Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study describes chest radiographic features of thoracic metastatic disease (TMD) in patients referred for colon cancer to a pediatric oncology hospital. The study group was comprised of 9 patients (7 males, 2 females, age 13-19 years) with serial chest radiographs demonstrating TMD from colon cancer. All patients had a chest radiograph performed within the 2 months prior to death. The median interval from diagnosis of colon cancer to appearance of radiographic TMD was 3 months. Four of nine patients had TMD at presentation, eight of nine patients within 2 years of diagnosis. All abnormalities progressed on serial radiographs. The median interval from appearance of radiographic abnormalities to death was 2 months. Radiographic findings included pleural effusions (n = 6), lymphadenopathy (n = 5), lymphangitic carcinomatosis (n = 4), solitary pulmonary nodule (n = 2), and lobar atelectasis (n = 1). Five patients with pleural effusions initially had right-sided effusions. Radiographic TMD in adolescents with colon cancer usually occurs within 2 years of diagnosis. Once TMD manifests, the prognosis is dismal. Findings include pleural effusions, lymphadenopathy, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, solitary pulmonary nodules, and lobar atelectasis. We suggest that metastatic colon carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis for lymphangitic spread of tumor in adolescents.
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PMID:Chest radiographic features of thoracic metastatic disease in adolescents with colon cancer. 788 81

In a model of colon cancer in rats (peritoneal carcinomatosis), IL-8 was found to have a highly reproducible antitumoural effect. During IL-8-induced tumour regression the infiltration of nodules by CD4+ T lymphocytes was enhanced. However, splenic lymphocytes did not proliferate in response to tumour cells in vitro. IL-8 antitumour effect was associated with a local but not with a systemic activation of T lymphocytes.
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PMID:Interleukin-8 antitumour effect is associated with a local infiltration but not with a systemic activation of T lymphocytes. 807 1

The correlation between the activation of macrophages by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from four different bacterial species and their antitumor effect in a rat model of colon cancer was investigated. The efficacy of LPS from Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), Salmonella minnesota (Sm), Escherichia coli (Ec) and Bordetella pertussis (Bp) was evaluated as the smallest concentration inducing rat peritoneal macrophages (pm psi) to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and nitric oxide (NO). The cytokine production was measured in bioassays and NO production quantitatively with Griess reactant. Nm was the most effective LPS with concentrations of 1 ng/10(6) pm psi for the induction of TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 activities and 0.01 ng/10(6) pm psi for the induction of NO production. The range between efficacy of different LPS was broad from 1 to 10(4)-10(5) for TNF activity, 1 to 10(2)-10(3) for NO production and IL-6 activity and 1 to 10-10(2) for IL-1 activity. In vivo antitumor effect was evaluated on the growth of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Complete tumor regressions were observed, the LPS rating with respect to decreasing efficacy was Nm, Sm, Ec then Bp; Nm, Sm and Ec were very closed while Bp was not effective. These results show the correlation between the antitumor effect in vivo of LPS and their capacity to induce in vitro IL-1 activity, but not between their ability to induce NO production, TNF and IL-6 activities.
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PMID:Correlation between the capacity to activate macrophages in vitro and the antitumor activity in vivo of lipopolysaccharides from different bacterial species. 808 53

Since liposomes are slowly resorbed from serous cavities, they may constitute a valuable tool for the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. We prepared mitoxantrone (MXN)-liposomes with various lipid compositions and checked their antitumoral activity on a peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by a colon cancer cell injection (1 x 10(5) C51 cells) in BALB/c mice. MXN entrapment in liposomes was rapid and stable due to its high lipophilicity. MXN carried in phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol (2:1; G-liposomes) displayed a reduced toxicity in mice compared to the free drug. When tested at a non-toxic dose (2 mg/kg), MXN entrapped in G-liposomes proved to be as efficient as the free drug. At a higher MXN dose (3 mg/kg), both G-liposomes and phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol:dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (7:2:1) liposomes, loaded with MXN, significantly increased the life span of mice compared to the free drug and six other liposome formulations. Increase in the MXN therapeutic index, when used in the liposomal form, could then merit further clinical investigations in regard to patients with malignancies confined to serous cavities.
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PMID:Liposomal mitoxantrone for the local treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by colon cancer cells in mice. 816 30

