Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A review of 172 patients with squamous cell cancer of the vulva treated at the University of Michigan Medical Center from 1975-1989 was performed to compare the 1988 FIGO Staging System to the 1970 FIGO Staging System. The stage distribution according to the 1970 FIGO Staging System was stage I, 65; stage II, 44; stage III, 50; and stage IV, 13. The cumulative 5-year survival under the old system was stage I, 94%; stage II, 91%; stage III, 36%; and stage IV, 26%. The distribution changed under the 1988 FIGO system to stage I, 58; stage II, 36; stage III, 49; stage IVA, 16; and stage IVB, 13. The cumulative survival also changed to stage I, 94%; stage II, 89%; stage III, 71%; stage IVA, 19%; and stage IVB, 8%. The new FIGO stage distribution shifted for the worse due to the influence of positive lymph nodes found at the time of surgery. The survival was then analyzed for death from all causes. This was markedly decreased when compared to the cumulative corrected survival. This relates to the high number of other primary malignancies and the age of the patients. Among these 172 patients, other primary malignancies included squamous cell cancer of the cervix (11), squamous cell cancer of the vagina (2), endometrial cancer (3), squamous cell cancer of the lung (2), colon cancer (3), and others (6). An additional 5 patients died from myocardial infarction within 2 years of diagnosis. The new 1988 FIGO Staging System provides for better discrimination of survival between stages than the 1970 FIGO Staging System.
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PMID:A comparison of staging systems for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 142 97

The histologic nature of the bright ring ("peritumoral edema") around some liver metastases on T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images is controversial. In the case reported, particles of the iron oxide contrast agent AMI-25 are retained in the peritumoral zone of a colon cancer metastasis, causing the bright ring to disappear. The location of iron particles in resected specimens could be used systematically to study peritumoral edema.
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PMID:Accumulation of iron oxide particles around liver metastases during MR imaging. 155 15

Escalating doses of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were combined with long-term cultured rIL-2 activated killer cells to treat patients with disseminated melanoma, renal cell cancer, and colon cancer. Twenty-four patients were entered, 12 with renal cell cancer, 8 with colon cancer, and 4 with melanoma; 23 were evaluable for efficacy and toxicity. The (dose-related) toxicities were moderate to severe and consisted of fever, chills, rigors, weight gain, hypotension, mild confusion, elevation of liver enzymes and serum creatinine, thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia. No cardiac events (arrhythmias or myocardial infarction) were recorded. None of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit, and no deaths occurred. Two partial responses were observed, one at relatively low doses of rIL-2 in a patient with renal cell carcinoma and one at the highest dose level in a patient with malignant melanoma. The maximally tolerated dose level of rIL-2 for this study was 6 X 10(6) U/m2 i.v./day. The recommended dose for further studies is 3 X 10(6) U/m2 i.v./day in three divided doses.
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PMID:Treatment of patients with advanced cancer using multiple long-term cultured lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell infusions and recombinant human interleukin-2. 279 92

Between 1970 and 1982, 147 patients were operated on for obstructing carcinoma of the colon at our institution. Of these, 25 patients with obstructing carcinoma of the left side of the colon were treated by emergency primary resection with colocolostomy. Three patients who had primary resection died postoperatively, two of them from myocardial infarction and one, a 66 year old patient with liver metastasis, from sepsis. One patient had an anastomotic leak and underwent a proximal diverting colostomy. Results of this form of treatment have been good, and we advocate the procedure for selected groups of patients.
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PMID:Primary resection with colocolostomy for obstructive carcinoma of the left side of the colon. 406 34

Combined molecular and epidemiological studies are advancing our understanding of the genetic basis of multifactorial diseases. Several of the results obtained during the past year highlight methodological issues associated with these approaches. For example, the affected sib-pair method has been applied successfully to detect linkage between the angiotensinogen gene and susceptibility to hypertension, and a large multi-centre epidemiological study has demonstrated association of a polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with increased risk of myocardial infarction. The study of Mendelian forms of multifactorial diseases has also led to many new results. These include the characterization of mutations in the glucokinase gene in maturity onset diabetes of the young, localization to chromosome 2 of a gene involved in familial colon cancer, and localization to chromosome 19 of a gene responsible for hemiplegic migraine. New insights have been provided into the genetics of multifactorial disorders such as diabetes and hypertension through the study of animal models. Localization of susceptibility loci in such models has recently led to the identification of new candidate genes that may be implicated in disease.
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PMID:Genetic approaches to common diseases. 776 64

