Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1971-1973 at the third examination of the Basel Study started in 1959, the major antioxidant vitamins and carotene were measured in the plasma of 2974 men. A subsample and their families were reinvestigated in 1977-79. During the 12-y observation period (1973-85) 553 men died, 204 of cancer (lung cancer 68, stomach cancer 20; colon cancer 17, all other malignancies 99). We found significantly lower mean carotene levels for all cancer, bronchus cancer, and stomach cancer (all P less than 0.01) compared with the 2421 survivors. The relative risk of subjects with low carotene (less than 0.23 mumol/L) was significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) for lung cancer (Cox's model). Higher risks were noted for all cancer (P less than 0.01) if both carotene and retinol were low. Low plasma carotene which is known to reflect carotene intake is in our study associated with increased cancer risk.
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PMID:Beta-carotene and cancer prevention: the Basel Study. 198 97

Recent progress in cancer research revealed that gut hormones have the activity to regulate the cellular growth of cancer cells. Gastrin, cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal peptide were demonstrated to stimulate the growth of gastric cancer cells, pancreatic cancer cells and colon cancer cells, respectively. Accordingly, it is possible to assume that these gut hormones may play an important role in the progression of these cancers. Further studies will be required to clarify the role of gut hormones as physiological growth factors in gastrointestinal tissues. The other aspect of gut hormones related with cellular growth is their role as autocrine growth factors. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is classified as a gut hormone with the structural similarity with amphibian bombesin. Several reported findings indicate that GRP functions as an autocrine growth factor for human small cell lung carcinoma; a monoclonal antibody for GRP is now applied for the therapy of this cancer. It is important to find out other gut hormones functioning as autocrine growth factors.
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PMID:[Gut hormones with activity to modulate cellular growth]. 208 20

Thirty four patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), colon cancer (CC) biliary tract cancer (BC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with ADM (UFT-A), or UFT with ADM and CDDP (UFT-AC). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 10 mg/body was given intravenously from day 1-4 and repeated every two weeks. The UFT-AC regimen consisted of UFT 400-600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 7.5 mg/m2 was given from day 7-9 and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 7, repeated every 3-4 weeks. Partial responses (PR) were seen in 7 cases (36.8%) (5 cases of GC, 1 case of CC and 1 case of BC) out of 19 evaluable patients (8 cases of GC, 4 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 3 case of PC) treated with UFT-A. Complete response in a case of CC and PR in 6 cases (47.7%) (3 cases of GC and 3 cases of BC) were observed out of 15 evaluable patients (7 cases of GC, 2 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 2 cases of PC) treated with UFT-AC. There was no significant difference of survival curve between the two regimens, however, the median survival of responders for both regimens is longer than non-responders with statistical significance. As for side effects, UGI symptoms were recognized in 37% of UFT-A group and in 73% of UFT-AC group. A leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 appeared in 11% of UFT-A group and in 20% of UFT-AC group. Considering these results, UFT-A and UFT-AC therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin (ADM) and cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced gastrointestinal cancer]. 211 36

Receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were identified on 9 of 35 (26%) human nonhematopoietic tumor cell lines including non-small cell lung cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and osteosarcoma cells. GM-CSF receptors distributed on these human tumor cells were low affinity types with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.5-10.0 nM. Cross-linking studies revealed that the molecular weights of the low affinity GM-CSF receptors were 65-85 kilodaltons. The high affinity receptors identified on hematopoietic cells were not detected on human nonhematopoietic tumor cells which we studied, and we could detect no effects of GM-CSF on cell growth of these tumor cells.
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PMID:Frequent expression of receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on human nonhematopoietic tumor cell lines. 216 48

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

Adjuvant treatment is based on the concept that surgery is only potentially curative and that apparently localized disease has extended beyond surgical resection or is already disseminated. Although death might be related to local recurrence as well as to disease dissemination, most of the trials have tested only one adjuvant modality. Among many negative and non-contributory studies, very few positive results were obtained: in rectal cancer it seems that pre-operative and perhaps postoperative radiotherapy may reduce the incidence of local recurrences, and in colon cancer patients treated with Methyl-CCNU, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had a significant increase in survival. In colon cancer, the lack of active drug might at least partly explain negative studies, but in gastric cancer the most active combination in advanced disease has failed to demonstrate an improvement of survival in the adjuvant setting. Future trials should take account of this succession of negative trials.
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PMID:The future of adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. 218 51

