Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In unselected patient populations with ulcerative colitis the overall prognosis is good and has improved over the years. There is still an appreciable excess mortality, however, particularly during the first years after diagnosis and it tends to increase with duration of disease. Patients with severe attacks, total colitis, and high age at diagnosis are particularly at risk. The disease runs an inactive or intermittent course in the majority of patients, although up to one fifth of the patients have a progress of the original extent of the colitis. Worldwide, there has been a time trend of decreased mortality possibly affecting younger patients in particular. Complications of the acute attack with or without surgery, liver disease, and colon cancer account for the major part of the colitis-related deaths whereas the mortality pattern in other respects does not differ significantly from that of the general population. The colon cancer incidence seems lower than previously reported but still accounts for approximately one tenth of all deaths. If this figure can be improved with cancer surveillance and prophylactic colectomy seems probable but remains to be shown. Pregnancy, if planned, should be encouraged when the patient is in remission although the disease or its standard treatment does not seem to dangerously affect the patient, fetus, or the newborn infant. Surgical and medical treatment probably accounts for most of the improvement in prognosis seen over the years. The postoperative mortality has been reduced, especially in series where new surgical procedures have been used. A high frequency of major postoperative complications still remains a challenge for improvement. The medical intensive treatment of the acute attack has contributed to the improved prognosis. If compliance is good, the sulfasalazine prophylaxis may be one of the explanations to the change into a milder disease pattern that has been observed recently. Finally, and most important, a majority of patients sustain a normal life with full working capacity. Those who have surgery adapt well, particularly when a continence-saving procedure is used. The sexual function follows the improvement although the patient's need for support and counseling should not be underestimated.
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PMID:Prognosis in ulcerative colitis. 240 77

In a retrospective study of 399 patients with ulcerative colitis, 27 patients had colitic arthritis, 17 had ankylosing spondylitis, and 20 had clubbing of the fingers. Colitic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis were not related to severity, extent of involvement, or duration of colitis. A significant association between colitic arthropathy and other complications of ulcerative colitis, such as pseudopolyposis, perianal disease, eye lesions, skin eruptions, aphthous ulceration, and liver disease has been demonstrated. The outcome of the first referred attack of colitis in the presence of colitic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis remained uninfluenced. Clubbing of fingers was related to severity, extent of involvement, and length of the history of colitis. A significant association between clubbing of the fingers and carcinoma of the colon, pseudopolyposis, toxic dilatation, and arthropathy has been shown. The frequency of surgical intervention in patients with clubbing was higher but the overall mortality was not significantly different from the patients without clubbing.
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PMID:Arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, and clubbing of fingers in ulcerative colitis. 547 6

Twenty-two patients with colorectal cancer and metastatic liver disease in whom systemic intravenous therapy with 5-fluorouracil previously had failed were given fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C by hepatic arterial infusion. Ten of the 22 patients (45.4 percent) had a partial response and median survival of 14 months, as opposed to a median survival of six months among the 12 patients who did not have response to the treatment (p = 0.02). Hepatic arterial occlusion was effected in seven of the 10 patients who responded and in seven of the 12 nonresponding patients. Such manipulation of hepatic arterial blood flow did not have a significant effect on the survival duration in either group. Retreatment of patients with colon cancer and liver metastases by hepatic arterial infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C can result in significant prolongation of survival in patients with response to this treatment.
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PMID:Effective retreatment of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases. 622 19