The risks versus benefits of flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy performed within three weeks of myocardial infarction were studied in nine consecutive patients who underwent sigmoidoscopy and in nine consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at two university hospitals. Indications for sigmoidoscopy were red blood per rectum in seven and occult blood in the stools in two. Sigmoidoscopy provided the diagnosis in three, including colon cancer in two and bleeding internal hemorrhoids in one, and provided helpful information in three. Sigmoidoscopy led to colon cancer surgery in two patients, and polypectomy of a 1-cm adenoma in one. Of two highly unstable patients before sigmoidoscopy, one developed second-degree heart block and frequent premature ventricular contractions 3 hr after sigmoidoscopy. No sigmoidoscopic complications occurred in the seven relatively clinically stable patients. Indications for colonoscopy included red blood per rectum in five, occult blood in the stools in three, and melena in one. Colonoscopy provided the diagnosis in five, including one each with colon cancer, internal hemorrhoids, large adenoma, ischemic colitis, and angiodysplasia. Colonoscopy resulted in colon cancer surgery in one patient and endoscopic polypectomies in three patients. Of two moderately unstable patients before colonoscopy, one developed asymptomatic bradycardia during colonoscopy. No colonoscopic complications occurred in the seven clinically stable patients. This study suggests that recent myocardial infarction is not an absolute contraindication to sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, that sigmoidoscopy is beneficial in medically stable patients with significant gastrointestinal bleeding, and that colonoscopy may be beneficial in selected, highly stable patients with significant gastrointestinal bleeding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Safety and clinical efficacy of flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy for gastrointestinal bleeding after myocardial infarction. A six-year study of 18 consecutive lower endoscopies at two university teaching hospitals. 813 82

We studied 18 formalin-fixed brains using MRI, and correlated our data with subsequent gross and microscopic examinations. 9 of our patients died from brain diseases (stroke due to infarction 4, stroke due to hemorrhage 1, encephalitis 2, head injury 1, brain tumor 1). 9 of our patients died from non-CNS diseases (stomach cancer 1, colon cancer 1, liver cirrhosis 1, myocardial infarction 2, trauma 4). In MRI of postmortem brain, T1WI and T 2WI was able to clearly show the myelination process of brainstem, basal ganglia, internal capsule and optic radiation in a 2 months-old-boy. The findings were similar to MRI of live infants. In normal adult postmortem brains, the T1WI showed a relatively low signal intensity of white matter as compared to gray matter. The pictures were similar to proton density images, not T1WI of normal adult brains. The reason why the signal intensity of the white matter was lower than the gray matter may have been due to lysis of lipid of myelin sheath in the formalin solution. Postmortem MRI was able to detect the periventricular hyperintensity (corresponding to arteriosclerotic encephalopathy) and subcortical hyperintensity spots (which corresponding to the widening of the Virchow-Robin perivascular space because of arteriosclerosis) in the brains of our elderly patients. Postmortem MRI detected the intracerebral hemorrhage, which appeared as a dark signal in both short and long TR images. However, MRI did not show blood in the ventricles, sulci, or superficial hemorrhages in the cortex of brain. Brain edema was revealed in the postmortem MRI and appeared as low signal intensity in T1WI and hyperintensity in T2WI. It was associated with a significant mass effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[MRI of postmortem brains]. 820 68

