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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The liver is the most frequent site of metastases in colon cancer. No good animal model has been available to help improve the treatment of liver metastases or their prevention after resection of a primary colon cancer. The aim of this study was to develop a model of colon cancer induced by azoxymethane in the rat and to study the outcome after surgical resection alone or in association with intraperitoneal chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Three hundred male Wistar rats received subcutaneous azoxymethane (10 mg/kg body weight/week) for 12 weeks. Eighty-three rats with isolated colon cancer underwent total colectomy; 40 of these rats with no metastases were randomized into two groups: surgery alone or surgery plus 5-FU (5 mg/kg body weight/day) for 5 days after surgery. Thirty rats were able to be evaluated. At autopsy, peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases were more frequent in the control group than after adjuvant treatment with 5-FU (27.7 percent vs. 0, P less than 0.05; and 22.2 percent vs. 0, P less than 0.05, respectively). The rates of peritoneal and hepatic recurrence after resection of the primary cancer indicate that the model mimics the natural history of human colon cancer. In this model, 5-FU reduced the rate of peritoneal carcinomatosis and liver metastases but did not influence survival.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Aug
PMID:Experimental model of colon cancer: recurrences after surgery alone or associated with intraperitoneal 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy. 185 22

Adjuvant therapeutic strategies for colon cancer are based on the knowledge of tumor recurrence patterns following potentially curative resection. Innovative methods for regional delivery of chemotherapy to the liver and peritoneal surfaces are now available to complement systemic treatment. We reviewed clinical, reoperation, and autopsy series to determine the incidence of peritoneal seeding following colon cancer resection. The data suggest a 25-35 percent peritoneal failure rate among patients that recur, indicating that intraperitoneal chemotherapy is a sensible adjuvant approach. The theory behind intraperitoneal chemotherapy and potential complications is discussed. We suggest initiation of clinical trials combining systemic and intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Aug
PMID:Peritoneal seeding following potentially curative resection of colonic carcinoma: implications for adjuvant therapy. 185 33

Evidence from case-control and cohort studies and animal research is reviewed to examine whether oral contraceptive (OC) use is related to cancer of the kidney, colon, rectum, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile ducts, benign or malignant pituitary tumors or prolactinemia. While animal research suggests possible hormone sensitivity, there are only 2 cohort studies available on renal adeno-carcinoma; result are contradictory. Colon and rectal cancer are sometimes studied separately and sometimes together despite different etiologic factors. Colon cancer is less common in women of higher parity, and associated with other female sex hormone related cancers. 3 case-control studies have produced no consistent results except for a possible higher risk of right colon cancer in OC users. Cohort studies on colorectal cancer resulted in very few cases and no significant increase in risk for these very common malignancies among OC users. Gallbladder cancer is associated with gallstones, a condition known to be enhanced by estrogens, yet 1 case-control study found no change in risk. In contract, cancer of the extrahepatic bile duct, usually more common in men, was found to be elevated in OC users in 1 small study. The question of pituitary tumors is complicated by difficulties in diagnosis, differentiating between hyperplasia, microadenomas, galactorrhea, prolactinemia and cycle irregularity. Basic research indicates that estrogens stimulate prolactin secretion and development of pituitary tumors. Yet of 6 case-control studies only 2 reported relative risks significantly above 1. Only 6 cases have been found in 3 large cohort studies. Therefore it is probable that any association of pituitary tumors with pills is largely due to their prescription for women with menstrual irregularity, some of whom had pre-existing pituitary adenomas.
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PMID:Oral contraceptives and skin neoplasia. 186 36

Colonoscopy has been advocated by some investigators as the most appropriate means of screening asymptomatic patients with a positive family history of colorectal cancer. However, results of such screening have been widely disparate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of colonoscopy in a cohort of completely asymptomatic individuals with one or two first-degree relatives with a history of colorectal cancer and to compare this yield with that of colonoscopy in a group of patients with apparent anal bleeding. Patients with possible genetic disorders, such as familial polyposis, were excluded. A total of 160 asymptomatic patients and a comparison group of 137 patients with nonacute anorectal bleeding underwent colonoscopy. Colonoscopy was completed in 143 of the 160 study patients (89 percent) and in all of the comparison patients and did not result in any complications. Twenty-two adenomas were found in 17 study patients (10.6 percent); 16 of the 22 adenomas were less than 1 cm in size. In the comparison group, eight adenomas were identified (5.8 percent of patients). No cancers were identified. The difference in polyp frequency between groups was not significant. The relatively low yield of colorectal neoplasms discovered at colonoscopy in this study may in part be due to the small sample size or to the strict criteria used to define these asymptomatic patients but does not lend strong support to the notion that colonoscopy is an appropriate first step in screening the asymptomatic patient with one or two first-degree relatives with colon cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Is colonoscopic screening appropriate in asymptomatic patients with family history of colon cancer? 191 41

Dexon Mesh (Davis & Geck, Sugarland, TX) was used to partition the abdomen after incomplete resection of a locally advanced left colon cancer. Following surgery, external beam radiotherapy was delivered to the left flank without the risk of radiation enteritis. The technique of abdominal partitioning using Dexon Mesh is described.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Use of Dexon Mesh for abdominal partitioning above the peritoneal reflection. 191 52