In a model of colon cancer in syngeneic rats, a new immunomodulator, OM 163, induced the complete disappearance of peritoneal carcinomatosis (nodules measuring 1-5 mm) in 41 out of 82 rats. Those results were confirmed in a survival experiment in which 3 out of 10 treated rats died free of tumour 10, 18 and 28 months after the tumour cell injection while all the untreated control rats died of their tumours within 3 months. OM 163 had a systemic effect, since injected intraperitoneally it completely inhibited the growth of lung metastases in 13 out of 20 rats. The antitumour effect of OM 163 was also observed in two rat strains on original tumours. Lymphocyte infiltration was observed in the tumours mainly constituted of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The treatment had no effect in nude rats, confirming the involvement of T lymphocytes. Furthermore, rats cured by OM 163 were protected against a second challenge of tumour cells and in a Winn's assay, splenocytes from cured rats protected normal rats against tumour cells.
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PMID:Involvement of T lymphocytes in curative effect of a new immunomodulator OM 163 on rat colon cancer metastases. 828 Apr 96

Cavitation (volume oscillations and collapse of gas bubbles), as generated by a co-administration of shockwaves (SW) and microbubbles (SWB), induces cytotoxicity in vitro. Moreover, cavitation potentiates the effects of Fluorouracil (FUra) on colon cancer cells. We aimed at reproducing such effects in vivo. A peritoneal carcinomatosis was induced in BDIX rats by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of DHDK12PROb cells. Cavitation was produced by various SW regimens (250 to 750SW) combined with bubbles (air/gelatin emulsion) infused through an IP catheter. In two consecutive experiments, microtumours (day 3 after cell injection) were submitted to various combinations of cavitation and/or Fluorouracil (FUra) and Cisplatinum (CDDP) at either high or low doses. After 30 days, 100% of control animals were dead or presented carcinomatosis with ascites, vs 60% after FUra 5 mg kg dy, day 4 through 8, and 0% after 250 SWB, day 4 and 6 + FUra 5 mg kg dy, day 4 through 8 (P < 0.001); similar differences were found with CDDP. Survival after low dose FUra + SWB was comparable to high dose FUra (25 mg kg dy day through 8) and was improved as compared to low-dose FUra alone. Only a high dose FUra + SWB schedule induced 40% long term (> 150 days) disease-free survival, but also a higher undesirable toxicity (40% toxic deaths within 1 month). It is concluded that cavitation is cytotoxic in vivo and that it potentiates the effects of FUra and CDDP in this animal model.
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PMID:In vivo effects of cavitation alone or in combination with chemotherapy in a peritoneal carcinomatosis in the rat. 831 2

In order to assess the effect of octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, on the growth of colon peritoneal carcinomatosis, 20 BDIX rats were injected i.p. with 1 x 10(6) colon cancer cells (DHD/K12 tumor cell line) and received octreotide, 65 micrograms/kg s.c. every 12 h (n = 10) or saline (n = 10) for 42 days, starting 3 days after tumor cell injection. Animals were killed at the end of the treatment. The mean volume of ascites was lower in the octreotide group (33.7 +/- 7.6 ml), than in the control group (67.5 +/- 16.3 ml; P < 0.05). The extent of peritoneal carcinomatosis (in five classes according to a previously published classification) was lower in the octreotide group (P < 0.05). Cell proliferation, using the BrdU technique, was markedly inhibited by octreotide (labeling index of tumor cells: 17.0 +/- 0.6% vs. 26.3 +/- 2.2% in controls, P < 0.001). No significant decrease in labeling index was observed in normal colonic mucosa. Two subtypes of somatostatin receptors were found in all tumors, using the 30F3 monoclonal antireceptor antibody. KD and Bmax values were not significantly different in the octreotide and control groups: high affinity, low capacity receptors (KD = 1.4 x 10(-10) M and 0.7 x 10(-10) M, respectively; Bmax = 3.8 and 2.9 pmol/mg protein, respectively); low affinity, high capacity receptors (KD = 1 +/- 0.2 x 10(-9) M and 5.5 +/- 0.05 x 10(-10) M, respectively; Bmax = 27.8 +/- 0.1 and 22.8 +/- 0.05 pmol/mg protein, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Octreotide (SMS 201-995) inhibits the growth of colon peritoneal carcinomatosis in BDIX rats. 844 19

