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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant tumors of three types were synchronous in the same patient--sigmoid colon cancer and two extremely rare sarcomas, viz. hepatic leiomyosarcoma and hemangiosarcoma of the spleen. All tumors could be radically resected in one operation.
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PMID:Triple synchronous malignant tumors. Hepatic leiomyosarcoma, splenic hemangiosarcoma and sigmoid colon cancer. Case report. 318 97

The clinical pharmacology and toxicity of a novel anthracycline derivative, 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP-adriamycin), was investigated in patients with advanced malignant diseases. The starting dose was 30 mg/m2 which was escalated by increments of 10 mg/m2. Twelve patients with a median age of 42 (range, 19-69) years and a median Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2 (range, 1-2) were entered into the study. The diagnoses included four testicular cancers, two breast cancers, two small cell lung cancers, two acute myeloid leukemias, one colon cancer, and one hemangiosarcoma. THP-adriamycin was given as an i.v. bolus injection every 3 weeks. Evaluable were 18 courses for general toxicity, 16 courses for hematological toxicity, and 16 courses for pharmacokinetics. THP-adriamycin had a short initial half-life of 1.4 +/- 0.3 min (mean +/- SD) due to rapid cellular uptake. Peak concentrations in unseparated blood cells were reached 5 min after drug injection and remained higher than in plasma throughout the observation period of 72 h. The half-lives of THP-adriamycin in plasma were 19 +/- 2.8 min in an intermediate and 13 +/- 1.6 h in the terminal phase. A linear correlation was observed between the dose and the areas under the concentration curves for THP-adriamycin in plasma (r2 = 0.97) and blood cells (r2 = 0.99). The volume of distribution was 2124 +/- 221 liters/m2 and the total clearance rate 115 +/- 11 liters/m2h. THP-adriamycin was metabolized to Adriamycin, THP-adriamycinol, and adriamycinol. The major metabolite was Adriamycin with a terminal half-life in plasma of 33 +/- 10 h. The area under the curve of Adriamycin was also correlated to the administered dose (r2 = 0.96). Since excessive peak concentrations of Adriamycin were avoided, the treatment with THP-adriamycin might be an alternative to continuous infusions or weekly administrations. The maximum tolerated dose was 70 mg/m2, and the dose-limiting toxicities were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. Anemia, nausea, and vomiting were mild to moderate, and no other toxicity was observed. All side effects were dose dependent and reversible. In a patient with breast cancer, a disease stabilization was achieved lasting for 9 weeks. No objective remission was observed. We suggest 60 mg/m2 in pretreated or poor risk and 70 mg/m2 in untreated or good risk patients every 3 weeks for further clinical trials.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacology and toxicity of 4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin. 381 48

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the CT characteristics of metastatic pulmonary tumor. The study included 163 cases. Analysis of the distribution of 1265 metastatic nodules observed the conventional and helical CT with 10 mm slice thickness showed that they were distributed mainly below the carina and external peripheral lung field. The relationship between the characteristics of the margins of the metastatic nodules and primary tumors was evaluated in 280 nodules with high-resolution CT(HRCT). The margins were smooth in 88% of thyroid cancers, 85% of hepatocellular carcinomas and 75% of renal cell carcinomas, and irregular in 75% of pharyngolaryngeal cancers, 62% of colon cancers and 58% of breast cancers. HRCT findings were correlated with histology in 23 surgically resected metastatic nodules. The well-defined smooth margin on HRCT histologically corresponded to the expanding type, while the irregular margin corresponded predominantly to the alveolar space-filling type. Among other CT findings calcification was seen in colon cancer and osteosarcoma, and cavitation in pharyngolaryngeal cancer, colon cancer angiosarcoma, pancreatic cancer and endometrial uterine cancer. The author concludes that CT is useful for observing the morphologic features of metastatic pulmonary nodules which seem to reflect the underlying pathologic characteristics and thus contributes to the diagnosis.
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PMID:[CT of metastatic pulmonary tumor: morphology, HRCT and histological correlation]. 901 64

The cyclooxygenase (Cox) enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting oxidative and peroxidative enzymatic steps in the biosynthesis of prostanoids. Both Cox-1 and -2 genes encode the two isoenzymes that carry out similar enzymatic steps. Enhanced Cox activity is associated with proliferative diseases such as colon cancer. To determine if a cause and effect relationship exists between Cox isoenzyme overexpression and tumorigenesis, the human Cox-1 and Cox-2 isoenzymes were transfected into ECV immortalized endothelial cells. Although numerous clones of Cox-1 expressing cells were obtained, Cox-2 overexpression resulted in growth disadvantage and increased cell death. In contrast, Cox-1 overexpressing cells expressed high levels of the functional Cox-1 polypeptide in the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. In vitro proliferation of these cells was reduced compared with vector-transfected ECV cells. Cox-1 overexpression also enhanced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of ECV cells 2-fold. In contrast to the in vitro behavior, ECV-Cox-1 cells proliferated aggressively and formed tumors in athymic "nude" mice, whereas the vector-transfected counterparts did not. The growth of Cox-1-induced tumors was not inhibited by indomethacin, suggesting a nonprostanoid function of Cox-1. ECV-Cox-1-derived tumors were angiosarcoma-like and contained numerous host-derived neovessels. These data suggest that Cox-1 overexpression in immortalized ECV endothelial cells results in nuclear localization of the polypeptide and tumorigenesis.
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PMID:Tumorigenic transformation of immortalized ECV endothelial cells by cyclooxygenase-1 overexpression. 926 Nov 62

