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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lipotropin (LPH) has been evaluated as a potential tumor marker using a sensitive beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta MSH) radioimmunoassay. All 79 acetic acid extracts of carcinomas of lung, colon, stomach, esophagus and breast contained LPH in concentrations greater than blood; 61 of 79 extracts contained LPH in larger amounts than control tissues from patients without cancer. In a blind prospective study, plasma LPH was quantified in 107 patients admitted for work-up because of an abnormality on a chest roentgenogram. Thirty-one of 33 patients subsequently diagnosed as having benign lesions had plasma LPH within the 95 per cent confidence limits of normal subjects whereas 28 (36 per cent) of the 74 patients subsequently diagnosed histologically as having primary lung carcinoma had elevated levels. In control studies, 13 of 100 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had elevated plasma LPH levels; three of the 13 with elevated levels and four with normal levels have been diagnosed, during the two years of follow-up, as having lung carcinoma. In control studies of 23 patients with granulomatous lung disease, 22 had normal levels of LPH. In those with carcinoma of the colon elevated plasma LPH levels were observed in two of 21 untreated patients and in 11 of 61 patients receiving noncurative chemotherapy. Elevated plasma LPH levels were also observed in 10 of 59 patients with breast cancer, eight of 28 with pancreatic cancer, eight of 22 with gastric or esophageal cancer, six of 16 with renal cancer, four of eight with prostatic cancer, one of seven with cervical cancer and one of six with ovarian cancer. We conclude, an elevated LPH level is frequently observed in blood and tumor tissue from patients with various types of carcinoma.
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PMID:Ectopic production of lipotropin by cancer. 43 67

An X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed on 56 patients with systemic cutaneous disease that is often considered associated with internal malignancies. Found were one case of esophageal cancer, two cases of gastric cancer, and two cases of colon cancer. The prevalence of gastric and colon cancer in these patients showed a statistically significant increase compared to the general population. The rate of gastric cancer was 16.26 times higher than the general population and that of colon cancer 32.26. X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with systemic cutaneous disease is useful for detecting malignancy.
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PMID:[X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract in systemic cutaneous disease]. 141 Sep 41

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex for gastrointestinal cancers, was conducted by the 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group consisting of 16 institutions. 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion. This administration was repeated at 4-week intervals. The cases in which 254-S could be administered at least two times were regarded as complete cases evaluable for tumor response; of 75 cases registered, 53 were complete cases (29 cases with esophageal cancer, 12 with stomach cancer and 12 with colon cancer). As a result, 15 partial responses (PR) were obtained in the 29 patients with esophageal cancer and 1 PR from the 12 patients with stomach cancer, for a 51.7% and 8.3% response rate, respectively. 5 PR (55.6%) were obtained in 9 esophageal cancer patients with prior chemotherapy, including 2 PR in 4 patients previously treated with cisplatin. Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity including thrombocytopenia (59.0%), leukopenia (68.9%) and anemia (57.4%) and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea and vomiting (63.9%) and anorexia (41.0%); since grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed with an incidence of 27.9%, careful monitoring seems to be required during the treatment with this product. Abnormal parameter changes on renal function included elevations of BUN (18.0%) and serum creatinine (9.8%). Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for gastrointestinal cancers. 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group]. 155 98

From 1965 to 1968, 7716 Japanese-American men were examined and tested for serum cholesterol. After 22 years, 1380 incident cancer cases were identified. Of the site-specific cancers, only colon cancer cases had a significantly lower mean serum cholesterol value than that of noncases (213.0 mg/dl vs 219.0 mg/dl). When the study subjects were separated into either a low, middle or high group, based on their serum cholesterol values, there was a significant inverse trend for cases of oral/pharyngeal/esophageal cancer combined. The association was present for cases diagnosed within 10 years of examination (p = 0.012), but not for cases diagnosed after 10 years. This suggests that the inverse association is due to the metabolic effects of undiagnosed oral/pharyngeal/esophageal cancer upon serum cholesterol levels. These results are discussed in relation to other studies on serum cholesterol.
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PMID:Prospective study of serum cholesterol and site-specific cancers. 156 26

