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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The overall importance of nutrition to favorable perinatal outcome is only beginning to be fully appreciated. Although nutritional status can be linked to such things as socioeconomic class and education, it is nutrition directly that exerts a biologic effect. This review has attempted to look at three elements and their relationship to maternal and fetal outcome. At the present time, there does not seem to be a role for routine magnesium supplementation during pregnancy. Magnesium deficiency, as an isolated nutritional deficiency, is rare, and the evidence is, at best, weak that magnesium supplementation reduces the risk of poor perinatal outcome. Zinc deficiency is also a very rare isolated nutritional finding. Our ability to measure zinc accurately, be it in leukocytes or serum, is improving, but the routine use of zinc supplements during pregnancy cannot be recommended at this time. It may be that zinc will be a useful diagnostic marker, rather than a therapeutic intervention. There is substantial evidence that the average American diet does not contain sufficient calcium. An expansive literature continues to grow in the areas of calcium and colon cancer, calcium and breast cancer, calcium and hypertension, and calcium and osteoporosis. Is it possible that our susceptibilities to these problems begin in utero? Obviously, the answer is unknown. What is known is that supplemental calcium to some degree is needed in the diets of most Americans and in about two thirds of pregnant women. Calcium supplementation seems to affect blood pressure favorably and, pending confirmation with larger trials, may significantly reduce prematurity and preeclampsia risk, thus improving perinatal outcome for a large number of our high-risk patients.
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PMID:Calcium, magnesium, and zinc supplementation and perinatal outcome. 186 34

We have established a colon cancer-prone substrain in WF strain rats strictly bred by sister x brother mating for more than 20 years. Colon carcinomas were located only in the ascending colon with no remote metastases. Each incidence of colon carcinoma varied from 30 to 40% in the respective investigation. There was no apparent sex difference. Approximately 9% of colon carcinomas were associated with gastric carcinoma in the prepyloric region and they died within four months of age due to malnutrition and intestinal bleeding. There were a few cases of carcinomas of the terminal ileum and the rectum. All of these carcinomas from three different portions showed histologically well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma. It was found that about 40% of colon carcinomas showed spontaneous regression in the period from four to twelve months old. We have also succeeded in establishing two lines of the transplantable colon carcinoma (C1 and C2) and the transplantable gastric carcinoma (S1 and S3) from those of spontaneous colon carcinomas and gastric carcinomas. Then recipient female rats inoculated intraperitoneally with these transplantable carcinomas newly developed adenocarcinomas of the corpus uteri, which had never been found in the rats of this strain. In addition, the transplantable tumor line of adenocarcinoma of the corpus uteri was also established (U2). When transplanted these tumors intraperitoneally (S1, S3, C1, C2 and U2), male and female recipient rats extremely increased in the incidence of carcinomas of the stomach and the colon. As far as female recipient rats were concerned, a large number of carcinomas of the corpus uteri were also found regardless of the derivation of tumors. We believe that the established colon cancer-prone rat strain (WF-Osaka) as well as those of transplantable tumor lines will open a further research fields and will be available as an animal model of colon cancer for human beings.
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PMID:A study on colon cancer-prone rats of WF-Osaka strain. 248 90

Factors influencing the depression of natural killer (NK) activity and its prevention were studied in 57 esophageal cancer patients. NK activity off peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by a 51Cr-release assay against K-562 target cells. NK activity in esophageal cancer patients was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals and tended to be lower compared with those in stomach and colon cancer patients. The depression of NK activity was significantly correlated with the reduction of serum albumin level, creatinine height index of nutritional assessment. The activity was also suppressed in proportion to the size of cancer and its staging. Both preoperative radiation and surgery markedly depressed NK activity. Postoperative depression recovered to the Preoperative level 4 weeks after operation. These results indicated that malnutrition, cancer bearing and therapeutic stress were associated with the depression of NK activity. As the preventive measures against such depression of NK activity, avoidance of preoperative radiation and better selection for two-stage operation enhanced recovery of the depressed NK activity. Furthermore, the preoperative administration of OK-432, as n immuno-activator, could be effective to minimize a decrease of NK activity related to radiation and surgery, and to accelerate its recovery to the level before treatment.
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PMID:[Factors influencing depression of natural killer activity and its prevention in esophageal cancer patients]. 270 63

