Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1968 and 1972, 33 patients with carcinoma of the colon or the rectum underwent a radical surgical procedure followed by adjuvant irradiation therapy. One month after surgery, 6,000 rads were delivered in 6 to 7 weeks. Five of these patients presented later a radiotherapy ileitis, colitis or rectitis. One of them developed a rectitis of the anastomotic area with important diarrheas treated by drugs only; a second presented bowel subobstructions induced by a radiotherapy ileitis and died in cachexy a few months later. The 3 other patients underwent surgery again; one of them for adhesions in the anastomotic area: a definite left colostomy was realized for a stenosic rectitis in the second patient; the last patient underwent surgery 4 times again and died from a rupture of the iliaca artery. Discussion on the observations made at surgery and on the surgical pathology data could explain the high rate of these iatrogenic lesions induced by radiotherapy.
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PMID:[Digestive lesions caused by radiotherapy after surgery (author's transl)]. 89 56

Case presentation of a 35-year-old patient with a history of chronic colitis of 16 years duration. Crohn's disease in this patient involved the entire colon without skip lesions and without terminal ileitis. The course was complicated by recurrent erythema nodosum and wandering arthritis as well as sclerosing cholangitis and multifocal adenocarcinoma of the large bowel. Sclerosing cholangitis is a rare condition in Crohn's disease (1,8) whereas pericholangitis in liver biopsy specimen was diagnosed in prospective studies in 8 (7) to 30 (2) per cent. The same is true for carcinomas complicating granulomatous enterocolitis. In a recent review 36 cases of small bowel cancer (4) and 20 cases of colon cancer (5) were reported. Weedon et al. (9) calculated the risk of developing carcinoma to be 20 times greater in Crohn's enterocolitis than in a control population. Using life-table methods the 10-year probability of remaining cancer free was 99.7 per cent, the 20-year probability 97.2 per cent. In our patient the long-lasting history of Crohn's colitis with several minor complications and the multiplicity of colonic carcinomas speak in favor of a causal relationship between the chronic inflammation and the development of malignancy.
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PMID:Clinical conference: Unusual course of chronic colitis. 94 26

The 82 cases of Crohn's disease diagnosed in Greater Cape Town between 1970 and 1979 were followed up after a median time of 9.6 years from diagnosis. Sixty patients were contacted; 6 had died and 16 were not available for follow-up. Only 1 death was disease-related. Mortality in Crohn's disease was not increased. There were no cases of carcinoma of the colon. At diagnosis most patients had had moderately severe disease, and 10 years later, 80% had mild-to-moderate symptoms. The 5-year resection rate was 46% and the 10-year rate 68%; 23% of patients required a second resection within 5 years of the first, and 42% within 10 years. Surgery occurred earlier in those with ileitis. Ten patients were over the age of 60 years at diagnosis; there was no apparent difference between the extent of their disease and that in the group as a whole. However, the elderly patients appeared to have a better prognosis--59% having been symptom-free for more than 1 year, and none having required a second resection.
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PMID:Medium-term follow-up of Crohn's disease in Cape Town. 266 72

The risk of colorectal cancer is increased in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. Regular dysplasia surveillance colonoscopy in chronic colitis generally has been adopted as a strategy to prevent colorectal cancer or at least to diagnose it in an earlier stage. This has not been proven to reduce mortality, but it does provide the clinician and the patient with some confidence that they are participating in an active strategy to deal with the problem of colorectal cancer in chronic colitis. Disease extent and duration have long been held to be risk factors for colorectal cancer in chronic colitis, and recently some special risk groups have been identified which may require either more intensive surveillance or alternative approaches to cancer prevention. These include patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, patients with first-degree relatives with sporadic colon cancer, and possibly, patients with backwash ileitis. There is an emerging interest in potential chemopreventative strategies in both sporadic and colitis-associated colorectal cancer. There also have been suggestive data that chronic maintenance 5-aminosalicylate use might reduce the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Recent data have suggested some potential preventative benefit of using ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. The scientific rationale for using these agents is sound but clinical data are lacking to fully support these approaches as chemoprevention in chronic colitis at present.
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PMID:Cancer prevention in inflammatory bowel disease and the chemoprophylactic potential of 5-aminosalicylic acid. 1247 51