The management and outcome of 80 women with an undiagnosed pelvic mass who were referred to the Gynecologic Oncology Division at the University of Rochester during a one year period were reviewed. All patients underwent an exploratory laparotomy for definitive diagnosis. We correlated the final diagnosis with the results of preoperative evaluation and intraoperative assessment. Of the 80 patients, 48 were diagnosed with malignant disease. Of patients with carcinoma, 32 had carcinoma of the ovaries, two had other gynecologic malignancies, ten had nongynecologic malignancies and four had synchronous gynecologic and nongynecologic carcinomas. Carcinoma of the colon and rectum was the most common nongynecologic carcinoma; other malignant diseases were found in the endometrium, vagina, colon and rectum and the breast as well as lymphoma. Preoperative roentgenographic examinations and colonoscopy only had a sensitivity of 38 percent in detecting primary carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Ultrasound of the pelvic region and computed tomographic scan of the abdomen did not improve prediction of malignant disease in the patient population. Serum CA 125 was elevated in 26 of 37 patients with a carcinoma; however, it was elevated with relatively equal frequency in carcinomas of the ovaries and colon and rectum. Intraoperative frozen section accurately identified the primary site of the disease in 90 percent of the patients. However, in the presence of a tumor in the ovaries, carcinomatosis and a tumor in the colon, the results of frozen section were erroneous in four of six patients. Because preoperative assessment seems to be of limited value in excluding nongynecologic lesions, we recommend that pelvic surgeons be prepared to manage operatively a variety of malignant disease or have appropriate consultation available at laparotomy.
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PMID:Diagnoses after laparotomy for a mass in the pelvic area in women. 846 Apr 8

Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a major cause of surgical treatment failure in patients with colorectal cancer. In the past patients with this condition have had a lethal outcome. In this study, 64 consecutive patients were treated by the cytoreductive approach, which involved surgery to maximally resect all cancer in the abdomen and pelvis, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C, and three cycles of adjuvant intraperitoneal 5-FU with systemic mitomycin C. The clinical features that may affect prognosis were assessed and critically analyzed statistically. Peritoneal implant size of < 5 cm present in the abdomen and pelvis at the time of exploration correlated with a good prognosis (p < 0.0001), as did complete cytoreduction with tumor removed to nodules < 2.5 mm (p < 0.0001). Involvement of only one or two of the five abdominopelvic regions, compared to three or more regions, was a significant determinant of prognosis (p < 0.0001). Finally, a mucinous histologic type correlated adversely with prognosis when compared to intestinal-type adenocarcinomas (p < 0.001). These data suggest that patients with small-volume peritoneal seeding from colon cancer should be treated with cytoreductive surgery and aggressive regional and systemic chemotherapy in an attempt to achieve long-term disease-free survival.
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PMID:Peritoneal carcinomatosis from adenocarcinoma of the colon. 866 35

Peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendical or colorectal cancer has been regarded as a fatal clinical entity. We used cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy to treat consecutive patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. There were 43 colorectal and 104 appendiceal cancer patients. The mean follow-up was 32 months, with a range of 0-140 months. Clinical features that showed prognostic significance included appendiceal versus colorectal primary (p < 0.0001), grade I versus grades II and III histopathology (p < 0.0001), complete versus incomplete cytoreduction (p < 0.0001), lymph node-negative versus lymph node-positive primary tumor (p < 0.0001), volume of peritoneal carcinomatosis present preoperatively for colon cancer (p < 0.0002), and nonmoderate versus heavy prior surgery (p < 0.0043). Features with no statistical prognostic significance include tumor volume for appendiceal cancer, age, sex, number of cycles of chemotherapy, operative time, complications, blood loss, and institution providing treatment. From these prognostic features, four staging groups were identified and 5 year survival was estimated by the product-limit survival method. Group I patients (n = 61) were those with grade I histology, no lymph node metastases, and a complete cytoreduction (survival at 5 years = 90%). Group II (n = 20) patients are those with grade II or III histology, no lymph node metastases, and a complete cytoreduction (62%). Group III patients (n = 22) had any histology, lymph node metastases, and a complete cytoreduction (45%). Group IV patients (n = 44) had an incomplete cytoreduction (12%). Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a treatable condition in selected patients with a possibility for long-term disease-free survival.
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PMID:Prognostic features for peritoneal carcinomatosis in colorectal and appendiceal cancer patients when treated by cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. 883 78


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