Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the case of a 58-year-old woman suffering from an intra-thyroid metastasis of a carcinoma of the colon for which she had undergone surgery two and a half years previously. This adenocarcinoma was, furthermore, clinically and radiologically "cured". The metastasis was accompanied by a cervical swelling and paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve, the reason for the consultation. Subsequent examinations revealed multiple lung metastases. Despite combined treatment with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, there was later development of further multiple metastases, in particular cerebral. The authors review the literature concerning this type of tumour. Particular emphasis is placed upon tumours with a high malignant potential, such as the naevo-carcinoma, together with tumours of neighbouring structures, in particular the upper airway and digestive tract, all of which may spread to the thyroid. There have nevertheless been other cases of thyroid metastasis of a carcinoma of the colon. One of the very first was that of Rankin and Fortune, published in 1936.
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PMID:[Intra-thyroid metastasis of a colonic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 60 41

Five studies presented at the 1992 ASCO meeting are analysed. Kligerman's study was designed to determine if pre-treatment with WR-2721 could protect normal tissues from the toxicities induced by radiation therapy (in 100 patients with advanced rectal cancer). This pre-treatment resulted in a 13% reduction of moderate and severe acute toxicity. No WR-2721 patient experienced moderate or severe late toxicities compared to five in the group without pre-treatment. The complete response rate was higher in the WR-2721 group and there was no major WR-2721 related toxicity. Minski studied the acute toxicity (during treatment and two weeks after) of combined pelvic radiation therapy, 5-FU and leucovorin when delivered pre-operatively (16 patients) versus post-operatively (25 patients) in patients with rectal cancer. The toxicity criteria were fatigue, diarrhea, tenesmus, bowel movements, dysuria and erythema. Grade 3+ toxicity was more important in the post-operative therapy group (48% versus 13%). Given this high incidence of grade 3+ toxicity future randomized trials should explore the pre-operative approach. The final report of the inter group study of 5-FU plus levamisole as adjuvant therapy for stage C colon cancer was made by Moertel. With a median follow-up time of 5.5 years, the 5-FU plus levamisole treatment has reduced the recurrence rate by 39%, the cancer related death rate by 32% and the overall death rate by 31%. Most of the recurrences occurred during the first two years. There was a decrease in the liver, great omentum, peritoneum and lung metastases, but there was no modification in loco-regional recurrence rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cancers of the colon and the rectum: news in 1992]. 133 19

Interferon has been shown to augment the cytotoxic effects of fluorouracil (5-FU) against colon cancer in vitro and possibly in vivo. Therefore a pilot study was initiated to evaluate the effects of the combination 5-FU/FA/interferon alfa (IFN-alpha) in colorectal adenocarcinomas refractory to first-line therapy with 5-FU/FA. Eleven patients with rectum cancer and four patients with colon cancer were treated according to the following schedule: 9 million units IFN-alpha subcutaneous three times a week; 500 mg/m2 5-FU via an intravenous bolus 1 hour after the initiation of a 2-hour infusion of 500 mg/m2 of FA, once a week. Of 15 patients, one had a minor response, one had a disease stabilization, and three had a mixed response. No complete or partial remissions were seen. Looking at the sensitivity of lung metastases (three of three), the regressions can be explained through the additive effect of IFN-alpha to 5-FU/FA. Although minimal side effects (World Health Organization classification) were observed, most patients experienced a reduction of well-being.
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PMID:Treatment of refractory colorectal carcinomas with fluorouracil, folinic acid, and interferon alfa-2a. 155 48

To study the possible role of ras oncogene activation in the dissemination of colon cancer, we determined point mutations in codons 12, 13 and 61 in K- and N-ras in 3 groups of tumors: (A) primary tumors of patients who had undergone surgery for Dukes' B (early-stage) colon cancer, (B) primary tumors and metastases from patients undergoing resection of isolated lung metastases and (C) primary tumors and metastases from patients undergoing resection of isolated liver metastases. In 129 samples from 93 patients, 54 (42%) were positive for point mutations in either K- or N-ras. Most mutations (89%) were found in the K-ras gene. In group A (n = 50) ras point mutations were detected in 16 cases (32%) (15 in K-ras and 1 in N-ras). Thirteen out of 23 cases in group B (57%) were positive for a ras point mutation: 10 in K-ras and 3 in N-ras. In group C (n = 20), point mutations in codon 12 of K-ras, but none in H- or N-ras, were found in 10 cases (50%). In 31 cases the primary tumors from the metastases in groups B and C were available for analysis and 15 contained a ras point mutation (48%). Not all mutations were present in both the primary tumor and the metastasis. In 3 instances, a mutation was detected in the metastasis but not in the primary tumor, whereas in 1 case a mutation was found in the primary tumor.
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PMID:Differential activation of ras genes by point mutation in human colon cancer with metastases to either lung or liver. 195 91