Nutritional deficiencies are suspected to be contributing factors to several types of human cancers. Studies with laboratory animals have demonstrated that deficiencies in certain nutrients can enhance chemically induced carcinogenesis. In this review, we discuss several possible mechanisms for the involvement of nutritional deficiencies in carcinogenic processes, and note that different severities of deficiency may have varied effects on these processes. The relationship between results from studies with animals and the genesis of human cancer is discussed, and the application of the concept of nutrient density in relating experimental animal diets to human dietary conditions is emphasized. We also discuss in detail several recent studies that potentially may have a great impact on the prevention of human cancer. These include (1) the possible involvement of micronutrient deficiencies in carcinogenesis of the esophagus; (2) the effects of choline/methionine deprivation and calcium supplementation on liver carcinogenesis; and (3) the roles of low-calcium and high-fat intake on development of colon cancer. The possible mechanistic link between teratogenesis and carcinogenic processes is noted.
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PMID:The role of micronutrient deficiency in carcinogenesis. 332 93

Nutrition and cancer interact in a number of important ways and nutritional factors are increasingly recognized as relevant to both the prevention and treatment of cancer. The role of several nutrients in cancer development is considered briefly here. Deficiency of riboflavin (Vitamin B2) prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing animals, but may accelerate carcinogenesis caused by certain agents, as flavin cofactors are involved in drug and carcinogen metabolism. Deficiency of Vitamin A may enhance the development of tumors of epithelial origin, particularly lung. Evidence is accumulating that Vitamin A and/or its precursors, the B-carotenes, may possibly have an effect in chemoprevention of certain of these epithelial cancers both in animals and in man. The consumption of dietary fat among various nations is correlated closely with increased development of cancers of the breast, colon, and prostate, and possibly of other organs. Studies of migrant populations from Japan to the United States show changes in prevalence of stomach and colon cancer in the direction of the native United States population. Sources of nitrites are of concern because of their potential conversion to carcinogenic nitrosamines. Limitation of the delivery of nitrites may be difficult to accomplish so investigators are exploring the blockade of conversion of nitrites to nitrosamines. Nutrition should not be viewed as the sole means of cancer prevention and treatment but rather as a vital component of any treatment plan.
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PMID:Nutrition and cancer: state of the art relationship of several nutrients to the development of cancer. 718 45

Rhinocerebral phycomycosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection with ubiquitous fungi of the class Phycomycetes, starting in the nose and extending to the paranasal sinuses and then intracranially. The condition is often characterized by poor prognosis because of occlusion of the internal carotid artery. This disease is commonly associated with predispositions such as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, which is the most common, immunosuppressive states and metabolic bankruptcy including leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, malnutrition, uremic or diarrheal acidosis, severe burns, anemia, carcinoma, radiotherapy, liver cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, tuberculosis, septicemia, long-term medication of steroid, antibiotics and antimetabolite, drug addiction, cytotoxic drug administration and AIDS. Cases with unknown predisposition, however, have been infrequently reported in the literature. The authors report a case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis in which concurrence of Candida species instead of the above-mentioned common predispositions was considered a potential predisposition. To our knowledge, only 1 report in which Candida species are referred to as a potential predisposition for this disease has been previously issued. A 85-year-old man was admitted to our hospital on March 2, 1994 because of generalized convulsion. He had received a total extirpation of an ascending colon cancer in July 1993. On admission, physical inspection showed no abnormalities and neurological examination revealed obtunded consciousness without other abnormalities. He had no diabetes mellitus. Hematological and blood chemistry values were normal except for CA19-9 of 45 U/ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of rhinocerebral phycomycosis]. 760 36

