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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data on Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors are used to investigate, for each city, possible circular asymmetry in cancer mortality around the hypocenter. Using the Cox regression method and controlling for age ATB, sex, followup year, distance from the hypocenter, and type of shielding, it is found that in Hiroshima cancer mortality was significantly higher in the westerly direction from the hypocenter. Mortality from stomach cancer, leukemia, and colon cancer were higher in the westerly direction. In Nagasaki, only lung cancer exhibited circular asymmetry, and was significantly higher in the westerly direction. For various reasons, the results tend to support the possibility of an asymmetry in radiation dose in Hiroshima, but not in Nagasaki. Also, possible asymmetry in nondose variables associated with cancer is suggested in both cities, particularly in variables associated with lung cancer. Indications for future work and implications for future dose-mortality investigations are discussed.
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PMID:Investigation of circular asymmetry in cancer mortality of Hiroshima and Nagasaki A-bomb survivors. 682 5

Indicine-N-oxide, a pyrrolizidine derivative, was selected for development because of activity in the murine P388 leukemia model. Route and schedule dependency have been demonstrated. It is believed that the antitumor activity of the drug is mediated via antimitotic effects and chromosomal damage. However, the active metabolic species responsible for these antitumor properties is not yet known. The major toxic effect was myelosuppression. Phase I clinical trials have arrived at recommended doses for further study. Colon carcinoma has been found to be possibly responsive, and several tumor types were reported stable during phase I testing. In a single phase II study in refractory leukemia, there were three responses, including one complete response, among seven patients. Phase II studies in all panel tumors are indicated, especially colon carcinoma and leukemias.
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PMID:Indicine-N-oxide: a new antitumor agent. 693 84

Incidence of second primary cancers was evaluated in 7,127 women with invasive cancer of the cervix uteri, diagnosed between 1935 and 1978, and followed up to 38 years (average, 8.9 yr) in Connecticut. Among 5,997 women treated with radiation, 449 developed second primary cancers compared with 313 expected (relative risk = 1.4) on the basis of rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Excess incidence was noticeable 15 years or more after radiotherapy and attributed mostly to cancers of sites in or near the radiation field, especially the bladder, kidneys, rectum, corpus uteri, and ovaries. No excess was found for these sites among the 1,130 nonirradiated women. The ratio of observed to expected cancers for these sites did not vary appreciably by age at irradiation. The data suggested that high-dose pelvic irradiation was associated with increase in cancers of the bladder, kidneys, rectum, ovaries, corpus uteri, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but, apparently, not leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, or colon cancer.
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PMID:Second cancers following radiotherapy for cervical cancer. 695 49

The numbers of strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of normal subjects and cancer patients were determined. The method used was to place peripheral blood mononuclear cells in microwells and culture them for 1 week. At the end of that period, adherent macrophages were counted in the Coulter counter after release. Adherent cells per milliliter of blood, per total cells, and per mononuclear cells or monocytes plated were markedly diminished in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 44 melanoma, 23 breast cancer, 18 lung cancer, nine colon cancer, and 27 leukemia patients. Median values were 14.8 X 10(4) adherent cells per ml peripheral blood for 86 normal subjects, as against 2.5 X 10(4) per ml in the peripheral blood of the 125 patients (P less than 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the adherent cell numbers and the peripheral blood leukocyte counts, but an excellent correlation of the different adherent cell counts with each other. The number of adherent cells in the peripheral blood varied inversely with age in the cancer patients, but not in the normal subjects (r = 0.29, P less than 0.005). When patients under age 50 were compared to the controls, the deficiency of adherent cells was slightly more severe in patients with stage IV lung cancer than in those with stage III lung cancer. In contrast, there was no difference in the degree of deficiency between patients with stage III melanoma and no evident disease and patients with stage IV disseminated metastatic disease. The implications of these results are discussed.
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PMID:Deficient strongly adherent monocytes in the peripheral blood of cancer patients. 696 25

Ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-3-[N-methylanilino)methyl]pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate (NSC 181928) is reported to be active against several experimental neoplasms. The experimental data obtained in the present study indicate that it causes the accumulation of cells at mitosis with both cultured cells and ascites cancer cells in vivo. This effect was observed with L1210, P388, colon cancer 26, colon cancer 38, and H.Ep. 2 cells in culture and with L1210 cells and P388 cells in mice. The agent was also active in vitro and in vivo against a line of leukemia P388 cells that are resistant to vincristine.
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PMID:Inhibition of mitosis and anticancer activity against experimental neoplasms by ethyl 5-amino-1,2-dihydro-3-[(N-methylanilino)methyl]-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazin-7-ylcarbamate (NSC 181928). 705 77