The demographic characteristics (sex, age, occupation) of patients with cancers of the esophagus, stomach and colon are reported and the importance of smoking and consumption of alcohol and coffee in development of the disease have been evaluated. The etiologic studies comprised 366 patients (100 with esophageal cancer, 80 with stomach cancer and 186 with colon cancer) and 366 controls. NcNamary test was used in differentiation of the rates of the matched samples. The most significant relationship of smoking and alcohol consumption was found for esophageal cancer (RR = 4.4; RR = 9.0, p 0.0001), somewhat less for stomach cancer (RR = 2.0, p 0.05; RR = 1.5) and least for colon cancer (RR = 0.9, RR = 1.1). Coffee consumption was most frequent in patients with cancer of the esophagus and colon while negative correlation was obtained for stomach cancer.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the association of cancer of the esophagus, stomach and colon with habits of patients]. 159 26

Phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in various human cancer cell lines were studied by immunoblotting with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody. Of 29 cell lines derived from oral epidermoid cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and malignant melanoma, 3 of the 6 gastric cancer cells showed aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation. On the other hand, both esophageal cancer cells and colon cancer cells, which were reported to have amplified epidermal growth factor receptor and activated p60v-src kinase, respectively, showed no apparent elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation, and their profiles of phosphorylation were similar to that of normal human fibroblasts. Two gastric cancer cells, NUGC-4 and MKN-45, showed similar profiles of phosphorylation but their responses to growth factors differed from each other. Tyrosine phosphorylation in NUGC-4 was strongly activated by treatment with epidermal growth factor and quickly reduced by the acid treatment which is effective in removing growth factors from cellular surface receptors. On the contrary, phosphorylation in MKN-45 did not respond to either growth factor or acid treatment. These results suggest that NUGC-4 and MKN-45 have tyrosine kinases which are activated by different mechanisms but share similar substrates.
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PMID:Aberrant elevation of tyrosine-specific phosphorylation in human gastric cancer cells. 177 66

Novel immunotherapeutic strategies for combating colon cancer are also being explored in pancreatic, hepatic, and esophageal cancers. Preliminary clinical trials in patients with pancreatic cancer suggest a therapeutic role for anti-idiotypic antibodies against tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs)--eg, CO17-1A, BW 494/32--but not for MoAbs when used alone. Adding low doses of interferon gamma to CO17-1A enhances in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against pancreatic tumor cells; CO17-1A plus a regimen of 5-FU/doxorubicin/mitomycin has resulted in beneficial therapeutic effect. Treatments with immunotoxins, radiolabeled MoAbs, and adoptive immunotherapy are still being tested preclinically. In 105 patients with unresectable hepatocellular cancer, a 7% complete and 41% partial regression rate with 131I-labeled antiferritin has been reported. In several patients, radiolabeled antiferritin caused sufficient shrinkage of lesions to permit curative resection. Pretreatment with low-dose doxorubicin may improve the efficacy of low-dose radiolabeled antiferritin antibody therapy. Chemoembolization of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, based on the concept of regional therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer, has shown considerable palliative and survival benefit in patients with unresectable disease. Although adoptive immunotherapy has been used to treat hepatocellular carcinoma, the results have been disappointing. The development of immunotherapeutic approaches to esophageal cancer is less advanced than that for other gastrointestinal malignancies. Paralleling the successful use of 5-FU/interferon alfa-2a in colon cancer are two phase II studies that have evaluated this combination in patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. The objective response rate (27%) was encouraging.
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PMID:Implications of current therapeutic approaches in colorectal cancer for other gastrointestinal malignancies. 199 29

