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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical characteristics of 152 patients diagnosed with two primary metachronous tumors--one or both of them in the colon--were studied. Nineteen patients had both primary tumors in the colon (Group I), 59 had the first primary tumor in the colon and the second tumor elsewhere (Group II), and 74 had the second primary tumor in the colon and the first primary tumor elsewhere (Group III). The group in which the second primary tumor was in the colon included significantly more female patients than did the other two groups, with a younger median age at diagnosis of first tumor. The median time interval between the two primary tumors was 44, 57, and 62 months in Groups I, II, and III, respectively. The number of clinic visits during the year before diagnosis of the second primary was similar in all groups, but only 60 percent of the patients kept their follow-up appointment. In most instances, the diagnosis was made after the patients' symptoms, although only a small percentage of the second primary tumors (15-30 percent) were diagnosed during routine follow-up. The second primary tumor occurred in the field of radiotherapy of the first primary tumor in 27 of 35 patients who received radiotherapy. To increase the number of patients diagnosed in an earlier stage of disease, they should be urged to keep their follow-up appointment, and physicians following patients with single tumors should be aware of the increased likelihood of a second tumor. To increase the cure rate of those tumors, efforts toward early diagnosis are warranted. This includes physical examination and mammography to detect breast cancer in women, annual occult blood tests and rectal examination, and sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy at three-year intervals to detect colon cancer early.
Dis Colon Rectum 1992 May
PMID:Clinical, demographic, and follow-up characteristics of patients with two primary metachronous tumors, one of them being in the colon. 156 96

Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer are believed to be at an increased risk of developing colorectal neoplasia. To estimate this risk and the potential yield of screening colonoscopy in this population, we recruited and prospectively colonoscoped 181 asymptomatic first-degree relatives (FDR) of colorectal cancer patients and 83 asymptomatic controls (without a family history of colorectal cancer). The mean ages for the FDR and control groups were 48.2 +/- 12.5 and 54.8 +/- 11.0, respectively. Adenomatous polyps were detected in 14.4 percent of FDRs and 8.4 percent of controls. Although 92 percent of our FDRs had only one FDR afflicted with colon cancer, those subjects with two or more afflicted FDRs had an even higher risk of developing colonic adenomas (23.8 percent) than those with only one afflicted FDR (13.1 percent). A greater proportion of adenomas was found to be beyond the reach of flexible sigmoidoscopy in the FDR group than in the controls (48 percent vs. 25 percent, respectively). Logistic regression analysis revealed that age, male sex, and FDR status were independent risk factors for the presence of colonic adenomatous polyps (RR = 2.32, 2.86, and 3.49, respectively; P less than 0.001). Those at greatest risk for harboring an asymptomatic colonic adenoma are male FDRs over the age of 50 (40 percent vs. 20 percent for age-matched male controls). Based on probability curves, males with one FDR afflicted with colon cancer appear to have an increased risk of developing a colonic adenoma beginning at 40 years of age. Our results document, for the first time, an increased prevalence of colonoscopically detectable adenomas in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients, as compared with asymptomatic controls, and support the use of colonoscopy as a routine screening tool in this high-risk group.
Dis Colon Rectum 1992 Jun
PMID:Colonoscopic screening for neoplasms in asymptomatic first-degree relatives of colon cancer patients. A controlled, prospective study. 841 86

The influences of different calcium concentrations in the culture medium on in vitro growth kinetics (generation time and saturation density) of established human colonic mucosal lines derived from subjects with and without familial adenomatosis of the colon and rectum were studied to test the hypothesis that hyperproliferation of colonic mucosal cells observed in some familial colon cancer can be reversed by increased extracellular calcium concentration. From the present studies, the genomic source of the adenomatous colonic lines appear to modify the effect of increased calcium on mucosal growth as demonstrated by differences in growth response in lines with and without the biomarker associated with genetic predisposition for some colon cancers, increased in vitro tetraploidy. Such observations suggested that other factors, including genomic differences, should be taken into consideration in the determination of the possible influences of calcium concentration on colonic mucosal proliferation.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Jul
PMID:Effect of increased calcium concentration on in vitro growth of human colonic mucosal lines. 164 91

