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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several studies indicated that people who live in the Mediterranean region have very low rates of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. It is well known that Mediterranean-style diet is rich in vegetables, tomato, fruit, fish and olive oil. These important dietary components may contribute to lower risk of cancer. Lycopene, a major component in tomato, exhibited potential anticarcinogenic activity. Previous studies showed that consumption of fish containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) correlated with reduced risk of cancer. However, the combined effects of lycopene and EPA on the proliferation of human colon cancer have not been studied well yet. Thus, we investigated the anticancer properties and therapeutic potential of lycopene and EPA in human colon cancer HT-29 cells. In this study, we determined the combined effects of lycopene and EPA on the proliferation of human colon cancer HT-29 cells. We demonstrated that low concentration of lycopene and EPA could synergistically inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cells. The inhibitory mechanism was associated with suppression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment of lycopene and EPA also synergistically blocked the activation of downstream mTOR molecule. Immunocytochemical staining results revealed that lycopene and EPA could also up-regulate the expression of apoptotic proteins such as Bax and Fas ligand to suppress cell survival. In conclusion, our novel findings suggest that lycopene and EPA synergistically inhibited the growth of human colon cancer HT-29 cells even at low concentration. The inhibitory effects of lycopene and EPA on cell proliferation of human colon cancer HT-29 cells were, in part, associated with the down-regulation of the PI-3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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PMID:Concomitant supplementation of lycopene and eicosapentaenoic acid inhibits the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. 1870 85

Apples ( MALUS sp., Rosaceae) are a rich source of nutrient as well as non-nutrient components and contain high levels of polyphenols and other phytochemicals. Main structural classes of apple constituents include hydroxycinnamic acids, dihydrochalcones, flavonols (quercetin glycosides), catechins and oligomeric procyanidins, as well as triterpenoids in apple peel and anthocyanins in red apples. Several lines of evidence suggest that apples and apple products possess a wide range of biological activities which may contribute to health beneficial effects against cardiovascular disease, asthma and pulmonary dysfunction, diabetes, obesity, and cancer (reviewed by Boyer and Liu, Nutr J 2004). The present review will summarize the current knowledge on potential cancer preventive effects of apples, apple juice and apple extracts (jointly designated as apple products). In brief, apple extracts and components, especially oligomeric procyanidins, have been shown to influence multiple mechanisms relevant for cancer prevention in IN VITRO studies. These include antimutagenic activity, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, modulation of signal transduction pathways, antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity, as well as novel mechanisms on epigenetic events and innate immunity. Apple products have been shown to prevent skin, mammary and colon carcinogenesis in animal models. Epidemiological observations indicate that regular consumption of one or more apples a day may reduce the risk for lung and colon cancer.
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PMID:Cancer chemopreventive potential of apples, apple juice, and apple components. 1885 7

Chronic noncommunicable diseases (CNCDs), which include cardiovascular disease, some cancers, for example, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, are reaching epidemic proportions worldwide. It has now become clear that low-grade chronic inflammation is a key player in the pathogenesis of most CNCDs. Given that regular exercise offers protection against all causes of mortality, primarily by protection against atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, we suggest that exercise may exert some of its beneficial health effects by inducing anti-inflammatory actions. Recently, IL-6 was introduced as the first myokine, defined as a cytokine, which is produced and released by contracting skeletal muscle fibres, exerting its effects in other organs of the body. We suggest that skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ and that myokines may be involved in mediating the beneficial effects against CNCDs associated with low-grade inflammation.
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PMID:Exercise as a mean to control low-grade systemic inflammation. 1914 95

