Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Psychological distress and its ensuing chronic elevation of plasma catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) lead to poor response of tumors to chemotherapy, and constitute a poor prognostic factor for survival. Colorectal cancer patients suffer from various forms of psychological stress reflected in elevated plasma catecholamines, and their cancer cells express adrenergic receptors. Our objective was to investigate whether adrenergic activation contributes to the chemoresistance of colon cancers, and to explore the signal transduction pathway involved in the activation. The mRNA expression of the ABCB1 gene (previously MDR1) in human colon carcinoma HT-29 cell line was measured after treatment with an adrenergic receptor agonist (adrenaline) and various antagonists (propranolol, prazosin, and yohimbine). The function of P-glycoprotein, the protein product of the ABCB1 gene, was assessed by rhodamine 123 (Rh123)-retention assay, and chemosensitivity was determined by evaluating the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on the tumor cells. Increased ABCB1 mRNA expression and P-glycoprotein function levels in HT-29 cells by adrenaline was dose-dependent. This was accompanied by promotion of Rh123 efflux, and resistance to the growth-inhibiting effect of 5-FU in the tumor cells. The alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine completely abolished the induction of ABCB1 mRNA, the stimulatory effect of adrenaline on Rh123 efflux, and the growth-inhibiting effect of 5-FU. The alpha1-adrenergic receptor and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists did not inhibit the induction of ABCB1. The stimulating effects were coupled with extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation, but were not associated with protein kinase A activity. We conclude that adrenaline induces multidrug resistance in colon cancer cells by upregulating ABCB1 gene expression via alpha2-adrenergic receptors, and such effects were associated with the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.
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PMID:Adrenaline induces chemoresistance in HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells. 1938 24

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and many risk factors for colorectal cancer have been established. However, it remains uncertain whether psychological stress contributes to the onset of colorectal cancer. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale prospective cohort study to confirm the association between perceived stress and colorectal cancer incidence. We identified 680 cases of colon cancer and 330 cases of rectal cancer during a maximum of 21-year follow-up of 61,563 Japanese men and women. Cox regression analysis adjusted for potential confounders revealed a significant association of perceived stress with rectal cancer incidence but not with colon cancer incidence. This finding is partly consistent with that from only one previous study that addressed an association between perceived stress and the risk of colorectal cancer. However, studies on this topic are sparse and warrant further exploration.
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PMID:Perceived Stress and Colorectal Cancer Incidence: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. 2809 7

The saponins are natural surface-active glycosides which are the principal components of many popular herbal medicinal plants such as ginseng, astragalus, and bupleurum. Recent studies have suggested that saponins can exert strong anti-inflammatory effects and induce immune homeostasis in many diseases. Intestinal-inflammation-related digestive diseases include inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, necrotizing enterocolitis and radiation proctitis, as well as intestinal inflammation caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The pathogenesis of these diseases is poorly understood, and the patients with these diseases suffer from mental stress and physical pain, while their families (and society) experience heavy economic losses. Results from animal experiments suggest that saponins can suppress intestinal inflammation, promote intestinal barrier repair, maintain the diversity of the intestinal flora, and decrease the incidence rate of colon-inflammation-related colon cancer. In this review, we discuss new findings regarding the effects of saponins on intestinal inflammation and digestive diseases with intestinal inflammation. In addition, we provide a summary of the underlying mechanism for saponins-induced treatment on intestinal-inflammation-related disease.
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PMID:Saponins regulate intestinal inflammation in colon cancer and IBD. 3095 59