detected with significant family history: her mother died at age 45 with colon cancer; two uncles were diagnosed with colon cancer at the age of 40 and 43 and one aunt at the age of 45 with colon cancer and gastric cancer. The treatment was laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with total excision of the mesorectum and ileal pouch anal anastomosis completed with endoanal excision of inferior rectal polyps. The histopathological report described a well differentiated rectal adenocarcinoma T1N1aMx developed on a tubulo-villous adenoma located on the rectosigmoid jonction, the rest of the polyps with benign histology.
 ...
PMID:Malignant familial adenomatous polyposis treated by laparoscopic colectomy and ileal pouch anal anastomosis: a case report. 2553 6

We are presenting a case associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, invasive mammary carcinoma, chondrosarcoma, benign ganglioneuroma, and numerous colon adenomas. The patient had a family history of colon cancer, kidney and bladder cancers, lung cancer, thyroid cancer, leukemia, and throat and mouth cancers. She was diagnosed with colonic villous adenoma at the age of 41 followed by thyroid, renal, and breast cancers and chondrosarcoma at the ages of 48, 64, 71, and 74, respectively. Additionally, we included a table with the most common familial cancer syndromes with one or more benign or malignant tumors diagnosed in our case, namely, FAP, HNPCC, Cowden, Peutz-Jeghers, renal cancer, tuberous sclerosis, VHL, breast/other, breast/ovarian, Carney, Werner's, Bloom, Li-Fraumeni, xeroderma pigmentosum, ataxia-telangiectasia, osteochondromatosis, retinoblastoma, and MEN2A.
...
PMID:Thyroid, Renal, and Breast Carcinomas, Chondrosarcoma, Colon Adenomas, and Ganglioneuroma: A New Cancer Syndrome, FAP, or Just Coincidence. 2708 12

Colorectal cancer is the most common synchronous or metachronous cancer in patients with gastric cancer. I report two cases of synchronous and metachronous colon cancer with gastric cancer. Case 1: A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of gastric cancer, which had been diagnosed during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) screening. The recommended preoperative testing was colonofiberscopy (CFS). The CFS revealed a 3-cm ulcerofungating mass, located 20 cm from the anal verge. The pathological report showed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Consequently, we performed radical total gastrectomy and low anterior resection simultaneously. There was no recurrence during the 40-month follow-up of this individual on an out-patient basis. Case 2: A 71-year-old man who was treated with laparoscopically assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) due to early gastric cancer underwent regular follow-up examination with EGD and abdominopelvic computed tomography. A CFS performed 5 years after the LADG revealed a polypoid mass in the sigmoid colon. The pathological report showed a villous adenoma with adenocarcinoma in situ. The patient underwent a colonofiberscopic mucosectomy. At 36 months after the endoscopic mucosectomy, the patient remained free of recurrence.
 ...
PMID:Synchronous and Metachronous Colon Cancers in Patients with Gastric Cancer: Report of 2 Cases. 2799 Jan 12

Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in different countries, including Iran. No comprehensive study has been done in the country for colorectal cancer, but information on the incidence and trends is essential to planning. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence and morphology of colorectal cancer and its trend in Iran. This study was conducted using data from the national cancer registry system in Iran from 2003-2008. We used joinpoint regression analysis for assessing incidence time trends and morphology change percentage. Of all cases of colorectal cancer, 61.83 % were colon cancer, 27.54 % rectal cancer, 7.46 % rectosigmoid cancer, and 3.10 anal cancer. The most common histological types with the frequencies of 80.85 % was related to adenocarcinoma, NOS. The Annual percentage changes (APC) in ASIR for colorectal cancer significantly increased in both men and women. APC in ASIR was 13.7 (CI: 10.5-17.1) in women and 16.4 (CI: 12.4-20.5) in men. APC of adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma showed significant declining trend (p<0.05), while APC of adenocarcinoma, NOS had a constant trend. The incidence of the cancer in recent years has increased in Iran because of changes in lifestyle and diet. Therefore, further studies are necessary to detect the cause of this cancer and perform preventive measures.
 ...
PMID:Colorectal cancer in Iran: Epidemiology and morphology trends. 2833 5


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>