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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The relationships of occupational activity level, drinking habits and family history of cancer to the risk of male colorectal cancer by subsites were investigated in a case-control study involving 1,716 cases with colon cancer, 1,611 cases with rectal cancer and 16,600 controls with other sites of cancer identified from the Aichi Cancer Registry, Japan 1979-1987. An occupation with a low activity level was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer; the age-adjusted relative risk (RR) compared to the high activity level group was 1.92 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-2.67) for proximal colon cancer, 1.52 (95% CI: 1.19-1.94) for distal colon cancer and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.17-1.62) for rectal cancer. Beer drinkers showed an increased risk of colorectal cancer; the age-adjusted RR was 1.49 (95% CI: 1.13-1.95) for proximal colon cancer, 1.65 (95% CI: 1.34-2.04) for distal colon cancer and 1.88 (95% CI: 1.62-2.18) for rectal cancer. The RR for family history of colorectal cancer was 3.40 (95% CI: 2.19-5.29) for proximal colon cancer, 2.54 (95% CI: 1.73-3.75) for distal colon cancer and 1.78 (95% CI: 1.28-2.49) for rectal cancer. Multivariate analysis controlled for age, residence, marital status and smoking in addition to occupational activity level, beer drinking and family history of colorectal cancer did not materially change the RRs. When these three variables were combined, the RR was 15.72 (95% CI: 5.40-45.78) for proximal colon cancer, 10.55 (95% CI: 4.24-26.27) for distal colon cancer and 6.69 (95% CI: 3.12-14.36) for rectal cancer.
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PMID:A case-control study of male colorectal cancer in Aichi Prefecture, Japan: with special reference to occupational activity level, drinking habits and family history. 211 Jan 27

A population-based case-referent study on diet (total energy, protein, fat, dietary fiber), body mass and colorectal cancer was performed in Stockholm in 1986-1988. The study included 1,081 subjects. The relative risks (RR, with a 95% confidence interval, highest versus lowest quintile) for colon cancer were as follows: total energy (1.7, 1.0-3.0), protein (2.4, 1.5-4.0), total fat (2.2, 1.3-3.6), dietary fiber for men (0.5, 0.2-1.1), dietary fiber for women (1.2, 0.7-2.3) and body mass (2.0, 1.3-3.1). The relative risks for rectal cancer were: total energy (2.4, 1.2-4.7), protein (3.6, 2.0-6.4), total fat (2.5, 1.4-4.6), dietary fiber (0.5, 0.3-0.9), body mass for men (1.7, 0.7-4.0), and body mass for women (1.0, 0.5-1.9). Adjustment for physical activity, body mass (in the diet analysis), the above-mentioned dietary factors (in the body mass analysis), and browned meat surface had little or no influence on the results.
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PMID:Diet, body mass and colorectal cancer: a case-referent study in Stockholm. 217 71

Adjuvant treatment is based on the concept that surgery is only potentially curative and that apparently localized disease has extended beyond surgical resection or is already disseminated. Although death might be related to local recurrence as well as to disease dissemination, most of the trials have tested only one adjuvant modality. Among many negative and non-contributory studies, very few positive results were obtained: in rectal cancer it seems that pre-operative and perhaps postoperative radiotherapy may reduce the incidence of local recurrences, and in colon cancer patients treated with Methyl-CCNU, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had a significant increase in survival. In colon cancer, the lack of active drug might at least partly explain negative studies, but in gastric cancer the most active combination in advanced disease has failed to demonstrate an improvement of survival in the adjuvant setting. Future trials should take account of this succession of negative trials.
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PMID:The future of adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. 218 51