The effectiveness of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin in overcoming multidrug resistance was studied in various human colon cancer cells. Colon-cancer cell lines SW403, HT29, SW620, and SW620/R overexpressed P-glycoprotein as determined by immunoflow cytometry, thereby confirming the presence of the multidrug-resistant phenotype. Important differences were observed in the cytotoxicity of free doxorubicin as represented by IC50 values of 0.168, 0.058, 0.023, and 9.83 microM for SW403, HT29, SW620, and SW620/R, respectively. Liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin provided an IC50 that was 1.4 times lower than that of the free drug in the doxorubicin-resistant SW 620/R cell line, whereas no difference was evident in the sensitive parental SW620 cells. In addition, liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin exhibited 1.31- and 2.33-fold cytotoxicity to HT-29 and SW403 cells, respectively. The intracellular drug accumulation in SW620/R cells was enhanced by liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin, whereas it was reduced in all other cell lines as compared with that of free drug. The colon-cancer cell lines demonstrated different degrees of doxorubicin-induced DNA strand breakage that correlated with their sensitivities to drug-induced cytotoxicity. However, no difference was observed between DNA breakage caused by the free drug and that induced by liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin in any of the cell lines. The results suggest that the enhanced cytotoxicity of liposomal doxorubicin to colon cancer cells was due to some secondary non-DNA target. However, liposomally encapsulated doxorubicin appears to be effective in diminishing the multidrug-resistant phenotype and may have clinical applications.
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PMID:Sensitization of multidrug-resistant colon cancer cells to doxorubicin encapsulated in liposomes. 167 95

A lectin histochemistry approach was adopted for comparative assessment of a colon cancer risk. Binding of Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin-II (GSA-II), and Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA) was investigated in tumor and background tissue from a total of 34 adenoma and 44 cancer patients and compared with reaction patterns in control and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients. Adenoma patients with UEA-I positive rectal mucosa were found to have a 33.3 percent familial history of large bowel cancer, which was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than the respective 4.0 percent figure for patients with negative rectal mucosa. In the cancer patients, an even stronger correlation was noted, with a 63.2 percent UEA-I positive family history association being recorded, as opposed to 4.0 percent in the negative rectal mucosa patients (P less than 0.01). Thus, the results suggest that, apparently, normal rectal background mucosa of individuals genetically at high risk for colon and rectal cancer demonstrates a specific lectin binding ability similar to that of FAP patients and that the simple method using UEA-I staining of rectal biopsy specimens can be of practical use in identification of high-risk colorectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Aug
PMID:Lectin staining of neoplastic and normal background colorectal mucosa in nonpolyposis and polyposis patients. 171 44

Preliminary investigations suggested the importance of an evaluation of different tissue preparation methods frequently used for immunohistochemical analysis of human or murine monoclonal antibodies on human tissue. Colon adenocarcinomas and adjacent morphologically normal colon epithelia were analyzed with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Duplicate tissue specimens were (1) snap frozen and fixed in acetone, (2) formalin fixed and paraffin embedded, with or (3) without ensuing treatment with pronase, or (4) alcohol fixed and paraffin embedded. Three different human monoclonal anti-colon cancer IgM antibodies, COU-1, D4213, and F10279, were used in the present study. Endogenous immunoglobulin and the secretory-component-mediated IgG binding were blocked on frozen sections with Fab' anti-IgM and anti-SC antibody. Bound monoclonal antibody was detected with horseradish peroxidase-anti-IgM. COU-1 was found to stain frozen sections of all 25 cancer and adjacent normal colon epithelia. In contrast, on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, only 80% (20/25) of the colon cancer and 44% (11/25) of the adjacent normal colon epithelia were positive. After treatment of the formalin-fixed sections with pronase, all cancers and normal adjacent epithelia were stained, but the cancer cells were more intensely stained than the normal colon epithelial cells. On alcohol-fixed tissues, intense staining was found in all the colon carcinomas analyzed, whereas no staining was found of the adjacent normal colon epithelia, except for a few cells in some of the sections investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Evaluation of procedures for the fixation and processing of human tissue for immunohistochemical analysis of human monoclonal antibodies. 171 86

From 1977 to 1984, 56 patients with colon cancer adherent to other organs were operated upon. Twenty-three (41 percent) underwent palliative treatment without resection. The mean survival in this group was 6 months. The results of en bloc resection were evaluated in 33 patients (59 percent) with colon carcinoma and tumor growth in adjacent organs. Pathologic staging was based on Dukes' (Astler and Coller) classification. Dukes' B carcinoma was shown in 15 patients. Dukes' C in 14 patients, and Dukes' D in four patients. The 4-year survival rate was as follows: Dukes' B, 47 percent; Dukes' C, 29 percent; and Dukes' D, 0 percent. The 4-year survival rate for the whole group was 33 percent. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 6 percent and 3 percent, respectively. Colon cancer with involvement of adjacent structures should not be regarded as an incurable Dukes' D carcinoma; en bloc resection is indicated and can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:En bloc resection of colon carcinoma adherent to other organs: an efficacious treatment? 171 11

