Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Inhibition of leukocyte migration in agarose-agar was used as a probe for tumor-associated antigen in 3-M KCl solubilized extracts of gastric, colon, and lung cancers from humans. Twelve of 40 (30%) leukocyte preparations from gastric cancer patients, 10 of 21 (48%) from colon cancer patients, and 7 of 14 (50%) from lung cancer patients were inhibited by their respective histologically homologus cancer extract. However, among 75 preparations from various cancer patients, leukocytes from only 2 gastric cancer patients were inhibited by paired normal gastric tissue extracts. Only 2 of 68 preparations from normal individuals and none of 67 preparations from patients with nonmalignant diseases, such as gastric peptic ulcer, gastritis, colon polyposis, colitis, pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and sarcoidosis, were inhibited by cancer extracts. These findings suggest the presence in KCl extracts of gastric cancer of presumed tumor-associated antigen(s) that is antigenically distinct from that of either colon or lung cancer.
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PMID:Inhibition of human leukocyte migration in agar by 3-M potassium chloride extracts of stomach, colon, and lung cancers. 28 34

A diverse number of hematologic abnormalities may occur in association with gastrointestinal disease. For example, deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 often accompany and may be the first clue to diseases such as colon cancer, celiac sprue, and chronic gastritis, respectively. A compilation of the hematologic disorders associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas is provided.
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PMID:Hematologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. 330 21

Antibodies against thyroid antigens are commonly found in patients with chronic gastritis type B (20-30%) and pernicious anaemia (50%), two disorders that predispose to gastric cancer. In addition, thyroid disease in increased incidence has been reported in breast and in colon cancer. In order to determine a) the incidence of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) in gastric cancer, b) the thyroid function in patients with ATA and c) the correlation between ATA and the presence of chronic gastritis, we examined the sera of 32 patients with gastric cancer (GC) for the presence of antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies. T3, T4 and TSH values were also measured. The sera of 36 patients with malignant tumours of the GI tract other than stomach (OMT) and of 40 healthy blood donors were used as controls. Three of the 32 GC patients had antithyroglobulin antibodies, 4 had antimicrosomal and one had both types. Of the eight patients with ATA (25%) only two had hypothyroidism and another two histologically diagnosed chronic gastritis. Three sera of the healthy controls and one of the OMT had also antithyroid antibodies. To conclude, a significant number of patients with GC had ATA as compared to controls (p < 0.01) but the presence of ATA did not necessarily indicate an abnormality of thyroid function. The presence of antibodies did not correlate with chronic gastritis type B.
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PMID:Thyroid autoantibodies and thyroid function in patients with gastric cancer. 781 23

Renewal of the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium fulfills the normal functions of maintaining the integrity of the mucosa, repairing mucosal injury, and replenishing the specialized cells of the epithelium. Alterations in epithelial renewal also are intimately involved in transformation of the epithelium to benign and malignant neoplasms. Certain abnormalities in epithelial proliferation, including an increase in the rate of proliferation and expansion of proliferating cells beyond the normal zone of proliferation, are closely linked to the predisposition for and frank development of GI cancer. These abnormalities are common to all human premalignant conditions studied, including Barrett's epithelium, chronic gastritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon polyps; they also occur in experimental carcinogenesis. The same proliferative abnormalities have also been observed in some relatives of patients with colon neoplasms who themselves do not have any colon polyps or cancer. Several agents, including calcium, vitamins A, C, and E, and omega-3 fatty acids, have been shown to reverse the abnormal proliferation under some laboratory and clinical conditions. Moreover, some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to decrease the size of colon polyps in familial polyposis and to reduce the risk for colon cancer in the general population. We await further clinical trials that will indicate whether such ordinary supplements as calcium, vitamins, fish oil, or aspirin have a role in the treatment of patients with premalignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:A review of gastrointestinal epithelial renewal and its relevance to the development of adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. 877 83

Endoscopic biopsies either or both for the stomach and colon looking for chronic gastritis and carcinomata followed by the histopathologic examinations of the mucosa were applied to long term leprosy inpatients and controls. 1) In chronic gastritis, glandular atrophy with cellular infiltration and submucosal fibrosis likewise intestinal metaplasia were predominated in the leprosy patients, in the comparison of the cases consisted of 30 leprosy patients and 16 controls. No characteristic changes for leprosy cases were encountered accordingly, however, as the sequences of the medications. 2) The observations of Helicobacter pylori (HP) by means of immunohistologic method were also applied to gastritic cases. However, the positive rates in the above groups were not much different one another. 3) The cases of gastric carcinoma were 14 during 14 years period, among which 9 showed protruded lesions indicating metaplastic changes as the precancerous lesion. 4) The carcinoma of the colon tended to be left sided in the leprosy patients.
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PMID:[Clinico-pathological findings of gastrointestinal tract in the leprosy patients]. 930 Dec 7