CT pictures from 59 lesions of advanced colon cancer including rectal cancer were reviewed to evaluate a role of CT in preoperative staging diagnosis. CT findings were recorded following general rules for clinical and pathological studies on cancer of colon, rectum and anus, proposed by Japanese Society for Cancer of Colon and Rectum. 1) Tumors were detected in 90% of advanced colon cancers. 2) Sensitivity in local extension (S factor) was 58.0%. 3) Sensitivity in lymph node involvement (N factor) was 50.0%. 4) Sensitivity in final staging diagnosis, dividing colon cancer into two groups below st II and above st III, was 63.3%. 5) Further study should be necessitated to provide useful information for preoperative staging diagnosis of colon cancer.
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PMID:[CT in colon cancer]. 221 18

Five-year survival data were obtained in 97 percent or 1105 of 1140 new patients with histologically confirmed colorectal adenocarcinoma during a 12-month period in 1981 and 1982, as part of a large comprehensive population-based study of colorectal cancer incidence, etiology, and survival, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Fifteen percent of patients were Dukes' A stage, 32 percent were Dukes' B, 25 percent were Dukes' C, and 29 percent were Dukes' D. At five years after diagnosis, the observed survival rate was 36 percent and the adjusted rate was 42 percent. Dukes' staging was a highly discriminating factor in survival (P less than 0.001). Survival rates were better in women than in men and better for patients with colon cancer than for patients with rectal cancer. Survival by Dukes' staging was not affected by colon subsite or by the tumor being the first and single tumor, metachronous tumor, or synchronous tumor. The survival of younger patients was better for Dukes' stages A, B, and C, and worse for Dukes' D. Survival was worse in the presence of bowel perforation in Dukes' C and D stages. Within Dukes' D (incurable cases), survival was best in the absence of hepatic metastases, slightly worse when only hepatic metastases were present, and poorest in the presence of both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases. Statistical modeling of survival determinants other than staging indicated that cell differentiation had the largest effect (survival decreasing with poor cell differentiation), followed by site (survival worse for rectal cancer than colon cancer), then age (survival better for younger patients), while bowel perforation had the smallest effect on survival.
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PMID:Survival in patients with large-bowel cancer. A population-based investigation from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. 222 81

The alcohol intake of a cohort of Japanese men in Hawaii is directly and significantly related to the risk of developing rectal cancer, whether assessed on the basis of amount consumed or as a percent of total calories. Wine and whiskey are directly related to rectal cancer, but beer is the only alcoholic beverage that displays a statistically significant dose-response (P = 0.008). Colon cancer risk also is related directly to alcohol intake, but the association is statistically significant only when measured as a percent of energy intake. This suggests that alcohol might displace cancer inhibitors from the diet. Calcium, vitamin C, and dietary fiber are inversely related to colon cancer risk in this cohort, and each of these micronutrients displays statistically significant negative correlation with alcohol intake. A possible positive association between alcohol and lung cancer was ruled out after adjusting for cigarette smoking. Cancers of the prostate and stomach were unrelated to alcohol intake, but the risk of acquiring cancer at all other sites combined was strongly related to alcohol intake.
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PMID:Prospective study of alcohol intake and large bowel cancer. 222 3

We have studied both the distribution and incidence of colorectal cancer using The Connecticut Tumor Registry, the oldest tumor registry in the United States. During the time period 1973 to 1985, left-sided colon cancers accounted for 63% of the cancers, right-sided cancers 33%, and cancers with unspecified sites 4%. Indeed, this pattern of distribution has remained constant for 25 years. For the period 1935 to 1985, we calculated the sex-specific, age-adjusted (normalized to the 1970 U.S. Census) incidence. Age-adjusted incidence of rectal cancer has remained stable for 50 years: for men, 22.8 cases/100,000/year, and for women, 13.9 cases/100,000/year. During these 50 years, the age-adjusted incidence of cecal carcinoma for men has increased from 3.6 to 16.7 cases/100,000/year, while for women, it has increased from 4.9 to 14.2 cases/100,000/year. Sigmoid carcinoma for men has increased from 8.8 to 18.7 cases/100,000/year, and for women, it has increased from 7.7 to 12.8 cases/100,000/year. The incidence of colon cancer at each site has been and continues to be increasing at a constant rate. Age-adjusted incidence for all colorectal cancers has increased from 35.2 to 70.2 cases/100,000/year for men and from 32.1 to 49.2 cases/100,000/year for women. Thus, distribution of colorectal cancers by site in Connecticut has remained stable for 25 years. More importantly, however, the age-adjusted incidence of colon cancer has continued to increase for 50 years, whereas that of rectal cancer has remained relatively stable.
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PMID:Increasing incidence of cecal and sigmoid carcinoma. Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. 224 3