Carcinogen-induced aberrant crypts (AC) of the colon are a precancerous state that leads to malignancy. The inhibition of AC formation by chemopreventive agents was evaluated in this study. Colon AC were induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in 3 weeks in CF1 mice. The cecum of the large intestine of CF1 mice did not produce more than one AC focus per animal. The effect of DMH and that of the inhibitors in this part of the large bowel were essentially similar to the vehicle control and inhibitor-only controls. The response of DMH treatment in the colorectal portion of the large bowel was found to be different from that of the cecum. The DMH treated mice had 13-17 foci per animal in three different experiments. The average number of AC per focus was greater than one in all three experiments performed. None of the inhibitor-only control animals nor the cottonseed oil vehicle control animals developed AC focus in the colorectal or the cecal part of the large bowel. The known inhibitor of colon carcinogenesis 3-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole reduced DMH-induced average AC formation by 10 and 46% at 1 and 4 mg per dose, respectively. The inhibitors 2-n-butylthiophene and phenylpropylisothiocyanate reduced DMH-induced average AC formation greater than 34 and greater than 40% respectively. The postulated inhibitor 2-n-octylthiophene, which is an eight-carbon homolog of 2-n-butylthiophene, similarly reduced DMH-induced AC formation. The known colon carcinogenesis inhibitor dehydroepiandrosterone, in contrast, has no effect. The inactivity of dehydroepiandrosterone to inhibit colon AC formation was attributed to its mechanism of inhibitory action, which differs from that of the phenol, isothiocyanate and thiophenes. The short duration that is required to produce quantifiable results suggests that the reduction of carcinogen-induced AC formation may be developed into a useful prescreening assay for potential chemopreventive agents against colon cancer.
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PMID:Reduction of aberrant crypt formation in the colon of CF1 mice by potential chemopreventive agents. 174 33

The in vivo localization of a monoclonal antibody A7 against a human colorectal cancer was studied in nude mice bearing human solid carcinomas, to evaluate potential applications of this antibody for radioimmunodetection of cancer. The tissue distribution of 125I-labeled A7 MoAb at 3 days after i.v. injection into mice bearing five different kinds of human solid tumors revealed a high uptake ratio by colon cancer, mammary cancer, and glioblastoma. In contrast, the uptake ratio by murine colorectal cancer (Colon-38) was extremely low. In immunoscintigraphic studies, HCT-15, one of the human colon cancer, was clearly visualized with 111In-DTPA-A7 MoAb. Glioblastoma was also imaged with the same extent. These results suggest that A7 MoAb would be applicable to the in vivo radioimmunodetection of colon- and mammary-cancer, and of glioblastoma.
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PMID:Radioimmunodetection of human colon cancer in nude mice by a new monoclonal antibody A7 against human colorectal cancer. 180 Apr 60

Cross-linking an anti-tumor antibody, specific for tumor cell surface antigens, and an anti-lymphocyte antibody, specific for the T lymphocyte receptor complex (TCR/CD3), produces a heteroconjugate that can direct T cells to lyse tumor cells. We tested the ability of anti-tumor X anti-lymphocyte (CD3) heteroconjugates to redirect human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to lyse human colon cancer cells in cytotoxicity assays and in a murine colon tumor model. We demonstrated in vitro, that cultured human PBLs alone produced low levels of tumor lysis, but PBLs treated with anti-tumor X anti-CD3 heteroconjugates produced significantly greater tumor cell lysis (P less than 0.0025). Similarly, nude mice injected with LS174T human colon cancer cells and treated with cultured human PBLs and anti-tumor X anti-CD3 heteroconjugates survived significantly longer than saline control mice (P less than 0.01), or mice treated with PBLs alone (P less than 0.01), or heteroconjugates alone (P less than 0.05). F(ab')2 heteroconjugates were equally as effective in prolonging animal survival, but irrelevant heteroconjugates and monoclonal anti-tumor antibodies showed no therapeutic benefit. Anti-tumor X anti-CD3 heteroconjugates may represent an effective approach to tumor-specific cellular immunotherapy.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Feb
PMID:Anti-tumor X anti-lymphocyte heteroconjugates augment colon tumor cell lysis in vitro and prevent tumor growth in vivo. 182 92


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