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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The rate of blastformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was assessed preoperatively in 393 patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The series consisted of 291 cases of gastric cancer and 102 cases of colon cancer, all patients being under 70 years of age. The blastformation rate was related to the stage of cancer ground at operation. Preoperative blastformation rates for both colon cancer and gastric cancer decreased as the cancer progressed. With Stage I gastric cancer 81.4% of those that underwent curative resection had preoperative blastformation rates greater than 40%. However, the number of those with blastformation rates over 40% decreased markedly in the curative cases of gastric cancer Stage II to stage IV. Eighty three percent of cases that underwent curative resection with colon cancer, including advanced cancer, had preoperative blastformation rates of over 40%. These results indicated that the correlation of the preoperative blastformation rate with success of curative resection better for colon cancer than for gastric cancer.
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PMID:Preoperative blastformation rate in gastrointestinal cancer patients. 14 62

Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose-agar was used as a probe for tumor-associated antigen in 3-M KCl solubilized extracts of gastric, colon, and lung cancers from humans. Twelve of 40 (30%) leukocyte preparations from gastric cancer patients, 10 of 21 (48%) from colon cancer patients, and 7 of 14 (50%) from lung cancer patients were inhibited by their respective histologically homologus cancer extract. However, among 75 preparations from various cancer patients, leukocytes from only 2 gastric cancer patients were inhibited by paired normal gastric tissue extracts. Only 2 of 68 preparations from normal individuals and none of 67 preparations from patients with nonmalignant diseases, such as gastric peptic ulcer, gastritis, colon polyposis, colitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and sarcoidosis, were inhibited by cancer extracts. These findings suggest the presence in KCl extracts of gastric cancer of presumed tumor-associated antigen(s) that is antigenically distinct from that of either colon or lung cancer.
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PMID:Inhibition of human leukocyte migration in agar by 3-M potassium chloride extracts of stomach, colon, and lung cancers. 28 34

Current evidence for the involvement of diet in cancer etiology is based on indirect relationships between the consumption of selected food constituents and incidence, dietary studies, and laboratory data. The indirect evidence most often referred to is the suggested correlation between the complex of fats-meat-egg-animal protein and the risk for cancer of the colon. Such observations are, however, hampered by the fact that human diet does not consist of isolated food components. Case control studies implicate a higher intake of starchy foods in gastric cancer, a lower intake of fiber in colon cancer, and possibly coffee in renal cancer. Carcinogenic agents identified include food additives, plant toxicants, aflatoxins, polycyclic hydrocarbons, nitrosamines, and certain normal major food constituents. The experimental evidence is augmented by studies indicating an inter-relationship between dietary constituents, intestinal flora, and bile acid metabolism. A synergistic action of ingested or metabolized carcinogens and a co-carcinogenic function of certain dietary components are suggested.
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PMID:Role of diet in cancer etiology. 33 34

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, 100%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LAI positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to beta2-microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LAI positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was greater than 5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage II and 46% with Stage III and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LAI assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LAI reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LAI activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LAI shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.
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PMID:Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer. 37 89

Review of the incidence of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel reveals that gastric and colorectal cancers present a major problem in the country. Diet has been postulated as a possible etiologic factor on the basis of a) an indirect correlation between disease incidence and the consumption of various food constituents, b) animal experimentation, and c) case-control dietary studies. Studies conducted in Israel point to high starch consumption as a risk factor in gastric cancer and low fiber intake as a risk factor in colon cancer. Mechanisms by which fiber may exert its protective effect include shortening of intestinal transit time, bulkier stool, lowered absorption of potential carcinogens, reduction of the conversion of bile salts to potentially carcinogenic sterols, interference with the cholesterol pool and a lower ratio of anaerobic:aerobic bacteria in the intestinal flora. The potential effect of excessive starch consumption is unclear, although it may facilitate the formation of nitrosamines.
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PMID:Patterns of gastrointestinal neoplasms in Israel. 44 94

The therapeutics on gastrointestinal cancer including only randomized clinical trials carried out in Western Europe and in the EORTC are reported. The studies on preoperative radiotherapy in resectable esophagus cancer and on chemotherapy associated to radiotherapy in nonresectable esophagus cancer has just been activated. The data of a trial on the treatment of gastric cancer have demonstrated the efficacy of long term 5-FU administered after postoperative irradiations. A trial on the immunostimulating effect of levamisole as adjuvant treatment of colon cancer is described, as well as the results of chemotherapy in advanced colon cancer. Finally, scribed, as well as the results of chemotherapy in advanced colon cancer. Finally, the preliminary results of two European trials studying the effect of preoperative radiotherapy and of a chemotherapy, used as a preoperative irradiation sensitizer in rectal cancer, are commented on.
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PMID:Clinical trials on gastrointestinal cancer in Western Europe and in the FORTC. 65 75