This study presents the main epidemiologic features of general, site and age-specific, and premature mortality due to digestive cancer in Barcelona residents in the 1983-87 period, selecting death certificates where digestive cancer was coded as the primary cause of death (codes 150 to 159 of the ICD-9). Eight percent (6,269) of all deaths were due to malignant neoplasms of the digestive system, representing 30.3% of all deaths due to neoplasms. The main contribution was due to gastric cancer (18.8 cases per 100,000) and colon cancer (17.2 per 100,000), followed by rectal cancer (8.8 per 100,000) and pancreatic cancer (8.7 per 100,000). The annual increase in colon cancer among women--where it is the main digestive cancer site was statistically significant. Premature deaths due to digestive cancer yielded 3.5 years of potential life lost per 1,000 people (21.8% of all premature cancer deaths). In men, most cases of these premature deaths were due to gastric cancer (24.3%), while in women premature deaths were more often due to colon cancer (25.3%). Excess mortality due to esophagus, stomach and liver cancer was observed in Ciutat Vella, the most socioeconomically deprived district in Barcelona.
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PMID:[Digestive cancer mortality in a Mediterranean urban area (Barcelona, 1983-1987)]. 227 35

A population-based case-control study was conducted between July 1984 and February 1988 in the Spanish island of Majorca; 286 incident colorectal cancer cases, 295 population controls and 203 hospital controls were interviewed using a food frequency questionnaire. In a multivariate analysis, an increased risk of colon cancer was found for high consumption of fresh meats (RR = 2.87) while a high consumption of cruciferous vegetables afforded protection (RR = 0.48). For rectal cancer an increased risk was associated with dairy products (RR = 3.08) while a protection was afforded by consumption of cruciferae (RR = 0.50). For colorectal cancer, the cereal food group also showed an increase in risk (RR = 1.92). When cases were compared to hospital controls, the effects of cruciferae in colon and rectum and those of dairy products in rectal cancer remained. The magnitude of the RR estimates was decreased for most comparisons, although in general terms the direction of the associations was the same. In addition, univariate analyses of food groups also suggested significant increases in risk of colorectal cancer for increasing consumption of cereals, potatoes, pastry, eggs and number of meals per day. An indication was found of a reduction in risk for consumers of coffee. An analysis based on risk scores was also conducted and a 4-fold increase in the risk of colorectal cancer and a highly significant statistical trend was found for high consumption of fresh meat, dairy products and cereals combined with low consumption of cruciferae.
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PMID:A population-based case-control study of colorectal cancer in Majorca. I. Dietary factors. 229 6

The associations between colorectal cancer and body weight (expressed as body mass index) and between colorectal cancer and physical activity were examined in 715 histologically confirmed cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma and 727 age- and sex-matched controls. The data were obtained from a large, population-based study, The Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study, which was conducted in Melbourne, Australia. There was a statistically significant increase in the risk of rectal cancer but not of colon cancer in overweight and obese males but not in females. This association for males remained statistically significant after adjustment was made for dietary risk factors previously established for this study (Nutr Cancer 9, 21-42, 1987), with the exception of sodium intake, which produced a downward modification of the relative risk close to unity. The increased risk of rectal cancer in overweight and obese males was modified by beer intake, which was previously found to be a risk for rectal cancer in males in this study. Various levels of physical activity were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of colorectal cancer in either males or females. Also, the colorectal cancer risks associated with the body mass index were not significantly altered by adjustment for the physical activity level.
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PMID:Body weight and physical activity as predictors of colorectal cancer risk. 230 Apr 99


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