Monoclonal IgG and IgM antibodies (mAbs) directed against serum galactosyltransferase (GalTase) activities were prepared and characterized for their relative specificity for GalTase isoenzymes I and II (GalTase I and GalTase II). After immunization of mice with purified GalTase, 7 of 1680 fusion products screened were positive for anti-GalTase activity in a solid-phase assay; of these 7, 2 were found to bind GalTase I in a somewhat selective manner while 1 (C6) was relatively specific for GalTase II. The Ka for anti-GalTase mAbs ranged from 2.7 X 10(7) to 1.1 X 10(8) M-1. Enzymatically active GalTase could be recovered from an affinity column of C6 coupled to Sepharose 4B following application of a cell extract from a human colon cancer cell line, confirming that the mAb is directed against GalTase. A sandwich RIA was developed to measure soluble GalTase II in serum by using a combination of two isoenzyme nonspecific mAbs (F5 and V10) coated on a solid-phase support followed by the addition of antigen and GalTase II-specific 125I-labeled C6. This assay was specific for GalTase II with a sensitivity of approximately 10 ng/ml. Evaluation of 240 sera demonstrated higher levels of GalTase II in patients with gastrointestinal cancer (48 ng/ml). However, in contrast to previous results with a radiochemical assay, some normal sera contained GalTase II (mean, 14 ng/ml) and some patients with liver disease had elevated levels (mean, 23 ng/ml). These studies demonstrate the production of moderate-affinity antibodies directed to serum GalTase isoenzymes and the development of an RIA useful in the study of GalTase.
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PMID:Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to serum galactosyltransferase. 642 33

With the obvious failure of nonoperative means of producing permanent weight reduction in patients with morbid obesity, operative approaches have become popular. In the late 1960's and early 1970's, jejunoileal bypass was shown to produce permanent weight reduction and became the most performed operation. However, as the patients were observed for a long term, many untoward complications became evident. The most serious complication of liver disease and even liver failure with fatalities was observed and has accounted for 91 reported deaths following jejunoileal bypass. Other complications include severe electrolyte imbalance, requiring frequent rehospitalization of the patient; renal calculi which is related to excess oxalate absorption; arthritis which is probably secondary to complement activation of high molecular weight immune complexes formed in response to the absorption of bacterial antigens; cholelithiasis which is related to reduced bile salts; a variety of intestinal difficulties, such as bypass enteritis, and pseudo-obstruction of the colon; osteomalacia and decreased bone mineral content; failure in absorption of some medications and fat-soluble vitamins, and most recently, the possibility of induced carcinoma of the colon. Because of these many complications, it is suggested that the jejunoileal bypass is not an appropriate operation for morbidly obese patients and should be abandoned.
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PMID:The decline and fall of the jejunoileal bypass. 662 19

A 77-year-old female patients developed severe hepatic injury after the administration of UFTR, which contains tegafur and uracil, for postoperative chemotherapy of colon cancer. Liver damage was recognized 10 months after its administration. Serum markers for viral hepatitis and various autoantibodies were negative. The wedged biopsied liver specimen revealed advanced chronic active hepatitis with periportal confluent necrosis, marked intralobular spotty necrosis, and significant proliferation of pseudo-bile ductules. Although the cessation of the drug and conservative therapies improved hepatic function, an accidental readministration of UFTR caused her severe hepatic damage again. These findings suggest that liver injury in the present case was caused by UFTR. Histological findings were unique. Although tegafur is known to worsen hepatic function when given to patients with liver cirrhosis, UFTR may also cause severe hepatic injury in those without preexisting liver disease.
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PMID:Severe chronic active hepatitis induced by UFTR containing tegafur and uracil. 758 27

A 59-year-old male with history of sigmoid colon cancer had a high serum-CEA level and was referred for the evaluation of metastatic liver disease. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography showed two tumours in the liver. Macroscopically, these were in segment 4 (S4) and 2 (S2). Histologically, the tumour in S4 showed a number of bile ductules with variable amounts of stroma, an appearance compatible with bile duct adenoma (BDA). There were markedly atypical ductules of various sizes, the epithelium of which had coarsely granular/hyperchromatic large nuclei, in some areas of the lesion. These atypical ductules showed invasive growth into the liver parenchyma. Some cystically dilated ductules with bile plugs resembling bile duct hamartoma (BDH) were also seen. The other tumour in S2, was a metastatic adenocarcinoma from sigmoid colon and showed strongly positive staining for CEA. Since the lesion in S4 of our case is solitary and most of histological features are similar to those of BDA with markedly atypical bile ductules, we consider that this may be the first case of cholangiocarcinoma associated with BDA with focal area of BDH. It is possible that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence occurs in biliary tumours.
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PMID:Cholangiocarcinoma arising in bile duct adenoma with focal area of bile duct hamartoma. 775 93

