Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

The purpose of this presentation is to point out the importance of this new diagnosis and treatment method, recently incorporated. The studies were done with the Fibroscope F9-A with doble channel, equipped with an desection smear for polipectomies and an extracting forceps. The patients arrive with their intestine perfectly cleaned with classical methods. This detail is most important for the polipectomies. If the local conditions aren't the desired, presence of bowels or barium of an previous enema, we postpone both, examination and polipectomy, because those are causes of false diagnosis in the first case or eventual accidents in the second condition. Regarding this, we had an performing doing a biopsy in an stenosing neoplasm of the sigmoid colon. We believe it convenient to prevent this complication, to reduce the air pressure before performing the biopsy. Of the 160 patients examinated, 54 had no patology, 32 had polips and of this group 4 had multiple poliposis, 4 had association with diverticulosis and 3 associated with neoplasm. (4 were neoplasm, 10 stenosis without mucous lesions, 1 villous adenoma, 1 megacolon and 1 rectitis). We made 12 polipectomies, 10 with the conventional technique and 2 associated with surgery. We had no accidents and one of them was an early stage of colon cancer.
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PMID:[Personal experience in colonoscopy and polypectomy]. 74 24

The incidence of carcinoma of the large bowel in the United States is higher than for any other site. In Japan it is about one quarter as frequent, and the cause of this discrepancy appears to be more environmental than genetic on the basis of migrant studies. The incidence of carcinoma in familial polyposis approaches 100% and in villous adenoma the incidence of carcinoma is 40-50%. The relation of adenomatous polyps to carcinoma is not so strong, yet there is a notable association between the occurrence of polyps and carcinoma in the same bowel. With modern surgical techniques, the risk of removing polypoid lesions of the colon transabdominally appears much lower than the average risk of leaving such lesions alone unless and until they give signs and symptoms of carcinoma. The greater use of the colonoscope should, however, greatly reduce the need for laparotomy.
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PMID:The control of large bowel cancers. Present status and it challenges. 121 47

A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer by analysis of immune complexes (IC) with a specific polyclonal antibody. Human colon cancer cells were grown in a capillary culture system to provide unaltered antigens for the development of a specific antibody. The antibody was labeled with iodine 125 (125I) and used to analyze the antigen component of IC removed from whole serum. The assay was positive in 50% and 88% of known Dukes' A and Dukes' B colon cancer patients, respectively. It was also positive for only 25% of Dukes' C and 14% of Dukes' D patients, possibly because of the decreased quantity of specific IC found in the late stages of colon cancer. A blind study of patients referred for colonoscopy compared pathology diagnosis with the test results. The assay was positive for one patient with a polypoid adenocarcinoma (Dukes' B) and one with a villous adenoma and negative for 38 patients with benign polyps and 43 with no polyps. The assay was negative for all patients with stomach cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases and positive for about 10% of the patients with pancreas or breast cancer. The results of this preliminary investigation suggest that this radioimmunoassay may be useful for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer.
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PMID:An analysis of immunocomplexes for the detection of the early stages of colon cancer. 230 82

Sodium butyrate induces morphological and biochemical changes consistent with a more differentiated phenotype in some colon cancer cell lines. These changes include increased expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and other oncodevelopmental markers. We utilized domain-specific probes and polyclonal antibodies against CEA-related antigens to study sodium butyrate-induced expression of the CEA gene family in a villous adenoma-derived cell line, which is nontumorigenic in nude mice (VACO 235), and two colonic carcinoma cell lines known to respond to sodium butyrate exposure by phenotypic differentiation (HT-29 and LS 174T). The induction begins as quickly as 24 h after exposure and occurs primarily at a transcriptional level, although some translational control is also evident. No evidence was found for gene amplification, rearrangement, or methylation to account for the mechanism of this transcriptional control. [35S]Cysteine pulse-labeled cell lysate immunoblots and polyadenylated RNA blot hybridization suggest that increases in mRNA transcript and CEA-related glycoprotein levels are primarily due to increased synthesis rather than decreased degradation. A considerable amount of heterogeneity is seen in the biosynthesis of the CEA-related glycoproteins, with each cell line showing a distinct pattern of CEA-related antigen expression from a limited number of mRNA transcripts.
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PMID:Heterogeneity in the induction and expression of carcinoembryonic antigen-related antigens in human colon cancer cell lines. 272 Jun 85