We report a case of obstructive ileitis (OI) secondary to colon cancer. A 62-year-old man was hospitalized for abdominal pain and a feeling of fullness. Examinations revealed a mechanical ileus caused by an obstructing carcinomatous lesion of the cecum. He underwent laparotomy on the tenth hospital day, and a right hemicolectomy was carried out with resection of the distended and edematous ileum. The histopathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma in the cecum involving the ileocecal valve and nonspecific inflammatory change of the ileum, with mucosal necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration involving the subserosal layer. His postoperative course was uneventful. OI does not always show similar histological features to obstructive colitis; however, they are both important types of obstructing lesions, and their possibility must be kept in mind during colorectal cancer surgery.
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PMID:Obstructive ileitis secondary to colon cancer: report of a case. 1265 88

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face an increased lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Although CRC in IBD only accounts for 1-2% of all cases of CRC in the general population, it is responsible for approximately 15% of the mortality of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Independent factors associated with increased risk include long disease duration, extensive colonic involvement, young age at onset of IBD, severity of inflammation, primary sclerosing cholangitis, backwash ileitis and a family history of CRC. Many of these factors emphasise the role of inflammation as an underlying mechanism. Despite the differences between the molecular abnormalities found in colitis-associated dysplasia in comparison with sporadic CRC, IBD-associated cancer has a similar dysplasia-cancer sequence, similar frequencies of major chromosomal abnormalities, microsatellite instability and similar glycosylation changes. These similarities seem to outweigh the differences and make it reasonable to suggest that not only IBD-associated CRC but even sporadic colon cancer might be largely secondary to inflammation. Oxidative stress, apoptosis, COX-2 activity and a possible common inherited defective glycosylation are thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of colitis-associated CRC. DNA alterations initiated in colonic crypts can expand to adjacent crypts through crypt fission. There seems little doubt that the increased risk of cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases is a result of the disease rather than an inherited phenomenon. An understanding of the definition and pathogenesis of CRC in IBD is crucial to optimise patient management. Further investigation is therefore necessary.
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PMID:Dysplasia and colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: a result of inflammation or an intrinsic risk? 1931 76

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer. Evidence suggests that colonic dysplasia and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) are often linked to repeated cycles of epithelial cell injury and repair in the context of chronic production of inflammatory cytokines. Several mouse models of CAC have been proposed, including chemical induction through exposure to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) with the genotoxic agents azoxymethane (AOM), 1,2-dymethylhydrazine (DHM) or targeted genetic mutations. However, such models are usually performed on healthy animals that usually lack the underlying genetic predisposition, immunological dysfunction and dysbiosis characteristic of IBD. We have previously shown that inbred SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice develop a progressive Crohn's disease (CD)-like ileitis in the absence of spontaneous colitis. We hypothesize that SAMP mice may be more susceptible to colonic tumorigenesis due to their predisposition to IBD. To test this hypothesis, we administered AOM/DSS to IBD-prone SAMP and their non-inflamed parental control strain, AKR mice. Our results showed that AOM/DSS treatment enhanced the susceptibility of colitis in SAMP compared to AKR mice, as assessed by endoscopic and histologic inflammatory scores, daily weight loss and disease activity index (DAI), during and after DSS administration. SAMP mice also showed increased colonic tumorigenesis, resulting in the occurrence of intramucosal carcinoma and a higher incidence of high-grade dysplasia and tumor burden. These phenomena occurred even in the absence of AOM and only upon repeated cycles of DSS. Taken together, our data demonstrate a heightened susceptibility to colonic inflammation and tumorigenesis in AOM/DSS-treated SAMP mice with CD-like ileitis. This novel model represents a useful tool to investigate relevant mechanisms of CAC, as well as for pre-clinical testing of potential IBD and colon cancer therapeutics.
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PMID:A novel model of colitis-associated cancer in SAMP1/YitFc mice with Crohn's disease-like ileitis. 2830 79