Serum RNase (ribonuclease) of normal persons and of patients with pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, or other neoplasms was determined with poly(C) as substrate. Strikingly abnormal elevations occur in the serum RNase of patients with pancreatic cancer. There is no elevation in the serum RNase level of patients with pancreatitis. Average serum RNase values of 52 normal persons, 10 patients with pancreatitis, 30 patients with pancreatic cancer, 28 patients with breast cancer, 11 patients with lung cancer, 20 patients with colon cancer, six patients with stomach cancer, and four patients with liver cancer, respectively, were 104, 120, 383, 131, 173, 197, 194, and 152 units/ml of serum. Ninety percent of the patients with pancreatic cancer were above the level of 250 units of serum and 90% of all patients with varied cancers were below this level. In the presence of severe renal insufficiency, marked elevation of serum RNase was also observed. Serum RNase, because of its unique specificity, pancreatic origin, and its abnormal elevation in sera of patients with pancreatic cancer, serves as a reliable biochemical marker of carcinoma of the pancreas in the presence of normal renal function.
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PMID:Elevated serum ribonuclease in patients with pancreatic cancer. 106 80

The population of California and the San Francisco Bay Area has a number of ethnic components that differ in the frequency with which certain cancers occur. Mortality rates of California Janpanese and incidence data from the cancer reporting system of the Bay Area are analyzed for the cancer sites considered related to nutrition. The American Japanese of California are particularly amenable to epidemiological study because of the cancer data available from Japan for comparison with that of the California Japanese. The cancer rates occurring among the successive generations of the Japanese in California are compared to the rates in Japan and the white rates for the Bay Area. Gastric cancer rates undergo a stepwise reduction from the high rates in Japan to the intermediate rates of immigrant Japanese and the lower rates for the American born. Colon cancer rates are increased about equally in both generations of Japanese and are approaching the white rates. Cancers of the breast, uterine corpus, and ovary in women and the prostate for men are rapidly approaching the rates for the white population. Etiologies are continually being identified or indicated for a number of these cancers by epidemiological studies, and more specific identification of carcinogenic mechanisms should be possible by other disciplines.
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PMID:Cancer epidemiology in populations of the United States--with emphasis on Hawaii and California--and Japan. 119

The published studies of cancer of United States Jews are reviewed. Despite the lack of religious designation on death certificates, case reports, and census returns, a number of indirect methods for measuring the problem have been devised, which produce fairly consistent findings. In general, for American Jews, these show deficits in cancer mortality, among males, for the buccal cavity and pharynx and prostate and, among females, for the breast, uterine cervix and corpus, and bladder. Excesses in mortality, noted for both sexes, are esophagus, stomach, colon, pancreas, lymphomas, and leukemia and, in females, the lung and the ovary. The standardized mortality ratios for cancer of selected sites for Russian-born residents of upstate New York, 1969 through 1971, are presented as an indirect measure of the problem in the United States Jews. Statistically significant excesses were found in males for stomach and colon, with a striking deficit in cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx. Among females, excesses were noted for stomach, pancreas, and lung with a sharp deficit in the uterine cervix. On the basis of the religious affiliation of the cemetery of burial, estimates of the Jewish and non-Jewish components of the 800 deaths in Russian-born residents were determined. Expected deaths in these two subgroups by sex, for each cancer site, were then calculated by use of the site-specific proportionate mortality of upstate New York for these years. This revealed a significant excess among Jewish males for colon cancer, with a deficit in lung cancer, while among the non-Jewish male components stomach cancer mortality was the only site significantly in excess. Among Jewish females, stomach and lung cancers were in excess, with a deficit in cancers of the breast and cervix uteri. In non-Jewish Russian-born females, the only site significantly in excess was stomach, with breast cancer showing a deficit.
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PMID:Cancer in United States Jews. 119 15

Diagnostic value was assessed of serum testosterone concentration and compared with that of serum assay of CEA and CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (PC) and chronic pancreatitis (CP). Thirty-six patients with PC were compared with thirty-two CP patients. The sensitivity of CA 19-9 (76.9%) in detecting PC was greater than that of testosterone and CEA (30.6% and 30.8%, respectively). The specificity of testosterone and CA 19-9 were comparable (93.7% and 96.4%, respectively). The combination of tests did not enhance the sensitivity and specificity of each test when used alone. The serum CA 19-9 concentration in PC patients was significantly higher then in patients with colon cancer, gastric cancer and benign gastrointestinal diseases.
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PMID:[Value of plasma testosterone, carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and chronic pancreatitis]. 130 May 50


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