The potential for a recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2, TGP-3) alone, in combination with cyclophosphamide, and in combination with cyclophosphamide and normal immunocompetent cells to manifest biological activity in vivo was tested using allogeneic, semi-syngeneic, and syngeneic tumor-host systems in mice. The biological activity of rIL-2 was evaluated by the inhibition of the growth of tumors and the inhibition of metastases in short-term assays and, in long-term assays, the prolongation of the survival time of mice bearing subcutaneously (s.c.) or intradermally transplanted tumors. rIL-2 was injected s.c. daily continuously for up to 40 days or intermittently two to four times into mice bearing established tumors. In the short-term assays, the dose and schedule dependence of activity of rIL-2 alone was significantly manifested against sarcoma 180 in ICR mice (allogeneic) by the regression of the tumor, and was confirmed against Meth-A fibrosarcoma in BALB/c mice (syngeneic) by retarding the growth of the tumor. When assessed using these tumor, it was found that the antitumor activity of rIL-2 was schedule-dependent: the growth of tumors was more significantly suppressed when rIL-2 was injected every day for 10 days, starting on the 7th day after tumor transplantation, than when rIL-2 was injected five times every other day or twice every 5th day, even if the total amounts of rIL-2 injected were same. The continuous injection for 10 days was considered to be a standard regimen and the daily effective doses of rIL-2 were 5, 10, and 25 micrograms/mouse. Using the standard regimen and the effective doses, the activity of rIL-2 alone was also observed against two other syngeneic tumors: Colon carcinoma 26 in BALB/c mice, by retarding the growth of the tumor, and Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice by reducing the formation of lung metastases. When assessed using M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma, in a long-term assay, the activity of rIL-2 alone was not manifested in C57BL/6 mice (syngeneic) even when rIL-2 was injected for a long period (20 days) but it was observed in BDF1 (semi-syngeneic) mice. On the other hand, it was found that rIL-2 was effective in combination with cyclophosphamide in prolonging the survival time of C57BL/6 mice bearing the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of human recombinant interleukin-2 (TGP-3) alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide and immunocompetent cells in allogeneic, semi-syngeneic, and syngeneic murine tumors. 259 80

5-fluoro-3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-N-[2-2- (dimethylphenylsilyl)ethylthioethyl]-1(2H)-pyrimidinocarb oxamide (SDK-12B-5), a novel antitumor agent, is covalently linked with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 2-[(2-dimethylphenylsilyl)ethylthio] ethylamine(SDK-103) which possesses itself antitumor activity against murine solid tumors. It has a broad antitumor spectrum in experimental tumor systems including murine leukemias. Furthermore, SDK-12B-5 administered p.o. with various treatment schedules inhibited significantly the tumor growth of human breast cancer (MX-1), colon cancer (Co-4) and lung cancer (LX-1 and OAT) cells in BALB/c nu/nu mice and the chemotherapeutic index was about 10 for 4 different human cancer xenografts. In the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastasis model, SDK-12B-5 in combination with amputation of tumors inhibited significantly both the lymph node metastases and lung metastases of LLC and prolonged the life span (%ILS:91%) of BDF1 mice. We also found that the cell killing effect of SDK-12B-5 was affected by both concentration and exposure time in cultured human lung cancer (OAT) cells using soft-agar colony assay. A significant augmentation of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response induced by SDK-12B-5 in comparison with the mixture of SDK-103 and 5-FU was seen when it was administered p.o. simultaneously with the immunization of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) in retired CD1 mice. From the studies on tissue distribution and pharmaco-kinetics of SDK-12B-5 by HPLC and ICP analysis. the persistence of SDK-12B-5 levels in serum and tumors was correlated with the findings that a maximum chemotherapeutic effect was obtained when SDK-12B-5 was administered p.o. repeatedly with every other day to avoid the cumulative toxicity.
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PMID:[Antitumor effects of 5-fluorouracil-bound organic silicon compound]. 278 16

