Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gastrointestinal cancer has in the past been regarded as a lethal extension of the malignant process. Natural history studies have confirmed that this is so in the absence of special treatments. Recently, a combined treatment approach which utilizes cytoreductive surgery to remove all visible disease within the abdomen and pelvis followed by perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has demonstrated success in phase II and phase III studies. The greatest benefit has been seen with appendiceal malignancy with cure rates approaching 80%. Also, colon cancer has been cured in approximately 30% of patients with complete removal of tumor by cytoreductive surgery. The morbidity and mortality of these procedures compares well with other gastrointestinal cancer operations. One may conclude that selected patients with carcinomatosis should expect longterm survival with a combined treatment approach using cytoreductive surgery with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
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PMID:Carcinomatosis from gastrointestinal cancer. 1500 Mar 43

Hepatic involvement in primary amyloidosis (AL type) is not rare but is often clinically silent. However, presentation with jaundice in AL-type amyloidosis is rare, with an incidence of less than 5% reported in the literature. It is considered to be a preterminal sign. We herein report on a case of primary hepatic amyloidosis presenting with severe intrahepatic cholestasis. Viral, drug, alcohol, and autoimmune etiologies were all excluded. A liver biopsy was performed because of unexplained cholestatic jaundice for 3 months. The pathology showed hepatic amyloidosis with extensive amyloid deposition in the expanded portal tracts and sinusoidal space. The patient received supportive treatment only, because of persistent jaundice, coexistent colon cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis, and possibly peritoneal carcinomatosis. Unfortunately, the patient died of sepsis 10 months after the onset of jaundice. We suggest that hepatic amyloidosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of unexplained cholestatic jaundice.
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PMID:Severe intrahepatic cholestasis in an elderly patient with primary amyloidosis and colon adenocarcinoma. 1507 94

Free malignant cells, which are frequently detected in the washing liquid from the peritoneal cavity before and after resection of human colorectal cancer, are suspected to cause recurrent peritoneal cancer. We carried out an experimental study to compare the prophylactic efficacy of washing the peritoneum with several anticancer drugs and the antiseptic povidone-iodine against the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colonic origin in rats and nude mice. The in vitro anticancer activity of a short, 15-minute exposure of pirarubicin, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 1% povidone-iodine was first evaluated by an MTT assay on DHD/K12/PROb rat and LS174T human colon cancer cells. For the in vivo experiments, BDIX rats were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 1 x 10(6) DHD/K12/PROb cells followed by peritoneal scarring and a colocolic anastomosis. A 15-minute peritoneal washing with the anticancer drugs or povidone-iodine was then performed. Nude mice were i.p.-inoculated with 1 x 10(7) LS174T human cells and treated 2 hours later with i.p. pirarubicin. Only pirarubicin, mitomycin C, and povidone-iodine were fully cytotoxic in vitro against DHD/K12/PROb rat colon cancer cells. In contrast to pirarubicin and povidone-iodine, mitomycin C was not completely active against LS174Tcells. In vivo, pirarubicin cured DHD/K12/PROb-inoculated rats, even at the site of the peritoneal scarring and intestinal anastomosis. i.p. pirarubicin prevented the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastasis in LS174T-inoculated mice. i.p. washing with pirarubicin cured 2-day-old, but not 7-day-old, peritoneal carcinomatosis in rats. Short exposure to i.p. pirarubicin is nontoxic and more active than povidone-iodine and other anticancer drugs in preventing the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colonic origin in rats and mice. The prophylactic effect of preoperative peritoneal washing with pirarubicin on the development of recurrent peritoneal cancer should be evaluated in a randomized clinical trial.
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PMID:Prevention of peritoneal carcinomatosis from colon cancer cell seeding using a pirarubicin solution in rats and nude mice. 1508 2