Liver transplantation is complicated by specific medical problems. Diabetes mellitus occurs in 4-20% of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis and ulcerative colitis experience up to a 13% incidence of colon cancer after transplantation. Lymphomas occur in 1-3% of patients after transplantation and account for 57% of malignancies occurring in adult patients. Atraumatic bone fractures occur in 22-38% of patients and neurological complications, including seizures, headache, and neuropathy occur in 19-47% of patients following liver transplantation. Patients undergoing liver transplantation may experience recurrence of their primary liver disease: hepatitis B, hepatitis C, primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune hepatitis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. In patients not receiving immunoprophylaxis after transplantation for chronic hepatitis B, recurrent hepatitis B is seen in up to 90% of patients. This can be markedly reduced with hyperimmune globulin immunoprophylaxis. Recurrent hepatitis C is seen in the majority of patients; current treatment modalities are inadequate. Recurrence of primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis in the allograft is infrequent. Autoimmune hepatitis may recur in up to 26% of patients following liver transplantation. Primary disease recurrence in the allograft and preventive strategies are discussed.
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PMID:Medical problems occurring after orthotopic liver transplantation. 928 32

The medical records of 267 patients who had liver tumors, primary and metastatic, from 1988 to 1995 were retrospectively reviewed. Two hundred thirteen patients (80%) had metastatic disease, and 54 patients (20%) had primary liver disease. Their clinical manifestations and laboratory values were evaluated as factors predictive of diagnosis and survival. There was a significant increase in the occurrence of upper abdominal pain, weight loss, extrahepatic symptoms due to the metastatic origin, and hepatomegaly. Metastases from colorectal primary lesions were synchronous in 34 patients and metachronous in 31 patients. Stomach, lung, and pancreatic primaries were more commonly synchronous. Breast metastases were more commonly metachronous. Elevated serum glutamic-oxaloecetic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and decreased albumin were the most common liver test abnormalities at diagnosis. Carcinoembryonic antigen values were elevated in the majority of colon cancer patients. Eighty-one percent of patients with primary liver cancer had elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein, 40 per cent were seropositive for hepatitis B, and 23 per cent were seropositive for hepatitis C. Seventy-nine patients (30%) underwent surgery for their cancer, 37 (47%) had resections, 38 (48%) were unresectable, and 4 (5%) underwent liver transplantation. The patients who underwent surgery had a 32 per cent 5-year survival rate compared to a 0 per cent 5-year survival in the patients who did not have surgery (p = 0.0001). The patients who had resections had a better survival rate than those deemed unresectable at surgery (62% versus 0% at 5-years with p = 0.0008). The perioperative morbidity rate was 16 per cent, with lobectomies having the best rate and trisegmentectomies having the worst. Perioperative mortality rate was zero for all liver resections. Hepatic resection and, in selected patients, liver transplantation are the only two available therapeutic modalities that produce long-term survival with a possible cure in patients with primary and metastatic liver tumor.
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PMID:Surgical and nonsurgical management of primary and metastatic liver tumors. 952 Aug 9

This paper reviews the evidence for the claims of health benefits derived from the use of probiotics. A brief history of probiotics and the types of probiotics currently used and the criteria for the selection of probiotics is discussed. The ability of probiotics to enhance the nutritional content and bioavailability of nutrients and the scientific evidence for the usefulness of probiotics in alleviating the symptoms of lactose intolerance and in enhancing growth development is examined. The remainder of the review focuses on studies of a specific probiotic, Lactobacillus GG which has been extensively investigated for its health benefits in humans and animals. These studies severe as a model for the potential benefits of probiotics. The ability of Lactobacillus GG to treat or prevent diarrhoeal disease, to serve as an adjuvant for vaccines, to prevent rotavirus-induced diarrhoea, to prevent milk-based allergic reactions, alcohol-induced liver disease and colon cancer are presented. The review concludes with a discussion of the data supporting the safety of probiotics.
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PMID:Health benefits of probiotics. 992 85


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