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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The gastrointestinal tract is considered to be a major route of infection for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To understand the interaction of HIV with epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, we have studied the infection of a human colon cancer cell clone HT-29-D4. The enterocyte-like differentiation of this clone can be modulated in vitro according to the concentration of glucose. We show that: (i) undifferentiated HT-29-D4 cells can be infected by HIV types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) strains with no subsequent effect on cell growth; (ii) undifferentiated HT-29-D4 cells express a CD4-related antigen bearing epitopes of the immunoglobulin-like variable (V) region domains V1 and V2 of CD4 but lacking the epitope known to be involved in HIV envelope recognition; (iii) differentiated HT-29-D4 cells can be infected by HIV after an interaction with either the apical brush border membrane (luminal side) or the basolateral side (serosal side); (iv) the CD4-like molecule is restricted to the basolateral domain of differentiated cells; and (v) the infection is not inhibited by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) OKT4, OKT4A, Leu-3a, Bl4, 13-B-8-2, S-T4 or S-T40. We conclude that epithelial intestinal cells may represent a major site of entry for HIV. Infection of these epithelial cells may occur via the basolateral membrane by HIV-bearing lymphocytes or macrophages of the lamina propria and via the apical membrane by HIV present in the bowel lumen. This infection may remain silent for up to 9 months, and the virus can be rescued by cocultivation with lymphoid cells. These data may give an explanation for the long latent seronegative state that may occur in a HIV-infected individual.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus can infect the apical and basolateral surfaces of human colonic epithelial cells. 171 4

The cotton-top tamarin, Saguinus oedipus, serves as an animal model for the study of human colon cancer. This New World monkey has a high incidence of colitis and colon cancer that develops spontaneously. Evidence suggests that these diseases may be the result of a virally induced immunodeficiency. We have shown that T4+/T8+ cell ratios are significantly altered in tamarins with acute colitis and colon cancers. The T4+/T8+ ratios were 1.50 +/- 0.09, 0.70 +/- 0.05, and 0.48 +/- 0.05 for negative controls, acute colitis, and cancer positive tamarins, respectively. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (p less than or equal to .0005) between negative controls vs. acute colitis and cancer positive groups.
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PMID:Analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in tamarins with colitis and colon cancer. 249 93

Colonic adenocarcinoma developed in an intravenous drug abuser with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) that was diagnosed by the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), generalized lymphadenopathy, and biopsy proven esophageal candidiasis. The colon cancer presented atypically at a young age with no known risk factors and with a bulky primary tumor and a local fistula. AIDS and AIDS risk factors have been associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, lymphomas, and anal and oropharyngeal carcinoma. This report suggests a possible association between colonic adenocarcinoma and AIDS.
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PMID:Colonic adenocarcinoma associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 339 Jul 98

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is thought to occur almost exclusively in immunosuppressed persons. Colonoscopy in patients with CMV colitis usually shows diffuse or localized ulceration, although mucosal friability, erosions, hemorrhage, and plaque-like pseudomembranes may be observed. We report on a patient with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis therapy who had abdominal symptoms, including bloody diarrhea, along with colonoscopic findings suggestive of carcinoma of the colon. The patient was not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and had normal lymphocyte subset numbers. He was subsequently found to have invasive CMV disease of the colon. CMV colitis can occur in persons who are not severely immunosuppressed, and its colonoscopic appearance may mimic that of colon cancer.
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PMID:Cytomegalovirus colitis mimicking colon carcinoma in an HIV-negative patient with chronic renal failure. 856 Nov 27

For people immunosuppressed by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we expect an increase in cancer incidence similar to that documented in transplant patients. We examined the cancer spectrum in an HIV-infected cohort, specifically malignancies not currently associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), in relation to the general population. Cancer incidence data for residents of Harris County, Texas, diagnosed between 1975 and 1994, were linked to HIV/AIDS registry data by Soundex code and date of birth to identify malignancies in an HIV-infected cohort of 14,986 persons. Incidence of cancer in this cohort was compared to the general population by standardized incidence ratio (SIR) analysis. From the HIV-infected cohort, 2289 persons (15%) were identified as having one or more malignancies, with 97% occurring in males. The linkage alone identified 29.5% of the malignancies, of which only 28.7% were diagnosed in males. Adjusting for age, HIV-infected men and women had incidences of cancer that were 16.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.1-17.3] and 2.9 (95% CI 2.3-3.7) times that expected for the general population of Harris County, Texas. Besides Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cervix cancer and brain lymphoma, non-AIDS related malignancies of Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-melanotic skin cancer in males and colon cancer in females, exhibited significant SIRs of 5.6 (95% CI 3.6-8.4), 6.9 (95% CI 4.8-9.5) and 4.0 (95% CI 1.1-10.2). Increased incidences of lung, prostate and breast malignancies were not seen in this HIV cohort. Persons infected with HIV appear to be at increased risk for the non-AIDS related malignancies, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-melanotic skin cancer in males and colon cancer in females.
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PMID:HIV-related malignancies: community-based study using linkage of cancer registry and HIV registry data. 1063 60

