Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Chemosensitization of bifunctional alkylators by misonidazole (MISO) and related nitroimidazoles in vitro has been shown to require hypoxic exposures. Presumably, reductive metabolism of the nitroimidazole under hypoxic conditions results in generation of a chemosensitizing intermediate(s) in a manner analogous to that described for the hypoxic toxicity of these compounds. In an attempt to identify these intermediates, we examined the ability of reductive metabolites of a model 2-nitroimidazole compound, 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole (INO2), to enhance the toxicity of melphalan (t-PAM) in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. INO2 was a modest chemosensitizing agent, enhancing L-PAM only under hypoxic conditions. The 2-electron reduction product, 1-methyl-2-nitrosoimidazole (INO), was a potent chemosensitizer, enhancing L-PAM toxicity at micromolar concentrations under either aerobic or hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the 4- and 6-electron reduction products, 1-methyl-2-[hydroxylamino]imidazole and 1-methyl-2-aminoimidazole, respectively, failed to modify cell kill by L-PAM even at millimolar concentration. These results suggest that nitrosoimidazoles may be the active chemosensitizing species generated upon the reductive metabolism of nitroimidazoles.
 ...
PMID:Enhancement of melphalan (L-PAM) toxicity by reductive metabolites of 1-methyl-2-nitroimidazole, a model nitroimidazole chemosensitizing agent. 226 Sep 90

In this article, we compare the performance of 19 cluster validity indices, in identifying some possible genes mediating certain cancers, based on gene expression data. For the purpose of this comparison, we have developed a method. The proposed method involves cluster generation, selection of the best k-value or c-values, cluster identification, identifying the altered gene cluster, scoring an altered gene cluster and determining the best k-value or c-value exploring through biological repositories. The effectiveness of the method has been demonstrated on three gene expression data sets dealing with human lung cancer, colon cancer, and leukemia. Here, we have used three clustering algorithms, i.e., k-means, PAM and fuzzy c-means. We have used biochemical pathways related to these cancers and p-value statistics for validating the study.
...
PMID:Comparative Analysis of Cluster Validity Indices in Identifying Some Possible Genes Mediating Certain Cancers. 2748 91