A 65 year-old female presented with diarrhea, body weight loss, malnutrition, elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and electrolyte disturbances. A series of examinations showed colon cancer with a malignant duodenocolic fistula. Patient received extended right hemicolectomy with wide local excision of the duodenum (en bloc resection of the tumor). Recovery was smooth without local recurrence or metastasis after a six-month follow-up. Wide en bloc resection provides the only hope of cure in such cases. Treatment with extended right hemicolectomy with Whipple's procedure, or extended right hemicolectomy with extended local wide excision of duodenum, should be chosen, depending upon the extent of tumor invasion.
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PMID:Malignant duodenocolic fistula: a case report. 825 65

von Willebrand factor (vWF) multimeric pattern and von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity (vWF-cp) were studied using plasmas from patients with advanced stage- and limited stage-malignant tumors. Deficiency of highly polymeric forms of vWF was observed in plasmas from 7 of 11 patients tested. vWF-cp activity was deficient in plasma samples of six patients with advanced stage-malignant tumors (ranging from 6% to 30% activity of normal plasma), whereas an essentially normal vWF-cp activity was observed in samples taken from patients with limited stage-malignant tumors. Inhibitor of vWF-cp was not detected in any plasma samples tested. To further analyze the relevance of this enzymatic activity in metastatic diagnosis, a study of vWF-cp activity was conducted in 17 patients with colon cancer, and it was shown that deficiency of vWF-cp was associated with the progression of the disease.
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PMID:Deficiency of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity in the plasma of malignant patients. 1209 Oct 44

Obesity is the most prevalent and serious nutritional disease among western countries and is rapidly replacing undernutrition as the most common form of malnutrition in the world. Approximately 300,000 deaths a year are currently associated with overweight and obesity, second only to cigarette smoking as a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Obesity effects 9 organ systems and is a risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis, and colon cancer. Evidence-based guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity have recently been developed by the National Institutes of Health to help practitioners effectively manage their patients. The body mass index is used to classify weight status and risk of disease. Treatment for obesity includes lifestyle management, consisting of diet therapy, physical activity, and behavioral modification, and may include pharmacotherapy or surgery based on level of risk. Currently only 2 medications, sibutramine and orlistat, are approved for long-term use. An initial weight loss of 10% of body weight achieved over 6 months is a recommended target. This article reviews the evaluation and management of the adult obese patient.
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PMID:Medical management of obesity. 1223 Mar 15

A 65-year-old male in malnutrition due to advanced colon cancer underwent resection of transverse colon tumor and the invaded abdominal muscles with necrosis and abscess. After epidural catheter insertion between Th 10-11 for 9 cm cephalad, anesthesia was induced with thiopental 200 mg and fentanyl 50 micrograms. Tracheal intubation was done with vecuronium 5 mg, and anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane with nitrous oxide in oxygen and epidural block. During surgery, systolic blood pressure often went up to 130 to 140 mmHg and down to 50 to 60 mmHg. Dopamine 3-5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 was administered but occasional ephedrine bolus injection was still necessary. The intestine, including the intact part, was edematous. After the surgery, when systolic blood pressure was stable at about 130 mmHg and his consciousness was clear with regular spontaneous respiration, the tracheal tube was removed. However, soon after the extubation, expiratory stridor and cyanosis of the bilateral hands and feet were observed. Hydrocortisone 200 mg and nicardipine 0.5 mg were administered and room temperature was raised. About 30 minutes later, stridor and cyanosis subsided. In the ward after surgery, only hoarseness was observed. The stridor might have been due to the laryngeal edema, which could be attributed to stimulation by tracheal tube in the patient with malnutrition. The hemodynamic instability during surgery and cyanosis after extubation might have come from changes of the vascular resistance by sepsis.
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PMID:[A case report of the laryngeal edema and peripheral cyanosis after extubation of the tracheal tube]. 1367 88


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