The existing epidemiologic literature was comprehensively reviewed to retrieve all epidemiologic studies (case control and cohort studies) that examined exposure to traditional over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OTC NSAIDs) and the risk of cancers of the colon, breast, prostate and lung from 1980 forward. These malignancies account for more that half of all cancer deaths in the United States and the United Kingdom. Estimates of effects (relative risks or odds ratios) and 95% confidence intervals were abstracted from these reports for meta-analysis. Regular intake of OTC NSAIDs produced highly significant composite risk reductions of 43% for colon cancer, 25% for breast cancer, 28% for lung cancer, and 27% for prostate cancer. Furthermore, in a series of case control studies, daily use of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, either celecoxib or rofecoxib, significantly reduced the risk for each of these malignancies. The evidence is compelling that anti-inflammatory agents with selective or non-selective activity against cycloooxygenase- 2 (COX-2) have strong potential for the chemoprevention of cancers of the colon, breast, prostate and lung. Results confirming that COX-2 blockade is effective for cancer prevention have been tempered by observations that some selective COX-2 inhibitors pose a risk to the cardiovascular system. Nevertheless, meta-analysis of independent estimates from 72 studies provides no evidence that the selective COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, influences the relative risk of cardiovascular disease (composite relative risk = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.88-1.10). Molecular studies reveal that over-expression of COX-2 is a prominent feature of premalignant and malignant neoplasms. Evidence is accumulating that carcinogenesis often evolves as a progressive series of highly specific cellular and molecular changes in response to induction of constitutive over-expression of COX-2 and the prostaglandin cascade in the "inflammogenesis of cancer".
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PMID:Cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) blockade in the chemoprevention of cancers of the colon, breast, prostate, and lung. 1934 Apr 9

The impact of metabolic factors, which are major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, on total cancer risk has not been clarified. We prospectively examined whether metabolic factors and their aggregates predict the subsequent occurrence of total and major sites of cancer in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. A total of 27 724 participants (9548 men and 18 176 women) aged 40-69 years participating in a questionnaire and health checkup survey in 1993-1995 were followed for total cancer incidence through 2004. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for metabolic factors and for two criteria of their aggregates (three or more than three factors and two or more than two additional factors in addition to being overweight) with a Cox proportional hazards model to control for potential confounding factors. In both sexes, the presence of metabolic factors in the aggregate did not predict subsequent occurrence of cancer as a whole. By site, a significant increase in risk was observed for male liver cancer [HR = 1.73, CI = 1.03-2.91 (three or more than three factors); HR = 1.99, CI = 1.11-3.58 (two or more than two additional factors in addition to being overweight)], and female pancreatic cancer [HR = 1.99, CI = 1.00-3.96 (two or more than two additional factors in addition to being overweight)]. For other sites, positive associations were observed only for specific metabolic factors, that is, high triglycerides and male colon cancer (HR = 1.71, CI = 1.11-2.62), and obesity and female breast cancer (HR = 1.75, CI = 1.21-2.55). Metabolic factors in the aggregate may have little impact on total cancer risk in the Japanese population, although the association between specific components and specific cancers suggests an etiologic link between them.
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PMID:Impact of metabolic factors on subsequent cancer risk: results from a large-scale population-based cohort study in Japan. 1949 12

Subjects that do physical exercise regularly have a reduced risk of developing diabetes, obesity, hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and stroke, colon cancer, depression and complications related to these morbid events. Here we present a series of articles on specific topics linked with diabetes focusing on physical exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness, their role in fuel metabolism and insulin resistance and the relationship with health care and the quality of life of diabetic patients.
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PMID:Physical exercise, public health and quality of life in diabetes. 1966 14

Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Walnuts contain several phenolic compounds which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. The present study reports the total phenolic contents and antioxidant properties of methanolic and petroleum ether extracts obtained from walnut (Juglans regia L.) seed, green husk and leaf. The total phenolic contents were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activities assessed by the ability to quench the stable free radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and to inhibit the 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative hemolysis of human erythrocytes. Methanolic seed extract presented the highest total phenolic content (116 mg GAE/g of extract) and DPPH scavenging activity (EC(50) of 0.143 mg/mL), followed by leaf and green husk. In petroleum ether extracts, antioxidant action was much lower or absent. Under the oxidative action of AAPH, all methanolic extracts significantly protected the erythrocyte membrane from hemolysis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, although leaf extract inhibitory efficiency was much stronger (IC(50) of 0.060 mg/mL) than that observed for green husks and seeds (IC(50) of 0.127 and 0.121 mg/mL, respectively). Walnut methanolic extracts were also assayed for their antiproliferative effectiveness using human renal cancer cell lines A-498 and 769-P and the colon cancer cell line Caco-2. All extracts showed concentration-dependent growth inhibition toward human kidney and colon cancer cells. Concerning A-498 renal cancer cells, all extracts exhibited similar growth inhibition activity (IC(50) values between 0.226 and 0.291 mg/mL), while for both 769-P renal and Caco-2 colon cancer cells, walnut leaf extract showed a higher antiproliferative efficiency (IC(50) values of 0.352 and 0.229 mg/mL, respectively) than green husk or seed extracts. The results obtained herein strongly indicate that walnut tree constitute an excellent source of effective natural antioxidants and chemopreventive agents.
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PMID:Human cancer cell antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of Juglans regia L. 1988 17

Troglitazone (TGZ) is a synthetic thiazolidinedione drug belonging to a group of potent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) agonists known to inhibit proliferation, alter cell cycle regulation, and induce apoptosis in various cancer cell types. TGZ is an oral anti-type II diabetes drug that can reverse insulin resistance. For more then 100 yr, aspirin, a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, has been successfully used as an anti-inflammatory drug. Recently, Aspirin (ASA) and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have drawn much attention for their protective effects against colon cancer and cardiovascular disease; it has been observed that ASA's anti-tumor effect can be attributed to inhibition of cell cycle progression, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of angiogenesis. In this report we demonstrate for the first time that, when administered in combination, TGZ and ASA can produce a strong synergistic effect in growth inhibition and G(1) arrest in lung cancer CL1-0 and A549 cells. Examination by colony formation assay revealed an even more profound synergy. In Western blot, combined TGZ and ASA also could downregulate Cdk2, E2F-1, cyclin B1, cyclin D3 protein, and the ratio of phospho-Rb/Rb. Importantly, apoptosis was synergistically induced by the combination treatment, as evidenced by caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. The involvement of PI3K/Akt inhibition and p27 upregulation, as well as hypophosphorylation of Rac1 at ser71, were demonstrated. Taken together, these results suggest that clinically achievable concentrations of TGZ and ASA used in combination may produce a strong anticancer synergy that warrants further investigation for its clinical applications.
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PMID:The synergistic anticancer effect of troglitazone combined with aspirin causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung cancer cells. 1990 41

Participation in regular physical activity provides numerous health benefits, including reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among women, regular physical activity also may reduce the risks for breast cancer and osteoporosis ((1)). The Healthy People 2010 goals for the United States are to increase the quality and years of healthy life and to eliminate health disparities among residents. Important components in reaching the broad goal are reducing the proportion of adults who engage in no leisure-time physical activity to 20% and increasing the proportion of adults who engage in at least 30 minutes per day of regular, moderate physical activity ((2)).
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PMID:Physical activity patterns in women. 2008 93

Trivalent arsenic [As(III)] is currently approved by the FDA for the treatment of chronic and acute leukemias. However, As(III) has also demonstrated damaging effects on human health, including development of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Further, As(III) is a potent angiogenic agent. In this context, curcumin, an active ingredient in the dietary agent turmeric, has demonstrated potent antiproliferative, antiinflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. In this report, we have shown that both curcumin and turmeric inhibit expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells exposed to As(III). Further, in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay model, treatment with low As(III) concentrations results in extensive increase in blood vessel density, which, however, is reduced in the presence of curcumin or turmeric. Collectively, the findings reported here strongly suggest that turmeric and curcumin can dramatically attenuate the process of angiogenesis induced by low As(III) concentrations.
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PMID:Curcumin and turmeric attenuate arsenic-induced angiogenesis in ovo. 2023 14


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