Chemoprevention refers to the use of specific natural or synthetic chemical agents to reverse, suppress, or prevent the progression to invasive cancer. The ideal chemopreventive agent is safe and nontoxic over the long term. It should be easy to take and demonstrated to be effective in randomized trials in humans. Aspirin and NSAIDs meet many of the criteria for an ideal agent. The literature on aspirin and NSAIDs makes it clear that these agents can prevent colorectal cancer and precursor adenomas. That does not mean that we should make general recommendations for their use. First, we do not know the proper dose or duration. More important, these medications are accompanied by adverse effects that can be considerable. Indeed, the Medical Letter, an authoritative, unbiased publication on drugs and therapeutics, concluded that "for primary prevention in low-risk patients, more studies are required to establish whether the beneficial effect of aspirin is great enough to compensate for the possible increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke." These recommendations were directed at the use of these medications for prevention of myocardial infarction, but the same conclusions apply to colorectal cancer: although aspirin may prevent the disease, it may increase the risk of hemorrhagic strokes or cause other adverse effects. We must accurately balance the benefits and risks of these drugs, based on the results of ongoing randomized studies, before recommending aspirin for prevention of colorectal cancer. Is there anything that we can recommend to our patients for prevention of colorectal cancer? Based on observational epidemiologic studies, it is clear that individuals who consume a diet high in vegetables and natural fibers and low in fat have a reduced risk of colon cancer and polyps. Optimal nutrient intakes for the prevention of cancer might be more readily achieved via food fortification or supplementation, but this requires more research. Regular physical exercise and maintenance of normal body weight are also protective. Until the results of definitive studies of chemopreventive agents are available, we can recommend that our patients eat a sensible diet, exercise, and avoid obesity. Such an approach should protect them from cardiovascular disease, an even deadlier condition than colorectal cancer. In the future, we need randomized prevention trials that, for logistic reasons, may need to focus on the occurrence and progression of colorectal adenomas rather than carcinoma itself. Studies that test more than one compound at a time, using factorial designs, will be more efficient. We will need better information about duration and dose, adverse side effects, molecular mechanisms, and cellular sites of NSAID activity. Ultimately, we will need to know more about the biology and molecular biology of colorectal cancer and its precursors. That information will, perhaps, permit us to design agents to interrupt the pathway to cancer and to use intermediate markers more intelligently.
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PMID:Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the prevention of colorectal cancer. 879 Nov 32

The increasing proportion of elderly people in the population is presenting politics, society and also medicine with significant new challenges. Gerontology and geriatrics play a role in every area of preventive and curative medicine. Since the life expectancy of women is about 8 years longer than that of men and the greater portion of an aging society will be female, gynaecology takes on special significance. The necessity of developing old-age gynaecology becomes more and more urgent, particularly in view of the fact that postmenopausal women still have more than one third of their lives before them, a period which they would like to and should spend in good mental, psychological and physical condition. Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy has been remarkably successful in treating climateric complaints and in positively affecting the entire organism. The ability of women to virtually avert later consequences of the hormone deficiency, including osteoporosis-induced fractures, heart attacks and strokes, by means of long-term hormone replacement is one of the great achievements of our time. Furthermore, the importance of hormone replacement therapy in the possible reduction of certain types of genital cancer, as endometrial and ovarial carcinoma, cannot be overstated. Gynaecology has taken a great step toward enabling older women to spend this third stage of their lives free of unnecessary disease or suffering. There is a consensus in literature and among medical experts today that the advantages of estrogen replacement during and following menopause have been proven and are to be highly regarded. The advantages and risks of hormone therapy will be explored from the special standpoint of morbidity and mortality ratings, particularly for the disease patterns of osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, heart attack, stroke, as well as breast, endometrial, ovarial and colon cancer. For insurance medicine, these aspects are of paramount significance. Quantification with regard to morbidity and mortality statistics is a challenge that will have to be faced in the years to come.
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PMID:[Menopause and postmenopause. Prognostic criteria in insurance medicine]. 896 48

A 86-year-old woman hospitalized for analysis of persistent abdominal discomfort died, apparently of myocardial infarction, shortly after admission. Autopsy revealed extensive myocarditis caused by infection with Clostridium septicum. As a portal of entry a carcinoma of the colon was found. The association of colon carcinoma and bacteraemia with C. septicum is well established while colon carcinoma can lead to cardiac hypoxia through blood loss and anaemia. However, myocarditis caused by this organism is extremely rare.
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PMID:[Gas gangrene of ischemic myocardial tissue caused by Clostridium septicum]. 905 45


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