Calcium intake inhibits growth of colon cancer in vivo, the mechanisms of which are not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine whether Ca2+ directly affects the growth of colon cancer cells in vitro and to compare the effects of Ca2+ on the growth of several gastroenteropancreatic cancer cells, including mouse colon cancer (MC-26), human colon cancer (LoVo and WIDR), human gastric cancer (AGS and SII), and human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1 and MIA) cells. All tumor cell lines tested grew in medium containing low concentration (approx 0.16 mM) of Ca2+. Higher concentrations of Ca2+ significantly inhibited the growth of all three colon cancer cell lines tested but had no significant effect on proliferation of the stomach and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Growth of AGS cells, in the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 mM EGTA (resulting in the loss of the extracellular Ca2+) was similar to that observed in the absence of EGTA, indicating that AGS cells were relatively insensitive to loss of extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of TMB-8, an inhibitor of intracellular Ca2+ release, the growth of colonic cancer cell lines was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that a minimum basal level of intracellular Ca2+ was required for continued proliferation of colon cancer cells. The stomach cancer cell lines (AGS) was once again less sensitive to the effects of TMB-8 than were the colon cancer cells, indicating an inherent difference in Ca2+ requirements and sensitivity to Ca2+ for growth of different gastroenteropancreatic cancer cells in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential effects of Ca2+ on proliferation of stomach, colonic, and pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro. 221 99

Ten previously untreated patients with gastric cancer were treated with etoposide, 120 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.) on days 4, 5, and 6, Adriamycin, 20 mg/m2 i.v. on days 1 and 7, and cisplatin, 40 mg/m2 i.v. on days 2 and 8 (EAP). Etoposide, 240 mg/m2 on days 4, 5, and 6, was administered orally instead of intravenously in alternating cycles, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in those who had previously undergone gastrectomy or who had tumor infiltrating the stomach to determine oral bioavailability. Nine patients had advanced measurable gastric cancer, and one patient had an elevated carcinoembryonic antigen after surgery for synchronous gastric and colon cancer. The median age was 54 years (range 38-69), and the median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status was 2 (range 0-3). Nine of 10 patients had poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Twenty-four cycles were administered to 10 patients, and hematologic data were available for 23 courses. ECOG grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia developed in 19 (83%) and 8 (53%) courses, respectively. Thirteen courses (54%) were complicated by fever requiring parenteral antibiotics. Two patients (20%) died due to neutropenic sepsis. The profound myelotoxicity observed in our study prompted us to terminate the investigation prior to completing accrual. The oral bioavailability of etoposide was 21% and 36% in the two patients who had had prior gastrectomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase II trial of etoposide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), and cisplatin (EAP regimen) in advanced gastric cancer. 222 Jun 57

Activities of cathepsin B, cathepsin L, and plasminogen activators (urinary type plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator) were assayed in homogenates of cancer tissue, normal tissue closely surrounding the cancer tissue, and normal tissue distant from the cancer tissue from 30 patients undergoing surgery for gastric cancers and 10 patients undergoing surgery for colon cancers. Activities of those proteases were also assayed in homogenates of adenoma tissue from 10 patients undergoing polypectomy for colon polyps. In the gastric cancer tissue homogenates, the activities of cathepsin B, cathepsin L and tissue type plasminogen activator were significantly higher than in normal tissues. By contrast, the activities of urinary type plasminogen activator of gastric cancer tissues were significantly lower than normal tissues. In the colon cancer tissue homogenates, the activities of cathepsin, B, cathepsin L, and urinary type plasminogen activator were significantly higher than in normal tissues. On the other hand, the activities of tissue type plasminogen activator of cancer tissues were significantly lower than normal tissues. But there were no significant differences in the activities of plasminogen activators between the cancer tissues and adenoma tissues. These results suggest that cathepsin B and cathepsin L play an important role in gastric and colon cancer proliferation and evolution, although the roles of plasminogen activators in gastric and colon cancer proliferation and evolution and in the colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence are still unknown.
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PMID:[Protease activities in gastric and colon cancer tissues]. 223 1

Phase II clinical research of UFT E granules (enteric coated) was carried out in 18 institutes (21 clinical dept.) by Study Group of UFT E in Tohoku Area, to investigate its effect and safety on cancer of the digestive organs. Of all the registered 26 cases, 21 cases were available for evaluation (perfect cases: 17 and imperfect cases: 4). Patients were administered UFT E 600 mg/body/day in principle. The response rate of the overall 26 cases was 14.3% and that of perfect 17 cases was 17.6%. PR was seen in 2 cases with far advanced gastric cancer and in 1 case with sigmoid colon cancer metastasized to lung, NC in 8 cases and PD in 6 cases. Side effects more than Grade II were seen in 4 cases (19%), of which 1 case caused diarrhea with leucopenia, 1 case caused diarrhea with anorexia, fever, pigmentation, stomatitis and general tiredness, 1 case caused anorexia and the other 1 case caused paresthesia on both legs with diarrhea and anorexia. Side effects in upper digestive tract were slight, making it possible to continue administration. But 1 case, which caused simultaneously Grade II anorexia, Grade II diarrhea and Grade III paresthesia on both legs, refused administration and dropped out. He recovered from those symptoms 5 days after discontinuance of administration. UFT E is able to administer for a long term because of its slight side effects on the upper digestive tract.
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PMID:[Cooperative research of UFT E phase II study. Cooperative Study Group of UFT E in Tohoku Area]. 224 Nov 82


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