Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels was performed in inpatients on an unrestricted diet, including patients with colon cancer or polyps and a control group. When hemoglobin levels of 5.1 micrograms/g feces and transferrin levels of 0.4 microgram/g feces were designated as positive, 48 of the 60 fecal specimens from colon cancer patients were positive. This result was significantly superior to that for another fecal occult blood immunological test (FECA-EIA) (p less than 0.005), and similar to the results of two chemical tests (guaiac and Hemoccult). Twenty-eight of the 78 fecal specimens from patients with colonic polyps were positive, again a result superior to the FECA-EIA (p less than 0.005) and similar to the chemical tests. Three of the 99 control fecal specimens were positive, which was a similar result to that obtained with the FECA-EIA and significantly superior to the chemical tests (both p less than 0.005). Thus, combined detection of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels can be used as a fecal occult blood test in patients without dietary restriction.
 ...
PMID:Immunological determination of fecal hemoglobin and transferrin levels: a comparison with other fecal occult blood tests. 172 28

Previous studies have shown that fast homoarginine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase (FHAP) is roughly equivalent to CEA (Roche) as a marker in colon cancer. The present study compares FHAP with CEA-EIA (Abbott) as a marker in cancer of the colon, breast, lung, ovary, uterus, skin, and lymph nodes. Comparison is made with regard to sensitivity, specificity, predictive value of a positive test, and diagnostic efficiency. It was determined that FHAP and CEA-EIA were comparable as markers for cancers of the colon, breast, and lung. FHAP was more sensitive and specific and had a higher predictive value and diagnostic efficiency for cancers of the ovary, uterus, skin, and lymph nodes.
 ...
PMID:A comparison of the predictive value and diagnostic efficiency of FHAP and CEA as cancer markers. 243 42

Serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined by both the Roche RIA and Abbott EIA methods in 11 patients with pancreatic cancer (9 with extrahepatic biliary obstruction); 7 with benign extrahepatic obstruction; 26 with colonic cancer without biliary obstruction; and 12 normal, non-smoking controls. The Roche/Abbott CEA ratios in the patients with malignant and benign obstruction (mean ratios = 3.05 and 3.08, respectively), were significantly higher than those in patients with colon cancer without biliary obstruction and in normal controls (mean ratios = 1.35 and 1.06, respectively). Four patients with malignant obstructions were decompressed successfully (bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL); the ratios for two of these patients declined to "normal" (1.0), while the ratios for the other two remained elevated despite decompression. These findings show that some patients with benign or malignant biliary obstruction have elevated CEA levels when measured by the Roche RIA but not with the Abbott EIA.
 ...
PMID:Differences in CEA values determined by EIA and RIA in patients with benign and malignant biliary obstructions. 388 94

The original CA 125 serum tumor marker test is a homologous double-determinant (OC 125 monoclonal antibody based) assay for the quantification of tumor associated mucin-like CA 125 molecules present in the serum. Commercial kits, now supplied by various manufacturers (and in different versions, e.g. IRMA, EIA, etc.) are currently widely applied in the following clinical situations: (i) Monitoring of disease. Doubling or halving of CA 125 serum values correlated (in 87% of all cases) with tumor progression or regression, respectively. (ii) Early prediction of outcome. Deviation from the ideal CA 125 regression curve predicts poor outcome within 3 months of cytostatic treatment. (iii) Tumor status after completion of therapy. Patients with CA 125 > 35 U/ml have (in 95% of all cases) still tumor present (at second look surgery). However, patients with CA 125 < 35 U/ml have in 50% (mostly minimal) residual disease. (iv) Early detection of recurrence. After a complete remission, a rise in CA 125 precedes tumor recurrence in 75% of all patients, with lead times up to more then 1 year, surpassing the CT-scan in cheapness and accuracy. (v) Diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Only when used in combination with other markers, do CA 125 determinations have a value as a diagnostic adjunct in the discrimination of ovarian cancer patients from those with benign ovarian tumors and from those with advanced colon cancer. Today, optimal management of ovarian cancer patients can only be provided using the CA 125 serum test.
 ...
PMID:CA 125 in gynecological pathology--a review. 836 5

Analysis of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) or their mRNA are now being applied before-the start of chemotherapy to predict the therapeutic efficacy. Although these key enzymes were reported to be basically independent, we found the differences in TS between cancer and adjacent mucosa was reversely correlated with the difference in DPD. We found a significant relationship between TP and DPD in 52 patients with colon cancer. TP and DPD were measured by EIA. Statistical analysis was made non-parametrically using Statview 5.0. TP was significantly higher in cancer (78 +/- 58 U/mg protein) than in the adjacent mucosa (43 +/- 24 U/mg protein). Conversely, DPD was significantly lower in cancer(43 +/- 32 U/mg protein) than in the adjacent mucosa (55 +/- 18 U/mg protein). The amount of TP and DPD in cancer were not correlated with the clinicopathological parameters. TP was significantly (r = 0.70) correlated with DPD in cancer but not in adjacent mucosa. The difference in TP between cancer and adjacent mucosa was significantly (r = 0.69) correlated with the difference in DPD as well. In the colon cancer with low TP, DPD in cancer is lower than in the adjacent mucosa, however, the more TP in cancer increased, the higher the DPD in cancer increased over that in the adjacent mucosa. Modulation of DPD as well as TP may be necessary when high levels of TP or DPD are measured in the cancer tissue. The understanding of the basic relationship among these key enzymes will improve the 5-FU-based chemotherapeutic prediction.
 ...
PMID:[Thymidine phosphorylase is correlated with DPD in colon cancer]. 1272 80

According to the conflicting growth signal model, cells that are driven to proliferate by certain oncogenes undergo apoptosis but not growth arrest upon withdrawal of growth factors. However, we found that the majority of human cancer cell lines continued to proliferate and did not undergo apoptosis following serum withdrawal. As an exeption, wild-type (wt) p53-expressing HCT116 human colon cancer cells underwent apoptosis within 24-36 h of serum deprivation. p53 degradation in human papilloma virus EG-expressing HCT116 cells led to enhanced survival that was not due to growth arrest. These results are consistent with a role for p53 in starvation-induced death in HCT116 cells. However, other cell lines did not undergo apoptosis despite their expression of wt p53. Thus, H460 cells (wt p53) were resistant to starvation-induced death but introduction of the adenovirus EIA oncoprotein induced p53 and also increased sensitivity to serum withdrawal. p53 was not stabilized by E1A and resistance to starvation-induced cell death was observed in E6-expressing H460 cells. These results suggest that although p53 contributes to starvation-induced apoptosis in sensitive (HCT116 and E1A-expressing H460) cancer cell lines, most cancer cells survived despite the presence of wt p53. We conclude that naturally selected human cancer cell lines suppress apoptosis due to conflicting growth signals.
 ...
PMID:Wild-type p53 is not sufficient for serum starvation-induced apoptosis in cancer cells but accelerates apoptosis in sensitive cells. 2152 17