The role of nutrients in cancer causation has been a subject of considerable interest, research, and public discussion in recent years. Results from epidemiologic, clinical, and animal studies have suggested that: 1) a reduction in total calories decreases risk for a number of tumor types; 2) dietary protein is directly correlated with liver, prostate, and colon cancer, among others, with increasing dietary protein increasing the risk; 3) increased dietary fat is correlated with increased risk for breast cancer; the evidence for an effect of fat on colon cancer is equivocal in human and animal studies; 4) a deficiency of vitamin A may enhance lung and colon tumors in animal experiments but in human this is equivocal. Increasing vitamin A above normal levels, as an anticarcinogenic effect, has not been satisfactorily demonstrated in animal models. The synthetic retinoid, 13-cis retinoic acid, inhibits both colon and lung cancer in animal models; 5) zinc deficiency is associated with enhanced esophageal cancer in humans and markedly enhances animal tumors; selenium inhibits this form of neoplasia in animals, 6) diets low in lipotropes enhance liver cancer induced by a variety of hepatocarcinogens. Our data from studies in animal models agree in some cases with epidemiological observations, but disagree with others, particularly fat and colon cancer. Overall, some forms of cancer are enhanced by excessive calories, increased dietary protein and fat, and by deficiencies of vitamin A, selenium, zinc, and lipotropes. Decreasing total intake of calories, protein, and fat, and ensuring adequate dietary levels of vitamin A, selenium, zinc, and lipotropes decreases risk for some forms of cancer.
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PMID:The role of nutrients in cancer causation. 243 54

This paper provides an overview of our knowledge on the involvement in cancer of vitamins A, C and E and of calcium, selenium and zinc. This work is a background for studies on dietary magnesium's effects on cancer. Consumption of vitamin A and its dietary precursors has been associated with reduced cancer at several sites in human and animal studies. Carcinogenesis studies using several models of cancer have been conducted on the influence of vitamin A deficiency, vitamin A excess and supplementation of vitamin A analogues. Vitamins C and E are effective in the prevention of N-nitroso compound (nitrosamine) formation. Vitamin C is effective in aqueous and vitamin E is effective in non-aqueous media. Both of these vitamins also have inhibited carcinogenesis by preformed carcinogens at several sites, but enhancement has been observed at some sites when excess vitamin treatment was studied. The potential role of calcium in the prevention of colon cancer is being pursed. Few experimental studies have been conducted but data support an effect of calcium on colonic epithelial proliferation. Epidemiological and especially experimental results suggest an inhibition of cancer by dietary selenium. In animal studies, selenium supplementation has been particularly effective in inhibiting colon and mammary carcinogenesis, but enhanced carcinogenesis was observed in some studies on skin, liver and pancreas cancer. Data suggest that zinc deficiency may be a factor in esophageal cancer; however, studies on tumor growth have demonstrated retarded tumor growth in zinc-deficient animals.
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PMID:Effects of the intake of selected vitamins and minerals on cancer prevention. 266 27

Factors influencing the depression of natural killer (NK) activity and its prevention were studied in 57 esophageal cancer patients. NK activity off peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by a 51Cr-release assay against K-562 target cells. NK activity in esophageal cancer patients was significantly lower than that in healthy individuals and tended to be lower compared with those in stomach and colon cancer patients. The depression of NK activity was significantly correlated with the reduction of serum albumin level, creatinine height index of nutritional assessment. The activity was also suppressed in proportion to the size of cancer and its staging. Both preoperative radiation and surgery markedly depressed NK activity. Postoperative depression recovered to the Preoperative level 4 weeks after operation. These results indicated that malnutrition, cancer bearing and therapeutic stress were associated with the depression of NK activity. As the preventive measures against such depression of NK activity, avoidance of preoperative radiation and better selection for two-stage operation enhanced recovery of the depressed NK activity. Furthermore, the preoperative administration of OK-432, as n immuno-activator, could be effective to minimize a decrease of NK activity related to radiation and surgery, and to accelerate its recovery to the level before treatment.
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PMID:[Factors influencing depression of natural killer activity and its prevention in esophageal cancer patients]. 270 63


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