"Spontaneous" lung metastases develop in over 50% of the animals bearing subcutaneous isografts of WB-2054, a rat colon carcinoma. A metastatic variant has been developed by "Fidler" type in vivo selection, yielding 100% lung metastasis. In a five-week assay to test the organ specificity of this lung metastatic variant, however, "experimental" liver and lung metastases could be induced in 100% and 60% of animals on portal venous and intravenous injections, respectively. The results demonstrate selection of a metastatic variant from heterogeneous primary tumor, and suggest at least two interacting mechanisms: (1) mechanical (the anatomy of the blood-borne metastatic pathways) and (2) biologic (factors intrinsic to primary tumor subpopulations that can be selected for metastatic proclivity). In addition, liver metastases were successfully established from colon tumors induced by cecal wall injection of tumor cells. Such a spontaneous liver metastasis model will be useful to study the specific mechanisms involved during metastasis of colon cancer to the liver.
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PMID:Experimental liver metastasis. Implications of clonal proclivity and organ specificity. 291 Feb 47

To determine the frequency with which liver metastases are visualized on bone scintigraphy, 425 pairs of liver and bone scans, performed within one month of each other, were reviewed. Sixty-three of the 425 liver scans showed metastases. Of these 63, five cases of carcinoma of the colon and six cases of carcinoma of the lung also visualized by Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy. This represented 46% of colon metastases and 15% of lung metastases detected on liver scan. Liver metastases from other primary tumors were not detected on bone scan, but the numbers for these tumors were small. The liver metastases which were detected on bone scan were significantly larger than those which were not. The literature was reviewed and the primary and secondary tumors of liver with uptake of Tc-99m phosphate compounds listed.
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PMID:Visualization of metastatic liver disease on technetium-99m bone scintigraphy. 358 4

The effects of sublethal radiation (3 Gy) and anti-asialo GM1 (anti-ASGM1) on engraftment of human tumour cell lines and fresh tumour were evaluated in the severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse. Four tumour cell lines (colonic adenocarcinoma LS174T, malignant melanoma MEWO, lung adenocarcinoma H125, chronic myelogenous leukemia K562) and a fresh colon cancer metastasis were injected subcutaneously, intraperitoneally or intravenously into SCID mice. Tumour volume and metastatic spread of implanted tumours were evaluated 3-8 weeks following inoculation. Pretreatment with radiation and anti-ASGM1 resulted in more rapid and extensive uptake of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumours. Tail vein injection into pretreated animals also resulted in a greater number of lung metastases of H125, MEWO and K562 cell lines. This study demonstrates that sublethal radiation and the elimination of murine NK cell activity with anti-ASGM1 improves tumour take rates. These findings should prove useful for investigations of human cancer immunotherapy using SCID mice engrafted with human lymphocytes and human tumours.
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PMID:Improved engraftment of human tumours in SCID mice pretreated with radiation and anti-asialo GM1. 784 29

In a rat colon carcinoma model (DHD/K 12-PROb), two varieties of cells were selected after in vivo passaging: PROb h2, representing a liver-specific variant and PROb Mp1, representing a lung metastatic variant and producing liver and lung metastases after intracecal injection (one out of four). The study of the adhesion and the growth of cells in vitro for contact hepatocytes and/or endothelial cells gave the following results: (1) except for PROb Mp1, tumor cell growth was independent of the cell support; (2) adhesion of PROb Mp1 to endothelial cells was lower between 30 and 120 min, whereas adhesion of PROb h2 to hepatocytes was greater and durable after 60 min (P < or = 0.05). These results suggest that the formation of liver metastases in a dynamic process and that tumor cells have a great ability to adhere to hepatocytes. Improved by serial passaging in vivo, our intracecal model might be useful for studying many aspects of the pathogenesis of colon cancer metastasis, while concurrent in vitro studies of the adhesion and growth ability of cells might be a useful indicator for assessing the in vivo behavior.
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PMID:Experimental model of liver metastases: adhesion and growth of cells on contact with endothelial or hepatocyte cell monolayer cultures. 820 39


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