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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of gastrointestinal cancers differ greatly internationally. Blacks have higher rates than whites for esophagus, stomach, liver, and pancreatic cancer in the U.S. Differences also occur between other racial groups. Studies on migrants suggest environmental causes for these differences. Stomach cancer rates have fallen, intestine cancer is stable, pancreatic cancer rates rose, but are now falling in males. The incidence of colon, rectal, breast, corpus-uterus, ovary, and prostate cancer are positively correlated, but colon or rectal and stomach cancer are negatively correlated. Colon and rectal cancer mortality are positively and stomach cancer negatively associated with social class. Esophageal, liver, colon, and pancreatic cancer in males are higher in urban areas. Seventh Day Adventists and Mormons show a low risk of colon cancer. Internationally intake of fat is correlated with colon, rectal, and pancreatic cancer, and starch with stomach cancer.
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PMID:Risk factors from geographic epidemiology for gastrointestinal cancer. 713 47

Colon carcinomas develop at the site of implantation in approximately 6% of patients who undergo ureterosigmoidostomy for benign conditions. Generally, the obstruction of a long-functioning ureterosigmoidostomy heralds the presentation of the malignancy. The development of a carcinoma of the colon at the site of the ureteral stump 22 years after conversion to ileal conduit in a ureterosigmoidostomy, which had been in place for only nine months, raises fundamental questions about the pathogenesis of the tumor. The long-assumed role of urine in the induction of these iatrogenic tumors must be questioned. This issue and suggestions for management and prevention are discussed.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the colon arising at ureteral implant sites despite early external diversion: pathogenetic and clinical implications. 722 98

A clinical study to evaluate the Makari Intradermal Test (MIT) involved 180 patients seen with symptoms suggestive of malignant disease, 85 of whom were subsequently shown to have carcinoma of the large bowel, and 66 asymptomatic volunteers. The prognostic value of initial and serial studies relative to patient-survival rate and the efficacy of serial studies in detecting disease in long-term follow-up of patients with resected malignant lesions were evaluated. On the basis of this study, the MIT appears to merit further investigation, not as a definitive diagnostic procedure, but as a survey for identifying patients with early malignancy or individuals at high risk to malignant epigenesis.
Dis Colon Rectum 1981 Apr
PMID:Clinical evaluation of the Makari Intradermal Test in patients with cancer of the colon and rectum. 722 29

Patients with pancolonic chronic ulcerative colitis are at increased risk to develop carcinoma of the colon. Controversy continues, however, as to whether this carcinoma is more "virulent" than "type ordinaire" carcinoma of the colon and as to the best way to manage these patients. This study reviews the characteristics and survival of 70 patients with cancer of the colon superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. Patients with carcinoma identified incidentally during prophylactic colectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis fared well (5-year survival of 72 per cent), while those with clinical symptoms or radiographic suggestion of cancer had a poor survival rate (5-year survival of 35 per cent). Patients with panproctocolitis, 10 years of disease, and early onset of disease are most likely to have cancer superimposed on chronic ulcerative colitis. This cancer is likely to have a poorer prognosis than type ordinaire cancer of the colon. Prophylactic proctocolectomy should be considered before evidence suggesting carcinoma develops.
Dis Colon Rectum 1980 Apr
PMID:Carcinoma of the colon and rectum complicating chronic ulcerative colitis. 737 68

It is widely accepted that carcinoma of the large bowel is common in the Western world because we eat a low-residue diet which causes fecal stasis. The part of the large bowel with the most stasis is the appendix, which has similar mucosa; but the incidence of carcinoma per unit area of appendicular mucosa is four times less than carcinoma per unit area of large bowel. Therefore, fecal stasis is probably not important in the etiology of carcinoma of the appendix.
Dis Colon Rectum 1980 Sep
PMID:Carcinoma of colon and appendix related to fecal stasis. 741 78

Colon cancers commonly have allelic losses of chromosome 22q, which suggests the presence of a tumor suppressor gene on 22q. The candidate tumor suppressor gene on 22q is the neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene. Using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, we screened 24 pairs of colorectal cancer and adjacent normal mucosa, as well as 10 colon cancer cell lines from non-NF2 patients, for mutations in the coding sequence of the NF2 gene. Two SSCP variants, one in exon 14 and another one in exon 16, were detected in two of the sporadic colorectal cancers, but not in adjacent normal mucosa samples. Sequencing of these variants in one tumor detected an A-to-G transition in bp 1459 of the NF2 cDNA, resulting in the change of Ile to Val at codon 487 of merlin, the NF2 protein product. The other tumor showed a 2-bp (CT) deletion in the intronic sequence of the alternatively spliced exon 16. These results suggest that the NF2 gene is probably involved in some colorectal tumors, but is not the critical chromosome 22q tumor suppressor gene involved in colon tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Neurofibromatosis 2 gene in human colorectal cancer. 749 38

