Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In evaluating patients for malignant disease, involved or uninvolved anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes (ADLNs) may be observed at computed tomography (CT) evaluation of either the chest or abdomen. While ADLNs have been described on both chest radiography and CT, lymph nodes lateral to the cardiophrenic angles have not been as well illustrated. In this review, we examine the anatomy of the entire group of ADLNs and emphasize the importance of the more laterally placed ADLNs. ADLNs were identified at CT in 125 patients. Lymphoma (41%) was the malignancy most commonly associated with enlarged ADLNs followed by breast cancer (12%), colon cancer (10%) and lung cancer (6%). Twenty other malignancies accounted for 30% of the series. ADLNs lateral to the cardiophrenic angles were half as common as the other ADLNs. Right-sided nodes were more common than left-sided ones. Of 71 patients with two or more CT scans, 53 showed change in size of the nodes on follow-up examination. Our data do not support prior reports that suggest that a particular site of origin of malignancy exclusively involves one side or other of the ADLNs. In our experience, knowledge of the location and appearance of the entire group of ADLNs, including those nodes lateral to the cardiophrenic angles, has been useful in planning radiotherapy portals in Hodgkin disease, as well as staging and follow-up of other malignancies.
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PMID:Anterior diaphragmatic lymph nodes. 322 20

Four monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (35, 115, 17-1A, and B72.3) directed towards human carcinoma surface antigens have been studied in athymic nude mice with LS174T, CO112, or SW948 colon carcinoma xenografts or negative control melanoma (MEL-1), lymphoma (Namalwa), and breast (MCF-7) carcinoma xenografts to evaluate the effects of antigenic heterogeneity and time after administration on localization and imaging. 125I-labeled 115 showed the highest uptake of any antibody in LS174T tumors. MoAbs 35 and B72.3 showed similar but lower levels of uptake in LS174T and CO112 tumors, but B72.3 concentrated less in SW948 tumors. 17-1A showed the highest degree of accumulation in SW948 tumor xenografts. No specific uptake of the four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was observed in MEL-1, Namalwa, or MCF-7 xenografts. The specificity of the in vivo tumor localization of the four anti-carcinoma MoAbs was confirmed by the low degree of accumulation of a control MoAb against influenza virus in LS174T tumors. Imaging studies with 131I-labeled colorectal cancer MoAbs showed specific uptake and retention in LS174T tumors, with progressive clearance from the whole body. The colorectal cancer MoAbs were compared for immunohistochemical binding against biopsies from patients with colorectal cancer and adjacent normal colonic tissue. Most colorectal cancer specimens showed moderate to strong staining with the four MoAbs. The percentage of positive cells varied within and between tumors demonstrating antigenic heterogeneity. Absent to slight focal staining was seen with normal colon tissue. B72.3 showed the highest degree of staining specificity. This study indicates a difference in the immunohistochemical binding of a panel of MoAbs against biopsies of colon adenocarcinoma and a dependence of in vivo localization on the human colon cancer cell line used as target. This has important implications for future clinical diagnostic and therapeutic studies.
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PMID:Localization and imaging of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies against colorectal carcinoma in tumor-bearing nude mice. 339 Aug 28

Human-human hybridoma technology was used to produce human monoclonal antibodies with reactivity to colorectal cancer antigens. Two different B-lymphoma cell lines were fused with lymphocytes obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes from colorectal cancer patients. The fusion frequency was 11% with LICR-LON-HMy-2. Out of 294 growing hybridomas 26 secreted antibodies reacting with epitopes on cultured colon adenocarcinoma cells. Only one (D4213) was established and has now been in culture for 1.5 years. D4213 antibody shows a strong reaction with colon cancer tissue compared with normal colon epithelium. Using W1-L2-729-HF2 the fusion frequency was about 50%. Of 2,487 hybridomas 499 produced immunoglobulin and 44 of these reacted with colon cancer tissues or cultured cancer cells. One of the established hybridomas produces antibody reacting with cancer cell membrane antigens, and on immunoblotting a number of components were stained. The antibody from the other hybridomas reacts with cytoplasmatic antigens, and only one of these showed reactivity in immunoblotting where it bound to a component with Mr of about 60K.
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PMID:Human-human hybridomas generated with lymphocytes from patients with colorectal cancer. 348 51