Hyperthermia is used to treat intraperitoneal colorectal carcinomatosis. In this setting, the molecular effects of oxaliplatin and hyperthermia, in combination and alone, were deciphered in ovarian and colon cancer cells. The combined antiproliferative effects of hyperthermia and oxaliplatin (Eloxatine) on human IGROV-1 ovarian carcinoma, Caco-2 and HT-29 colon carcinoma cell lines were investigated by cell viability test, cell cycle analysis and modulation of expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Oxaliplatin inhibited growth of all cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The efficacy of the drug was markedly enhanced by concurrent exposure to mild heat shock (1 h, 42 degree C). In IGROV-1 cells, a low concentration (15 microg/ml) of oxaliplatin in combination with hyperthermia induced a transient G2/M arrest. In both colon carcinoma cell lines, a G1/S arrest with a reduction of the G0/G1 population occurred. In IGROV-1 and Caco-2 cells, growth arrest was accompanied by apoptosis as suggested by the appearance of sub-G1 population. Time-course changes of cell cycle regulatory proteins levels revealed accumulation of cyclins A and B as well as of cdc2 and cdk2 upon exposure of IGROV-1 cells to hyperthermia and oxaliplatin. In this cell line, p53 appeared to be implicated in both G2/M arrest and apoptosis. G1/S arrest of HT-29 cells was linked to up-regulation of cyclin E and p27(Kip1) and accumulation of the hypophosphorylated form of pRB, whereas in Caco-2 cells only the hyperphosphorylated form was detected as well as a down-regulation of the proto-oncogene c-myc. Taken together, the results of these in vitro studies suggest that hyperthermia and oxaliplatin might elicit antiproliferative effects by modulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins through different signalling pathways.
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PMID:Thermal enhancement of oxaliplatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in human carcinoma cell lines. 1520 21

Peritoneal surface malignancy usually results from implantation of gastrointestinal cancer. In the past, this clinical situation was treated with palliative intent. A definitive approach to peritoneal surface malignancy involves peritonectomy procedures, visceral resections, perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and knowledgeable patient selection. The quantitative prognostic indicators necessary for valid clinical judgements include the cancer histopathology (invasive vs. expansive progression), the preoperative abdominal and pelvic CT, the peritoneal cancer index and the completeness of cytoreduction score. Proper patient selection is mandatory for optimizing the results of treatment. In a series of phase II studies, appendiceal tumors with peritoneal seeding became the paradigm for success with an 85% long-term survival in selected patients. Carcinomatosis from colon cancer had an overall 5-year survival of 45% with selected patients. In all malignancies, early aggressive treatment of minimal peritoneal surface dissemination showed the greatest benefit. The definitive prognostic indicator was the complete cytoreduction. Oncologists must seek new knowledge regarding the management of peritoneal surface dissemination of cancer because a curative approach has been demonstrated in large phase II studies; in contrast all historical controls show 0% long-term survival. Additional adjuvant phase III studies with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy in diseases where peritoneal surface spread occurs are indicated.
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PMID:Peritoneal surface oncology: review of a personal experience with colorectal and appendiceal malignancy. 1600 67

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of intraabdominal malignancies, such as pancreatic, ovarian, gastric, and colorectal cancers, represents an unmet medical need as conventional cancer treatments rarely eliminate these tumors. Satisfactory treatment for either peritoneally disseminated tumors or prevention of local recurrence after surgery is yet to be developed. To improve the efficacy of novel strategies against peritoneal metastasis, a sensitive, and less invasive model is needed to scrutinize the in vivo tumor growth and response to experimental therapeutics. To study this we intraperitoneally inoculated CT-26 stably expressing luciferase (CT-26-Luc) to mimic tumor spreading within the abdomen. Bioluminescent signals emitted from the living experimental mice correlate well with the injected cell numbers as well as the weights of dissected tumors. Since a nonviral cationic liposome coupled mutant pro-apoptotic gene, Bik(T33D/S35D) (BikDD), was previously shown to have potent anti-cancer effects on an orthotopic breast cancer animal model (Li et al., Cancer Res 63(22):7630-7633, 2003), we evaluated the inhibitory effect of BikDD on the growth kinetics of intraperitoneally inoculated CT-26-Luc. We found that intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of liposome coupled BikDD suppressed the expansion of CT-26-Luc and prolonged life span of experimental mice. These results suggest a therapeutic effect of BikDD gene therapy on peritoneal carcinomatosis of colon cancer.
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PMID:Mutant Bik gene transferred by cationic liposome inhibits peritoneal disseminated murine colon cancer. 1763 8