Seventy-seven patients with polyposis coli operated on at The Mount Sinai Hospital in the last 40 years were studied. Forty-two patients had a subtotal colectomy. Sixteen were found to have colon cancer at the time of operation, and a second rectal cancer developed in 50 percent of the survivors within 1 to 13 years after subtotal colectomy. Rectal cancer subsequently developed in only 3 of 23 patients without colon cancer. Thirty-five patients had total proctocolectomy or total colectomy with mucosal proctectomy and ileoanal anastomosis. Recurrent adenomatous polyps developed in two patients after mucosal proctectomy. A villous adenoma with carcinoma in situ of the ileum developed in one patient 30 years after total proctocolectomy and ileostomy. Another patient died from a periampullary carcinoma 24 years after subtotal colectomy. It seems that as the life expectancy of patients with polyposis improves, the incidence of small bowel and duodenal cancers may be expected to increase.
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PMID:Results of surgical treatment for familial polyposis coli. 375 76

A Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEAI)-reactive glycoprotein(s) with molecular weight higher than 300,000 was detected by direct binding of 125I-labeled UEAI to lysates of rectal or sigmoid colon cancer tissues separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. This was the major UEAI-reactive molecule in tumor tissues and different tumors possessed varying reactivities. Very little UEAI binding was detected to lower molecular weight components. Histochemical localization of UEAI confirmed that the UEAI-reactive molecules were mostly localized to the surface of carcinoma cells. A total of 135 fresh tissue samples, including those from adenocarcinoma, villous adenoma, and normal mucosa in surgical specimens (69 patients), were examined to determine the reactivities of UEAI to the high molecular weight component in the tissue extracts. The quantitative binding of 125I-UEAI was compared according to the stage of colorectal cancer at the time of surgery. The relative amount of UEAI-reactive high molecular weight substance was significantly higher in the carcinomas than in normal mucosa. UEAI binding to high molecular weight regions of the polyacrylamide gel was significantly lower in primary colorectal adenocarcinomas from stage C or D patients than in those from stage B1 patients. Therefore, increased expression of the UEAI-reactive molecule was related to transformation of colorectal epithelial cells and decreased expression appeared to be associated with progression and metastatic potential.
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PMID:Ulex europeus agglutinin I-reactive high molecular weight glycoproteins of adenocarcinoma of distal colon and rectum and their possible relationship with metastatic potential. 380 84

Changes in the attitudes of surgeons toward the management of cancer of the colon and rectum over a 5-year period were assessed by analysis of responses of general surgeons to a 21-item questionnaire on colon cancer from 1978 and 1983. Comparisons of the responses revealed that the use of routine preoperative liver scans has decreased from 57 to 45 per cent. Transanal resection of villous adenoma of the rectum is used more often (44% in 1983 versus 34% in 1978). For obstructing carcinoma of the colon, a two-stage procedure is used more often, with 46 per cent of the respondents in favor of this approach in 1983 compared with 29 per cent in 1978. The use of staplers for colon anastomoses following resection has also increased with 44 per cent surgeons in 1983 using this technique always or frequently compared with 21 per cent in 1978. Following anterior resection, 66 per cent of respondents in 1983 seldom or never use a transverse colostomy (54% in 1978). The number of surgeons closing the perineal wound over suction drains following an abdominoperineal resection has increased from 46 per cent (1978) to 63 per cent in 1983. Sphincter-saving procedures for carcinoma of the rectum are used by a large number of surgeons in 1983 (29% versus 9% in 1978). An increase is noted in the use of preoperative radiation therapy for selected cases of rectal cancer (53% in 1978 to 68% in 1983).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Changing attitudes toward management of cancer of the colon and rectum. 396 19

Poorly differentiated small cell neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare primary epithelial malignancy at this location. A case of a highly aggressive NE tumor of small cell type, combined with non-invasive well-differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma in villous adenoma is reported. The patient died rapidly with massive and progressive liver metastasis. The tumor cells were argyrophilic and diffusely immunoreactive for neuronspecific enolase and synaptophysin. Ultrastructural analysis disclosed NE-type cored granules in most of the small tumor cells. NE tumors of the colon and rectum are briefly reviewed.
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PMID:Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum. 749 7

Nine cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon, secondarily involving the urinary bladder mucosa and histologically mimicking primary bladder neoplasia, are reported. Five patients presented with bladder involvement at the time of diagnosis of colon cancer; four developed vesical lesions 9 to 66 months after resection of their colonic primary. The majority (89%) had genitourinary symptoms at presentation; gastrointestinal manifestations were present in only 60% of those with synchronous colonic involvement. The initial clinical impression, largely based on cystoscopic and radiographic studies, was a bladder primary in four cases and colon cancer in five. Of the former, three (75%) were known to have a history of colon cancer. Histologically, all were enteric-type adenocarcinomas and all had features mimicking a villous adenoma of the bladder. Distinguishing a primary bladder adenocarcinoma from spread of a colonic carcinoma to the bladder may not be possible on histopathologic grounds alone. Consideration should be given to the possibility of an extravesical primary even when symptomatology, cystoscopy, radiographic studies, and histopathology suggest a primary bladder neoplasm.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the colon simulating primary urinary bladder neoplasia. A report of nine cases. 842 12


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