The pooling of large amounts of clinical data from all available and relevant (diverse) sources in order to achieve greater statistical confidence may be appropriate for most modern and well conducted clinical investigations. However, in order to arrive at specific and meaningful conclusions, such exercises absolutely depend upon the homogeneity (or at least comparability) of the study population and therapy under scrutiny. There are currently many opportunities for pooling studies of cancer treatment. The most attractive disease situations are those with a sufficiently large number of completed randomized studies. Some to be considered are colon cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, ovarian cancer and lymphoma.
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PMID:Potential pooling opportunities: cancer. 361 86

Human-human hybridoma technology was evaluated for the study of humoral immune reactions of colorectal cancer patients against their own tumors. Six fusions were carried out with lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes from patients with colorectal cancer, using the human B-lymphoma cell line LICR-LON-HMy-2 as fusion partner. A total of 294 wells with cell growth were obtained. Supernatants from 26 of these reacted in enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) with one or more colon cancer cell lines. Cells from only one of these wells (D 4213) could be cloned. The clone was shown to produce antibody which by immunocytochemical analysis reacted with a panel of colon cancer cell lines and melanoma cell lines but not with several other cancer cell lines or normal human leukocytes. By immunohistochemical analysis on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue this antibody reacted strongly with antigen expressed by autologous and allogeneic colorectal cancers. Faint staining could occasionally be observed on normal colon epithelium. D4213 is a hybrid cell line since it is tetraploid and produces kappa and lambda light chains as well as gamma and mu chains, whereas HMy-2 produces only kappa and gamma chains. The study produces only kappa and gamma chains. The study suggests that patients may possess B cells producing antibody reactive with their own malignant cells.
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PMID:Human-human hybridomas for the study of anti-tumor immune response in patients with colorectal cancer. 369 31

To clarify the effects of oxygen tension on colony formation of fresh human tumor cells, we examined 25 fresh human tumor samples (sixteen gastric cancers, three colon cancers, three breast cancers, one esophageal cancer, one leiomyosarcoma and one malignant lymphoma), using the human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) technique. Three different oxygen tensions (2 per cent, 5 per cent, 20 per cent) were tested. At 5 per cent O2, which is considered to be physiological oxygen tension, 19 out of 26 tumors (13/16 in gastric cancer, 2/3 in colon cancer, 1/3 in breast cancer, 1/1 in esophageal cancer, and 1/1 in leiomyosarcoma) showed significant increases of plating efficiencies as compared to those at 20 per cent O2. On the other hand, decreases in plating efficiencies were observed at 2 per cent O2 in seven out of 12 tumors as compared to 20 per cent O2 and eight out of 12 tumors, as compared to 5 per cent O2.
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PMID:Effects of oxygen tension on tumor colony formations assessed by human tumor clonogenic assay. 372 87

We examined the activity reported in phase II trials for all cytotoxic drugs introduced into clinical trial by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1970. For each drug in each tested tumor type we derived a response rate from the pooled data of all trials reported either in the literature or to the NCI. We rated a drug active if the lower 80% confidence bound of the response rate was greater than 10%. Of the 83 drugs developed and introduced by the NCI, there are 47 which we considered evaluable. Of these drugs, 24 were rated active in at least one cancer type, of which ten were analogs of drugs in wide clinical use. Diseases most commonly responsive include lymphoma (74% of the tested drugs rated active), leukemia (35%), urothelial cancer (29%), small cell lung cancer (29%), ovarian cancer (22%), cervical cancer (22%), and breast cancer (18%). For colon cancer and melanoma, only one of 42 and two of 30 tested drugs rated active, respectively. We also examined the completeness of clinical testing: among the 47 drugs there were 20 tested in greater than or equal to 14 patients with leukemia, 23 tested in patients with lymphoma, and 18 tested in patients with small cell lung cancer; whereas 34 drugs for breast cancer, 42 for colon cancer, and 33 for non-small cell lung cancer were more completely evaluated. Considering the "clinical panel" of seven cancer types (breast, non-small cell lung, small cell lung, colon, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma), drugs were tested in greater than or equal to 30 patients in a median of four tumor types. Testing in this panel failed to detect activity in only one drug found active in another tumor, although testing in diseases other than this clinical panel was even less complete. Phase II testing should emphasize completion of minimum accrual goals, testing in patient populations with minimum prior therapy, and evaluation in a minimum set of tumor types.
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PMID:Clinical drug development: an analysis of phase II trials, 1970-1985. 379 Dec 70