The role of surgery in the management of intra-abdominal recurrence of colon cancer has not been clearly determined. We reviewed the charts of 28 patients operated upon at our institution for nonhepatic intra-abdominal recurrence of carcinoma of the colon and followed for a median of 10.5 months after reoperation. Total resection of gross disease was possible in 15 patients, who had a median overall actuarial survival of 25.5 months and a disease-free survival of 13 months. Within this group, disease-free survival was significantly prolonged when time to first recurrence was greater than 16 months and when patients had not had a prior operation for recurrent disease (P < 0.05). Six patients having a partial resection and seven patients having only a bypass or ostomy had significantly shorter survivals than those in the totally resected group, with median survivals of 8 and 3.5 months, respectively (P < 0.05). Operative management of recurrent colon cancer may prolong survival when disease can be eradicated, and palliative operations appear more successful when tumor is resected rather than bypassed.
Dis Colon Rectum 1993 Jun
PMID:Surgical management of nonhepatic intra-abdominal recurrence of carcinoma of the colon. 768 66

The increased risk of rapid acetylator humans for the development of colorectal cancer has created interest in experimental animal models to study the relationship of N-acetyltransferase phenotype to colon cancer. Colon cytosols from inbred mouse lines were assayed for the ability to N-acetylate 2-aminofluorene to determine if the mouse model of the N-acetyltransferase polymorphism could be used to study this relationship. The results indicate that the colon acetylcoenzyme A: 2-aminofluorene-N-acetyltransferase activity parallels that of the liver. Colon activity from slow acetylator (A and B6.A) mouse lines is significantly lower than that of rapid acetylator (B6, B6.D, and A.B6) lines. p-Aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity also differed between colon cytosols from rapid and slow acetylator strains. Isoniazid acetylation in colon and in liver did not differ between phenotypes. Northern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of mRNA for both NAT-1 and NAT-2 in mouse colon as well as in mouse liver. These results indicate that the N-acetyltransferase polymorphism is expressed in mouse colon when 2-aminofluorene or p-aminobenzoic acid is used as substrate and therefore the mouse may be a model for study of the effect of acetylator phenotype on development of colorectal cancer in humans.
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PMID:Polymorphic N-acetylation of 2-aminofluorene by cell-free colon extracts from inbred mice. 768 75

Epidemiological studies have suggested that increased intake of calcium (Ca) or aspirin (ASA) is associated with a reduced risk for colon cancer. To delineate a possible mechanism of action, the present study used male F344 rats in an azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumor model to study the single and interactive effects of Ca and ASA on cholic acid-promoted experimental colon carcinogenesis. Following initiation with AOM, a promotion diet containing 0.5% cholic acid was fed for 34 weeks until the adenoma development stage. Cholic acid was used as a surrogate for high-fat diets and to promote carcinogenesis. Diets were supplemented with CaCO3 (2% Ca by weight), 250 p.p.m. ASA, or both. After 34 weeks, the diets were switched during the progression stage and rats were killed at week 51. Several intermediate endpoints were examined during the course of AOM carcinogenesis to determine their reliability as predictors of colon cancer risk. Intermediate endpoints included colon crypt height measurement, colon mucosal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and colon mucosal protein kinase C (PKC) activities. The biomarkers were examined at the beginning of the study at 2 weeks, and thereafter at 5, 15, 30 and 40 weeks of dietary treatment. Animals were necropsied at week 51 and tumor incidence and numbers were analyzed for correlation with biomarkers. Survival was highest in the group fed CaCO3 during the promotion stage and tumor burden was lowest in groups fed CaCO3 during this stage. Supplementation during the progression stage was ineffective. The cholic acid promotion model resulted in increased ODC which was inhibited by intervention during the promotion stage with Ca, but not ASA. PKC was also activated by cholic acid feeding, and this effect was modulated by intervention in the promotional stage with Ca or ASA. Colon tumor incidence and burden was increased by cholic acid promotion and decreased by Ca, but not affected by ASA. In summary, Ca is a more effective chemopreventive agent in cholic acid-promoted colon carcinogenesis than ASA, impacting both incidence and tumor number. Colonic ODC, but not PKC may be a suitable predictor of risk and response in chemoprevention trials for colon cancer.
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PMID:Chemopreventive effects of calcium but not aspirin supplementation in cholic acid-promoted colon carcinogenesis: correlation with intermediate endpoints. 772 52

Surgery has become progressively more reliant on technology. The technique of colonic anastomosis utilizing the biofragmentable anastomotic ring (BAR) is one such example. The benefits of therapeutic laparoscopy have been applied to the arena of colorectal surgery. A case is presented that combines these two modalities in a patient with colon cancer, laparoscopic mobilization of the large bowel, exteriorized resection, and BAR anastomosis.
Dis Colon Rectum 1993 Jun
PMID:Laparoscopic endocorporeal mobilization followed by extracorporeal sutureless anastomosis for the treatment of carcinoma of the left colon. 820 Feb 45


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