A pilot study has been carried out to evaluate three aspects of screening of first-degree relatives of patients with colon cancer in four Hamilton hospitals; yield of adenomas, feasibility of a one-visit approach to screening and treatment, and compliance. Protocol included flexible sigmoidoscopy after full bowel preparation, followed immediately by either therapeutic colonoscopy or diagnostic barium enema, depending on the flexible sigmoidoscopy findings. We found adenomas in 19 percent of 88 first-degree relatives, with a mean age of 52, compared with an expectation of 8 percent. The protocol was found to be acceptable to the relatives and workable for the various groups of physicians in three of four hospitals, despite many initial logistic difficulties. Numerous problems were encountered with compliance of referring physicians, index patients, relatives, and investigating physicians.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Dec
PMID:Single-visit screening and treatment of first-degree relatives. Colon cancer pilot study. 195 63

The lymphatic system is an important route of spread of hepatic metastatic disease to extrahepatic sites. Although portal and celiac nodes are commonly evaluated both pre- and intraoperatively in patients considered for resection, cephalad sites of drainage of the liver represent a more occult pitfall. We report a case of colon cancer metastatic to the right lobe with an isolated extrahepatic deposit in a mediastinal lymph node. This preoperative diagnosis was confirmed at a subsequent operation, leading to a change in treatment plan. We believe that such occurrences may be unrecognized rather than rare. Careful evaluation of the mediastinum prior to proceeding with hepatic resection may improve patient selection, and hence the outcome, of this procedure.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Dec
PMID:Isolated spread of hepatic metastatic disease to a mediastinal lymph node. Report of a case and review of pertinent anatomy and literature. 195 65

High-fat, high-cholesterol diets have been linked to colon cancer in both epidemiological and animal studies. Saturated and N-6 polyunsaturated fats have both been implicated as playing causative roles. Epidemiological studies have shown a reduced colon cancer incidence in populations consuming a large quantity of N-3 polyunsaturated fat. This study asked whether N-3 polyunsaturated fat found in fish oil would also be associated with reduced colon cancer in animal studies. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine was used to induce colon cancer in mice fed three high-fat, high-cholesterol diets (beef tallow, safflower oil, and fish oil) and one low-fat, cholesterol-free diet (soybean oil). Colon adenocarcinomas developed in 55% of mice fed tallow, 48% of those fed low-fat diets, 33% of those fed safflower oil, and 18% of those fed fish oil (p less than 0.05). Tumors per animal were also greatest in mice fed tallow and fewest in those fed fish oil (p less than 0.05). Plasma cholesterol levels were significantly higher in mice fed tallow than in mice fed fish oil, but this did not show any association with tumors. Plasma triglyceride levels were not significantly different among groups but were strongly correlated with colon cancers (r = 0.90, p less than 0.025). In both plasma and colon mucosa cells, saturated fat levels were similar. Monounsaturated fat was highest in plasma of mice fed tallow and correlated strongly with colon cancers (r = 0.84, p less than 0.005). N-6 polyunsaturated fat was highest in plasma and colon mucosa cells of both mice fed safflower oil and those fed low-fat (soybean oil) diet, but there was no association with tumors. N-3 polyunsaturated fat was highest in plasma and colon mucosa cells of mice fed fish oil and showed a negative association with tumors (r = -0.57, p less than 0.05). Thus, in this model of colon cancer, a diet high in fish oil was associated with less colon cancer. Monounsaturated fat was most strongly correlated with tumors. This study suggests monounsaturated fat promotes colon tumors and N-3 polyunsaturated fat inhibits colon tumors.
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PMID:A fish oil diet inhibits colon cancer in mice. 201 94

The proliferative activity and polyamine levels of the rectal epithelium in unoperated ulcerative colitis patients and in ulcerative colitis patients after total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis were determined and compared with control subjects. Cell proliferation was evaluated in rectal biopsies by in vitro 3H thymidine incorporation by measuring the labeling index and the position of labeled cells along the crypt; polyamines were determined with a chromatographic method. In ulcerative colitis patients the labeling index was significantly increased, and labeled cells were shifted toward the upper part of the crypt when compared with controls. Ileorectal anastomosis patients showed a normalization of the labeling index and a distribution of labeled cells similar to controls. Polyamine levels were also increased in ulcerative colitis patients; in ileorectal anastomosis patients, the level of polyamines was decreased in respect to unoperated patients and return to normal values except for spermine. Because the increased proliferation and higher polyamine levels are related to increased colon cancer risk, our results confirm that ulcerative colitis is a risk factor for the development of carcinoma. Ileorectal anastomosis may reduce this risk through a normalization of mucosal cell proliferative activity and of some polyamine levels.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 May
PMID:Mucosal cell proliferation of the rectal stump in ulcerative colitis patients after ileorectal anastomosis. 202 43

Nine hundred ten patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer were studied retrospectively. Seventy-four cancers (8 percent) were located at the splenic flexure. The stage at presentation was no different between splenic flexure cancers and colon carcinomas at other sites. Although splenic flexure cancers had twice the incidence of obstruction as did other colon cancers and obstruction in the overall series adversely affected survival, there was no difference in survival between splenic flexure cancer patients and patients with other colon cancers.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 May
PMID:Survival after resection of carcinoma of the splenic flexure. 202 46


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