Five patients with multiple cancers that included hematologic malignancies are described. The incidence of multiple cancers in hematologic malignancies has been 8.8% in the past two and a half years at our hospital. The combinations were: 1) primary bilateral breast cancers and acute monocytic leukemia; 2) breast cancer, malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 3) malignant lymphoma and gastric cancer; 4) malignant lymphoma and prostate cancer, and 5) colon cancer and multiple myeloma. Our experience suggests an increasing incidence of multiple cancer in hematologic malignancies.
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PMID:[A report of five cases of multiple cancer with hematologic malignancies]. 386 85

The distribution of two monoclonal antibodies with reactivity against human leukemia/lymphoma associated antigens (BA-1 antibody) and carcinoembryonic antigen (202 antibody) when labeled with 131I or 111In was studied in normal Balb/c mice. The BA-1 antibody of the IgM subclass was labeled with 131I by the micro iodine monochloride method at a 12:1 molar ratio and with 111In by the cyclic DTPA anhydride method at a 10:1 molar ratio. In vitro, the 131I-labeled BA-1 antibody bound 35.5% to 10(7) KM-3 leukemic cells while the 111In-labeled BA-1 antibody bound 29.9% to the same number of KM-3 cells. In vivo, the 111In-labeled BA-1 antibody showed a higher accumulation in liver, spleen, and kidney than the 131I-labeled BA-1 antibody. The 202 antibody of the IgG1 subclass was labeled with 131I at a 5:1 molar ratio and with 111In at a 7:1 molar ratio. In vitro, the 131I-labeled 202 antibody bound 30.9%, 27.4%, and 30.0% to 10(7) CO-112, WIDR, and LS-174T colon cancer cells, respectively. The 111In-labeled 202 antibody bound 20.5%, 30.2%, and 33.6%, respectively to the same number of colon cancer cells. In vivo, the 131I-labeled 202 antibody showed a higher tissue to blood ratio in liver, spleen, and kidney than the 111In-labeled 202 antibody. The data indicate that the relative distribution of 131I-labeled versus 111In-labeled monoclonal antibody may depend on the immunoglobulin subclass of the antibody and the molar ratio used in labeling.
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PMID:Comparison of the distribution and binding of monoclonal antibodies labeled with 131-iodine or 111-indium. 400 81

A new modification of our detergent technique for the preparation of nuclei for flow cytometric DNA analysis is described. The attainment of low coefficients of variation of the peaks and of quantitative staining of nuclei from different tissues was a problem with the original method. This was solved in the new modification by trypsinization of the unfixed nuclei. The nuclei were stabilized by spermine. A simple procedure for long-term storage of samples at -80 degrees C was integrated into the method. The fluorescence of the nuclei was stable for at least 3 hours after staining. Light exposure protection of the samples was essential. No cell loss was caused by storage or staining. The method was successfully applied on samples including: (a) Normal tissues--human lymphocytes, granulocytes and spleen. Mouse lymphocytes, bone marrow, spleen, liver, kidney and thymus. (b) Human neoplasms--lung cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, bladder cancer and cancer of the oral cavity. (c) Human tumors in nude mice--breast cancer, lung cancer, melanoma and colon cancer. (d) Mouse ascites tumors--JB-1, L 1210, Ehrlich and P 383. It therefore seems well suited as a routine clinical procedure.
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PMID:A detergent-trypsin method for the preparation of nuclei for flow cytometric DNA analysis. 618 86


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