Mice lacking both p18(Ink4c) and p27(Kip1) develop a tumor spectrum similar to pRb(+/-) mice, and loss of p53 function accelerates tumorigenesis in pRb(+/-) mice. We hypothesized that codeletion of either p18 or p27 in conjunction with p53 deletion will also accelerate tumorigenesis. Mice lacking both p18 and p53 develop several tumors not reported in either single null genotype, including hepatocellular carcinoma, testicular choriocarcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Mice lacking both p27 and p53 exhibit a decreased lifespan and develop unique tumors, including papillary carcinoma of the colon, hemangiosarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma. In both p18/p53 and p27/p53 double null genotypes, the incidence and spectra of tissues that develop lymphoma are also increased, as compared to the single null genotypes. The development of p27/p53 double null colon tumors correlates with secondary changes in cell-cycle protein expression and CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) activity, perhaps contributing to the progression of colorectal cancer. We concluded that p18 and p27 can, not only functionally collaborate with one another, but also can independently collaborate with p53 to modulate the cell cycle and suppress tumorigenesis in a tissue-specific manner.
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PMID:Tumorigenesis in p27/p53- and p18/p53-double null mice: functional collaboration between the pRb and p53 pathways. 1558 24

Gene fusions, like BCR/ABL1 in chronic myelogenous leukemia, have long been recognized in hematologic and mesenchymal malignancies. The recent finding of gene fusions in prostate and lung cancers has motivated the search for pathogenic gene fusions in other malignancies. Here, we developed a "breakpoint analysis" pipeline to discover candidate gene fusions by tell-tale transcript level or genomic DNA copy number transitions occurring within genes. Mining data from 974 diverse cancer samples, we identified 198 candidate fusions involving annotated cancer genes. From these, we validated and further characterized novel gene fusions involving ROS1 tyrosine kinase in angiosarcoma (CEP85L/ROS1), SLC1A2 glutamate transporter in colon cancer (APIP/SLC1A2), RAF1 kinase in pancreatic cancer (ATG7/RAF1) and anaplastic astrocytoma (BCL6/RAF1), EWSR1 in melanoma (EWSR1/CREM), CDK6 kinase in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (FAM133B/CDK6), and CLTC in breast cancer (CLTC/VMP1). Notably, while these fusions involved known cancer genes, all occurred with novel fusion partners and in previously unreported cancer types. Moreover, several constituted druggable targets (including kinases), with therapeutic implications for their respective malignancies. Lastly, breakpoint analysis identified new cell line models for known rearrangements, including EGFRvIII and FIP1L1/PDGFRA. Taken together, we provide a robust approach for gene fusion discovery, and our results highlight a more widespread role of fusion genes in cancer pathogenesis.
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PMID:Breakpoint analysis of transcriptional and genomic profiles uncovers novel gene fusions spanning multiple human cancer types. 2363 31

Oral dichloroacetate sodium (DCA) is currently under investigation as a single agent and as an adjuvant for treatment of various cancers. One of the factors limiting its clinical use in a continuous oral regimen is a dose-related, reversible neurotoxicity, including peripheral neuropathy and encephalopathy. The intravenous (IV) route has a number of potential advantages, including (1) pulsed dosing to achieve higher concentrations than feasible with oral use, (2) a longer washout period to reduce the potential for neurotoxicity, and (3) a bypassing of the digestive system, which is particularly significant for advanced-stage cancer patients. Data were available on high-dose IV DCA (up to 100 mg/kg/dose) that have confirmed its safety, both in healthy volunteers and in critically ill patients, allowing the authors to begin off-label treatment of cancer patients. In several of their patients treated with IV DCA, the authors observed clinical, hematological, or radiological responses. This article presents 3 cases with patients who had recurrent cancers and for whom all conventional therapies had failed: (1) a 79-y-old male patient with colon cancer who had liver metastases, (2) a 43-y-old male patient with angiosarcoma who had pancreatic and bone metastases, and (3) a 10-y-old male patient with pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma who had liver metastases.
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PMID:A novel form of dichloroacetate therapy for patients with advanced cancer: a report of 3 cases. 2536 14

Primary angiosarcoma of the bone (PAB) is a rare and fatal high-grade malignant vascular bone tumor. We report a rare case of multicentric PAB mimicking bone metastasis in a 59-year-old female patient with a history of sigmoid colon cancer. This patient complained of lower back and pelvic pain and presented with multiple osteolytic bone lesions on plain radiography and pelvic computed tomography. First, bone metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer was suspected. However, on the (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scan, the patient presented unusual multiple hypermetabolic osteolytic bone lesions involving contiguous bones of the lower half of the body. After bone biopsy, these lesions were confirmed to be multicentric PAB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of an (18)F-FDG PET/CT scan in a patient with multicentric primary bone angiosarcoma.
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PMID:Multicentric Primary Angiosarcoma of Bone Mimicking Metastasis on (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient with a History of Sigmoid Colon Cancer: a Case Report. 2655 53