Intraoperative chemotherapy with heat has been identified as a treatment option for patients with cancer spread to peritoneal surfaces. This treatment modality is viewed as a supplement to several other treatments for this group of patients including cytoreductive surgery, systemic chemotherapy, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and long-term bidirectional chemotherapy. The pharmacologic basis for using heat to supplement chemotherapy effects are related to the increased penetration of chemotherapy into tumor with hyperthermia, the delayed clearance of chemotherapy from the peritoneal cavity after direct instillation, and an increased cytotoxicity that has been documented with selected chemotherapy agents. Data to support the use of perioperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with mucinous appendiceal carcinomatosis comes from a large number of single institution phase II studies. Also, peritoneal and pleural mesothelioma are benefited. In colon cancer carcinomatosis, large phase II multi-institutional trials and a single phase III trial documented an increased median survival of these patients from approximately 1 year to over 2 years. Prophylaxis against peritoneal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer has been demonstrated in phase III trials. In ovarian cancer the rationale for this treatment remains large but its current application is limited. Much work needs to be done to identify a proper clinical perspective on hyperthermia used with chemotherapy in patients with peritoneal surface malignancy.
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PMID:Laboratory and clinical basis for hyperthermia as a component of intracavitary chemotherapy. 1770 34

Peritoneal carcinomatosis, considered years ago as a final stage of unresectable cancer, can now be managed with curative intention by means of a radical cytoreductive surgical procedure with associated peritonectomy and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, as described by Sugarbaker. Malignant neoplasms such as mesothelioma and pseudomyxoma peritonei, ovarian and colon cancer nowadays are experiencing some new therapeutical approaches. Higher survival rates can be reached in ovarian cancer, which is commonly diagnosed in the presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis, using an optimal cytoreductive radical surgery with intraperitoneal chemotherapy. An actualised review of the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer and a proposal of a national multicentre protocol for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer has been performed by a group of Spanish surgeons and oncologists dedicated to a therapeutical approach to this pathology.
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PMID:Treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancer. Present, future directions and proposals. 1797 26

We performed combination therapy with oxaliplatin/l-LV/5-FU (FOLFOX 4) in a patient with recurrent colorectal cancer (a 58-year-old man) who had pleural effusion and ascites. This resulted in disappearance of the pleural effusion and ascites, as well as negative tumor markers. Surgery was performed for sigmoid colon cancer on September 29, 2004. In February 2006, abdominal swelling was observed, and CEA increased to 15 ng/mL with multiple intraabdominal tumor nodules. The patient was diagnosed as having peritonitis carcinomatosis associated with recurrent sigmoid colon cancer, and was treated with FOLFOX 4. CEA was 134.9 ng/mL before treatment, but became negative after six courses, while his pleural effusion and ascites disappeared after 10 courses of treatment. This treatment also appeared to be useful for recurrent colorectal cancer with peritoneal dissemination.
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PMID:[A patient with recurrent sigmoid colon cancer in whom pleural effusion and ascites resolved after FOLFOX 4 therapy]. 1807 36

Peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer is common and associated with poor prognosis, which poses a serious challenge and satisfactory treatments are urgently needed. Hyperthermic CO2 pneumoperitoneum (HT-CO2) is a new strategy. This study was designed to determine the potential of HT-CO2 against colorectal cancer cells. Based on an in vitro HT-CO2 study model, the anti-tumor efficacy of HT-CO2 (42-44 degrees C for 2-4 h) on human colon cancer COLO 205 cells was evaluated and the mechanisms of actions were analyzed. We found that HT-CO2 (43-44 degrees C for 2-4 h) significantly decreased cell viability as determined by WST-8 assay, and the cytotoxicity was attributable to HT-CO2-induced hyperthermia and extracellular acidification. Apoptosis was the major form of cell killing as demonstrated by Annexin-V/PI flow cytometry and morphological analysis (Hoechst/PI fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy). Further Western blot analysis and flow cytometric analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential showed that Bax-associated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway played critical role in the induction of apoptosis. We conclude that HT-CO2 has significant cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cells through induction of Bax-associated mitochondrial apoptosis, and the cytocidal effect is attributable to HT-CO2-induced hyperthermia and extracellular acidifications. Our data suggest that HT-CO2 may serve as a potential candidate for treating and/or preventing peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer and further investigations both in vitro as well as in vivo in animal models are needed.
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PMID:Hyperthermic CO2 pneumoperitoneum induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells through Bax-associated mitochondrial pathway. 1809 78


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