In this review, COX-1 and COX-2 proteins have been shown to be homologous in protein structure and ability to synthesize PG, but they have been also shown to be induced differently. COX-1 mRNA and protein have been shown to be induced slowly in intestinal crypt cells in response to irradiation and suggested to be important for crypt cell survival. Therefore, the cox-1 gene is suggested to be a delayed response gene in some systems. However, in cox-1 gene knockout animals there are no pathological gastric and intestinal findings. Although the precise roles of COX-1 in epithelial proliferation and differentiation in the gastrointestinal tract are not yet known, it apparently acts as a constitutive PG producer, thereby protecting the mucosa. On the other hand, COX-2 mRNA and protein have been shown to be induced rapidly in inflammatory sites of the stomach and colon. Thus, COX-2-derived PG presumably plays a role in the repair process of gastritis, ulcers, and colitis. Furthermore, loss of apc gene function probably induces COX-2 mRNA in gastrointestinal mucosa. Thus, high expression levels of COX-2 may lead to phenotypic changes in both intestinal epithelial cells and colon cancer cells.
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PMID:Roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in gastrointestinal pathophysiology. 977 24

The incidence of gastric, colonic, and rectal cancers was determined in a cohort of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed after heart or renal transplantation, to test the hypothesis that there would be a reduced incidence of gastric cancer by dampening chronic gastritis secondary to infection caused by Helicobacter pylori. Follow-up was from 1-13 years. No change in the incidence of gastric cancer was found (32 cases observed, 32.86 expected). An increase in colon cancer was found (75 cases observed, 62.27 expected). A significant reduction in the incidence of rectal cancer was found (15 cases observed, 41.5 expected). This led to a chi2 of 16.92 with 1 degree of freedom, significant at the 0.1% level. The effect was greater in men than women and more marked in heart recipients than in those receiving renal transplants. This unexpected finding led to a review of experiments in mice and rats that present evidence for immune promotion of large-bowel cancers induced by carcinogens by gut-associated lymphoid tissue. We conclude that an analysis of immune function in gut-associated lymphoid tissue in the stomach, colon, and rectum in healthy and immunosuppressed patients may lead to a better understanding of immunosurveillance in the colon and immune promotion of rectal cancers.
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PMID:Reduced incidence of rectal cancer, compared to gastric and colonic cancer, in a population of 73,076 men and women chronically immunosuppressed. 981 37

Investigate mutation of ras gene family in various stage of gastric cancer in China. PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP and PCR-DNA sequencing were used to detect mutation rates of H-ras, K-ras and N-ras gene. Mutation rates of H-ras at 12 codon in metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia, and progressive gastric cancer is 16.7% (6/36), 31.2% (15/48), 34.7% (25/72), respectively. In groups of superficial gastritis and normal control, no mutation were found. Mutations of H-ras 61 codon and N-ras 12 codon in various groups were the same as normal. Only 2 cases of K-ras 12 codon mutation were detected in gastric cancer by PCR-SSCP, but it was not identified by DNA sequencing. It may be of polymorphism. All H-ras 12 codon mutation were G-->T mutation. There are significant difference between groups of metaplasia, dysplasia, and gastric carcinoma comparing with group of normal control (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). H-ras 12 codon mutation maybe an early event and maybe play important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Although K-ras mutation rate is high in colon cancer and leukemia it seemed to be relationship with gastric cancer. High frequency of H-ras 12 codon mutation maybe the characteristic of gastric cancer and associate with high incidence of gastric cancer in China. Three methods used in this experiment were compared that SSCP method is more sensitive than RFLP and cold SSCP is simpler and likely to be used in clinic.
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PMID:[Detection of ras gene mutation in various stages of gastric cancer by PCR/RFLP SSCP and DNA sequencing]. 1043 68

Abnormality of ras gene family was studied in a total of 206 cases of gastric cancer and precancerous lesions by PCR-RFLP, PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing. The results showed that mutation rate of H-ras 12 codon in metaplasia, atypical hyperplasia, early-stage cancer and advanced cancer was 16.7%, 31.2%, 50.0%, and 32.2%, respectively. In the groups of superficial gastritis and normal controls, no mutation were detected in codon 12 of ras. Mutations of H-ras 61 codon and N-ras 12 codon in various groups were the same as those in normal control. K-ras 12 codon mutation was detected in only 2 cases of gastric cancer by using PCR-SSCP, but it was not detected by DNA sequencing, which may be polymorphism. All H-ras 12 codon mutations were G-->T mutation. There were significant difference between the groups of metaplasia, dysplasia, gastric carcinoma and normal control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). It was concluded that H-ras 12 codon mutation was an early event and may play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis. Although K-ras, N-ras mutation rates are high in colon cancer and leukemia, it seems to bear no relationship with gastric cancer.
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PMID:The role of ras gene mutation in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions. 1080 11

Regardless of the type and dose of beverage involved, alcohol facilitates the development of gastroesophageal reflux disease by reducing the pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal motility. Fermented and nondistilled alcoholic beverages increase gastrin levels and acid secretion. Succinic and maleic acid contained in certain alcoholic drinks also stimulate acid secretion. Low alcohol doses accelerate gastric emptying, whereas high doses delay emptying and slow bowel motility. Alcohol facilitates the development of superficial gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis--though it has not been shown to cause peptic ulcer. Alcoholic beverages, fundamentally wine, have important bactericidal effects upon Helicobacter pylori and enteropathogenic bacteria. The main alcohol-related intestinal alterations are diarrhea and malabsorption, with recovery after restoring a normal diet. Alcohol facilitates the development of oropharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, and colon cancer. Initial research suggests that wine may be comparatively less carcinogenic.
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PMID:The effects of alcohol consumption upon the gastrointestinal tract. 1115 64


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