A 77-year-old man was in good health until he complained of fatigue 3 weeks before presentation. Two weeks before admission, he developed gradually worsening shortness of breath. One week before admission, he developed a cough that initially was nonproductive but later was associated with hemoptysis.His past medical history was remarkable for a history of colon cancer (Dukes' stage III), for which he underwent a hemicolectomy and treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy in 1993. He had a myocardial infarction in 1986 and underwent coronary artery bypass surgery in 1999. He also had a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and gout. He smoked in the past but had stopped more than 30 years ago.He was initially evaluated by his primary care physician, who noted that he complained of diaphoresis but denied fevers, chills, or contact with others who were ill. His physical examination was remarkable for bilateral crackles that were more pronounced on the right. A chest radiograph demonstrated bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (Figure 1). He was treated with amoxicillin. The next day, however, his physician noted that his dyspnea had worsened and that his oxygen saturation on room air was poor. He was therefore admitted for further evaluation. The amoxicillin was discontinued, and he was treated with levofloxacin, followed by ceftriaxone and azithromycin as his pulmonary status continued to deteriorate. He received intravenous diuretic agents, which failed to improve his respiratory status. During the initial phase of hospitalization, he was anemic, with a hematocrit of 21.3%. His serum creatinine level, which had been 1.0 mg/dL in 1999, was now 2.5 mg/dL. Urinalysis was remarkable for the presence of numerous red blood cells. His oxygen requirement increased, and he eventually required a 100% nonrebreather mask. A computed tomographic scan of the chest demonstrated prominent alveolar opacities throughout the right upper, middle, and lower lobes, with similar opacities in the left upper and left lower lobes (Figure 2). An echocardiogram showed an ejection fraction of 50%, as well as mild mitral regurgitation. Serologies were remarkable for an antinuclear antibody titer of 1:320 and a P-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (P-ANCA) titer of greater than 1:320. C-ANCA was negative. Anti-glomerular basement membrane and anti-human immunodeficiency virus antibodies were undetectable.
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PMID:Cases from the medical grand rounds of the Osler Medical Service at Johns Hopkins University. 1207 15

Autologous tumor cells stimulated with T lymphocytes (AuTL) were generated ex vivo from peripheral blood lymphocytes over a two-week co-culturing process with autologous tumor cells. These AuTLs were capable of lysing established tumor cell lines and may have a potential for efficacy as an adoptive immunotherapy (IT) in advanced and metastatic refractory cancer patients (pts). We investigated the feasibility of a combination of AuTL transfer and chemotherapy (ChT) based on the conventional conditioning regimen in order to take advantage by both the anticancer effects and reconstruction of antitumor immunity. Nineteen patients were enrolled in a pilot clinical trial. The two administrations of AuTL were given prior to chemotherapy (ChT) for one treatment cycle. The treatment was repeated at least for three cycles over a one-week interval. The conventional ChT regimen was based on the standard dosage. The pts consisted of 3 of gastric cancer, colon cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, respectively, 6 of esophageal cancer, and 2 of breast and pancreas carcinoma, respectively. AuTLs were administered 1x/2 weeks using direct injection or intraarterial infusion. The median duration of the treatment was over 11.5 months, and the median survival time was 14.8 months. Adverse events related to both the ChT and AuTL transfers at all dosages were minimal. Four of the 13 pts achieved major tumor responses (2 CR: complete regression and 2 PR: partial regression) in this study. Three pts showed progressive disease, and 6 pts had stable disease for over 90 days. PBMC were evaluated for cytokine production prior to the treatment and after 3 treatments. Two and one of 4 CR/PR pts had increased IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production with no TGF-beta1 responses by their PBMC after 3 treatments, respectively. Two out of 6 pts who experienced stable disease after the treatment had high IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha responses and no TGF-beta1 or IL-4 response. TGF-beta1 and IL-4 secretion increased in parallel in 3 out of 3 pts that experienced progressive disease after the treatment. These data show that combination therapy of AuTL transfer and non-myeloablative ChT is a feasible option for patients with refractory advanced cancers without serious adverse events and without reducing Th1 cytokine responses in peripheral blood for most of the pts that responded to the treatment. According to each mechanism of IT and ChT, a more stringent evaluation of AuTL transfer combined with non-myeloablative ChT for various kinds of cancers should be performed to manage the immunodeficiency in the pts with advanced cancer and to improve the effect of antitumor AuTLs.
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PMID:[The repetitive immune cell transfer therapy combining non-myelosuppressive chemotherapy for patients with advanced and refractory cancer]. 1555 72

