Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Liposomes as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy have attracted considerable interest. To enhance the therapeutic effect of Adriamycin entrapped in liposomes (Lip-ADM) on human solid tumors, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Lip-ADM in combination with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha), which is known to have specific effects on tumor vasculature. rTNF-alpha or saline solution was injected intravenously into nude mice bearing a human colon cancer strain, HC-1, at 1 hour before intravenous administration of Lip-ADM. The significant therapeutic effect of Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha was demonstrated by the evaluation with tumor growth curve and the actual tumor weights, in comparison with groups of mice treated with saline solution, rTNF-alpha alone, or with a Lip-ADM after saline. Levels of Adriamycin in tumor tissue in the Lip-ADM in combination with rTNF-alpha-treated group were higher than those in Lip-ADM with saline solution-treated group.
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PMID:Therapeutic effects of liposomal adriamycin in combination with tumor necrosis factor-alpha. 154 76

A liposome-entrapped liposome form of Adriamycin (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal toxicity than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The primary tumor was gastric cancer in 2 patients and sigmoid colon cancer in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, alopecia or cardiotoxicity, were observed in any of the patients. Although mild leukocytopenia (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 patient, anemia or thrombocytopenia did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 patient and stable disease in 1 patient. Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver, since the low toxicity of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.
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PMID:Intra-arterial liposomal adriamycin for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver. 758 1

Adriamycin (ADM) was encapsulated in a galactose-conjugated hepatotropic liposome (hLip-ADM) and its ability to enhance the antitumor effect while reducing toxicity was compared with that of free ADM and a control Lip-ADM (cLip-ADM), in two in vitro animal models. Liver metastases were induced in rats by an intravenous injection of 8 x 10(6) AH-130 rat hepatoma tumor cells. All forms of the ADM completely inhibited liver metastasis when given at a dose of 5 mg/kg on day 14 after tumor implantation, whereas liver metastatic foci were observed in six of ten rats in the control group. The reduction in ADM toxicity by liposomalization was remarkable, as significant body weight loss was observed only in the free ADM group, in which four of ten rats died. Additional experiments utilized a human colon cancer xenograft (TK-4) to induce the growth of the liver metastases in mice by orthotopic implantation. The hLip-ADM completely inhibited liver metastasis in rats (0/11), whereas liver metastases developed in 10 of 12 mice in the control group and in 5 of 12 mice given cLip-ADM. Interestingly, liposomal ADM did not have a significant inhibitory effect on transplanted tumor growth assessed 6 weeks after transplantation. These findings indicate that hLip-ADM may be an effective strategy for inhibiting liver metastases from human colon cancer.
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PMID:Antimetastatic effect of hepatotropic liposomal adriamycin on human metastatic liver tumors. 1138 5

The major source of ultraviolet radiation is solar radiation or sunlight. However, exposure to artificial sources particularly through tanning salons is becoming more important in terms of human health effects, as use of these facilities by young people, has increased. The International Agency for Research on Cancer has noted that there is sufficient evidence from studies in animals and in man to establish ultraviolet radiation as a human carcinogen. Skin cancer has been the most commonly studied cancer site with respect to UV radiation. The nature and timing of sun exposure appear to be important determinants of both the degree of risk and the type of skin cancer. Cutaneous malignant melanoma and basal cell cancer are much more strongly related to measures of intermittent ultraviolet exposure (particularly those of childhood or adolescence) than to measures of cumulative exposure. In contrast, squamous cell cancer is more strongly related to constant or cumulative sun exposure. Lip cancer is causally related to lifetime sun exposure. It has been estimated that solar ultraviolet radiation accounts for approximately 93 percent of skin cancers and about half of lip cancers. This translates to approximately 4,500 life-threatening cancers (cutaneous malignant melanoma) per year in Canada, as well as 65,000 less serious cancers (basal cell cancer, squamous cell cancer and lip cancer). Appropriate clothing use, care not to sunburn and judicious use of sunscreens could prevent at least half of these and save approximately 450 lives per year. In addition, physician and public education programs can significantly increase the proportion of melanomas diagnosed early. Lesions that have not yet penetrated deeply are associated with a mortality rate of less than five percent. Several recent studies suggest a possible inverse relationship between ultraviolet radiation exposure and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, colon, breast and prostate cancer, and investigators have speculated that this might be due to the higher serum levels of vitamin D stimulated by high lifetime sun exposure. Further, studies conducted within cohorts using stored pre-diagnostic serum suggest that those with high levels of vitamin D have lower incidence rates of a number of malignancies, particularly colon cancer. However, since serum vitamin D levels can be raised through the use of supplements without increasing risk for skin lip and other known UV-related cancers, changes to health policy with regard to exposure are not merited at this point. Further research is needed in this area.
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PMID:Ultraviolet radiation. 2119 99

A large body of evidence indicates that solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance and vitamin D reduce the risk of incidence and death for many types of cancer. However, most of that evidence comes from midlatitude regions, where solar UVB doses are generally high in summer. Data on cancer standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) by sex and 54 occupation categories based on 1.4 million male and 1.36 million female cancer cases for 1961-2005 in the five Nordic countries provide the basis for an ecological study of the role of solar UVB in the risk of many types of cancer at high latitudes. Lip cancer SIRs less lung cancer SIRs for men was the best index of solar UVB dose, which was weakly inversely correlated with both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) SIRs. Lung cancer SIRs were used as the index of the effects of smoking. For men, the UVB index was significantly inversely correlated with 14 types of internal cancer-bladder, breast, colon, gallbladder, kidney, laryngeal, liver, lung, oral, pancreatic, pharyngeal, prostate, rectal and small intestine cancer. For women, the same UVB index was inversely correlated with bladder, breast and colon cancer. These results generally agree with findings from other studies. These results provide more support for the UVB-vitamin D-cancer hypothesis and suggest that widespread fear of chronic solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance may be misplaced.
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PMID:Role of solar UVB irradiance and smoking in cancer as inferred from cancer incidence rates by occupation in Nordic countries. 2292 78

In this work we prepared and characterized two liposomal formulations of a semisynthetic nitric oxide (NO)-releasing doxorubicin (Dox), called nitrooxy-Dox (NitDox), which we previously demonstrated to be cytotoxic in Dox-resistant human colon cancer cells. Liposomes with 38.2% (Lip A) and 19.1% (Lip B) cholesterol were synthesized: both formulations had similar size and zeta potential values and caused the same intracellular distribution of free NitDox, but Lip B accumulated and released NitDox more efficiently. In Dox-resistant human colon cancer cells, Lip A and Lip B exhibited a more favorable kinetics of drug uptake and NO release, and a stronger cytotoxicity than Dox and free NitDox. While Caelyx, one of the liposomal Dox formulations approved for breast and ovary tumors treatment, was ineffective in Dox-resistant breast/ovary cancer cells, Lip B, and to a lesser extent Lip A, still exerted a significant cytotoxicity in these cells. This event was accompanied in parallel by a higher release of NO, which caused nitration of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance related protein 1 (MRP1), two transporters involved in Dox efflux, and impaired their pump activity. By doing so, the efflux kinetics of Dox after treatment with Lip B was markedly slowed down and the intracellular accumulation of Dox was increased in breast and ovary drug-resistant cells. We propose these liposomal formulations of NitDox as new tools with a specific indication for tumors overexpressing Pgp and MRP1.
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PMID:Liposomal nitrooxy-doxorubicin: one step over caelyx in drug-resistant human cancer cells. 2505 99