To evaluate the patterns of mesenteric disease as visualized by computed tomography (CT), we reviewed the scans of 370 patients whose primary diagnoses coincided with diseases known from the pathology literature to have frequent mesenteric involvement. Diagnoses included selected malignancies, inflammatory diseases, and traumatic injuries. Four general patterns of involvement of the mesentery were recognized: (a) rounded masses, (b) "cake-like" masses, (c) ill-defined masses, and (d) stellate mesentery. Of the malignancies reviewed, mesenteric involvement as visualized by CT occurred most commonly with ovarian carcinoma (20/52) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (41/134). The incidences of CT evidence of involvement of the mesentery with other common malignancies were carcinoma of the colon (8/68), carcinoma of the pancreas (5/21), and leukemia (5/19). Certain benign and malignant lesions of the mesentery do demonstrate unique CT patterns of involvement. Examples of the individual patterns in common and unusual disease states are illustrated.
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PMID:CT patterns of mesenteric disease. 709 94

As an extension of the previous finding that radioactivity of 14C-labeled D-amino acids after injection is localized preferentially in the tumor and the pancreas of tumor-bearing animals as compared with the corresponding L-amino acids tested, the results of similar uptake experiments using other tumors araa reported here. The present studies show high radioactivity uptake by human colon cancer, human thyroid cancer, and human leiomyosarcoma transplanted into nude mice, and by solid leukemia L1210 and solid sarcoma 180, but not by Morris hepatoma 7316A or 3'-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-induced rat hepatoma. The results suggest the potential utility of 11C-labeled D-amino acids for the detection of some cancers.
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PMID:High uptake of 14C-labeled D-amino acids by various tumors. 711 46

Several Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi River for their source of public drinking water have the highest mortality rates (1950-69) in the United States for several cancers. Therefore, a case-control mortality study on cancer of the liver, brain, pancreas, bladder, kidney, prostate, rectum, colon, esophagus, stomach, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, lung; breast and malignant melanoma, from 1960 to 1975 in South Louisiana parishes grouped for similarities in industrial characteristics, having approximately equal exposure of the population to surface and groundwater, was conducted. Noncancer deaths were randomly selected as controls and matched to the case death on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of death. Water source at death was assigned based on the residence at death and described as surface or ground and chlorinated or nonchlorinated. A significantly increased risk for surface, chlorinated water use was noted for rectal cancer. No risk could be demonstrated for colon cancer. The risk noted for bladder cancer by other investigators is not substantiated. Brain cancer risk appears to be associated with chlorinated groundwater, but this may be industrial confounding. Breast cancer demonstrated a slight, but significant, risk associated with surface chlorinated water. This risk, however, might be due to confounding of rural life style, early childbearing and large families with nonchlorinated water found in these settings. Chlorination risk for kidney cancer was not significant. No risk was observed in association with surface water for other cancers of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. Multiple myeloma was significantly associated with a risk from ground water.
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PMID:Case-control cancer mortality study and chlorination of drinking water in Louisiana. 715 59

Human tumor stem cell assay is an in vitro colony-forming technique. Double soft agar layers are used for culture tumor cells and cell lethality is judged by the numbers of colony formation in this assay. Single-cell suspension made from various malignant materials in cancer patients is placed in culture after exposing to various anticancer agents for one hour and incubated for two weeks. Antitumor effects of various anticancer agents against individual patients are evaluated by % inhibition of colony formation. Of 57 tumor specimens 42 (74%) formed at least five colonies per plate (per 0.5 x 10(6) cells). The colony-forming rates of various malignancies are as follows: breast cancer 14/15 (93%), ovarian cancer 8/10 (80%), stomach cancer 5/13 (38%), sarcoma 4/5 (80%), lung cancer 1/4 (25%), colon cancer 3/3, each of pancreas cancer, leukemia and primary unknown adenocarcinoma 2/2, malignant lymphoma 1/1. The median plating efficiency (number of colonies/number of nucleated cells plated) is 0.02% (range: 0.001-0.3%). High correlation between human tumor stem cell assay results and response of an individual patient's tumor to chemotherapy is reported by Salmon and Von Hoff. Human tumor stem cell assay is useful tool for the high prediction of chemosensitivity response.
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PMID:[Human tumor stem cell assay]. 718 17

A proportionate mortality study of deceased white male workers in the pattern and model making trades was conducted. Death certificates were obtained for 1257 death benefit-eligible members of the Pattern Makers' League of North America who had died in the years 1972-1978, and age-adjusted proportionate mortality was calculated using 1975 United States white male death rates. For the entire nationwide union, statistically significant excess proportions of deaths were observed due to colon cancer (proportionate mortality ratio, PMR = 167) and to brain tumors (PMR = 211). A statistically significant excess proportion of deaths due to colon cancer (PMR = 163) and to leukemia (PMR = 200) were observed among the members of the predominantly wood shop locals. Nonsignificant excess proportions of cancer deaths occurred at a number of other anatomical sites. Predominant occupational exposures included wood and plastic dusts and epoxy resins in wood shops and cutting oil mists and solvent vapors in the metal shops. These results suggest the need for better work practices in this industry while more definitive studies are completed.
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PMID:Pattern and model makers, proportionate mortality 1972-1978. 734 63


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