Astragalus memebranaceus is used as immunomodulating agent in treating immunodeficiency diseases and to alleviate the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. In recent years, it has been proposed that Astragalus may possess anti-tumorigenic potential in certain cancer cell types. In this study, the anti-carcinogenic effects of Astragalus saponin extract were investigated in HT-29 human colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft. Our findings have shown that Astragalus saponins (AST) inhibit cell proliferation through accumulation in S phase and G2/M arrest, with concomitant suppression of p21 expression and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Besides, AST promotes apoptosis in HT-29 cells through caspase 3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage, which is indicated by DNA fragmentation and nuclear chromatin condensation. Nevertheless, we also demonstrate the anti-tumorigenic effects of AST in vivo, of which the reduction of tumor volume as well as pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in HT-29 nude mice xenograft are comparable with that produced by the conventional chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In addition, the side effects (body weight drop and mortality) associated with the drug combo 5-FU and oxaliplatin are not induced by AST. These results indicate that AST could be an effective chemotherapeutic agent in colon cancer treatment, which might also be used as an adjuvant in combination with other orthodox chemotherapeutic drugs to reduce the side effects of the latter compounds.
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PMID:Astragalus saponins induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and tumor xenograft. 1714 4

A short peptide, corresponding to the nuclear localization signal of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein, Arg-Lys-Lys-Arg-Arg-Gln-Arg-Arg-Arg, was modified by adding a cysteine residue at the COOH terminus. The peptide was mixed with a reporter plasmid, and then with cationic lipids, to form a tripartite complex, DNA/peptide/lipid (DPL). Various cell lines were treated with the DPL complex and compared for transfection efficiency with those of the conventional DNA/lipid (DL) complex. With the simple inclusion of the peptide, the DPL complex showed much enhanced transfection. Meanwhile, the plasmid DNA mixed only with the peptide exhibited some improvement but with much lower transfection than the DPL complex. When the DPL complex was formed with various cationic lipids, the DOSPA/DOPE exhibited superior transfection efficiency than the other cationic lipids tested at the optimal ratio of 1:3:5 (w:w:w) in many cell types. At the optimal ratio of the DPL components, transfection efficiency was routinely shown to be approximately 10-fold higher for reporter gene expression than that of the conventional DL complex. Furthermore, when subcutaneous tumors of a colon cancer cell line (SW480) were treated intratumorally with antisense oligos, k-ras-RiAS, delivered as a DPL complex, tumor growth was markedly suppressed. This study shows that the DPL complex, which is easy to formulate by ordered mixing, can be employed for a much enhanced cellular uptake of a transgene both in vitro and in vivo.
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PMID:Marked transfection enhancement by the DPL (DNA/peptide/lipid) complex. 1778 72

Friends and colleagues remember John N. Brady, Ph.D., Chief of the Virus Tumor Biology Section of the Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, who died much too young at the age of 57 on April 27, 2009 of colon cancer. John grew up in Illinois and received his Ph.D. with Dr. Richard Consigli at Kansas State University studying the molecular structure of polyomavirus. In 1984 John came to the National Institutes of Health as a Staff Fellow in the laboratory of Dr. Norman Salzman, Laboratory of Biology of Viruses NIAID, where he was among the first to analyze SV40 transcription using in vitro transcription systems and to analyze regulatory sequences for SV40 late transcription. He then trained with Dr. George Khoury in the Laboratory of Molecular Virology NCI, where he identified SV40 T-antigen as a transcriptional activator protein. His research interests grew to focus on the human retroviruses: human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), analyzing how interactions between these viruses and the host cell influence viral gene regulation, viral pathogenesis and viral transformation. His research also impacted the fields of eukaryotic gene regulation and tumor suppressor proteins. John is survived by his wife, Laraine, and two sons, Matt and Kevin.
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PMID:Memories of John N. Brady: scientist, mentor and friend. 1945 30


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