Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the cytoplasm of well-spread cultured normal fibroblasts, actin is organized into a network of cables that run the length of the cell just inside the adherent cell membrane. A diffuse matrix replaces the cables in fibroblasts that have become tumorigenic as a result of oncogenic transformation. We have found a similar disruption in actin organization in cultured skin fibroblasts (passage 6-10) obtained by biopsy from patients with the inherited colonic cancer, adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR). Because ACR is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, about half the children of ACR patients will develop colon cancer, but they typically remain asymptomatic until at least the second decade of life. Actin distribution within cultured cells from children of ACR patients was identical either to that seen in cultured cells from normal persons or to that seen in cultured cells from ACR patients. The two different patterns were independent of age, sex, drug treatment, or infections of the donors. Apparently, this class of colonic carcinoma is accompanied by a systemic aberration in the organization of fibroblast cytoplasm, and this aberration can be detected by immunofluorescent localization of actin within cultured skin fibroblasts, prior to manifestation of any colonic symptoms.
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PMID:Defective organization of actin in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with inherited adenocarcinoma. 1 40

Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 53 patients with carcinoma of the ovary, 16 patients with other malignant genital tumors, and 31 women with nonmalignant diseases of the genital tract. The serum CEA concentration was elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in 11 patients with ovarian cancer, 2 patients with endometrial cancer, 1 patient with carcinoma of the cervix, and 1 patient with a benign embryonal cystic teratoma. Elevated CEA levels were found only in patients with advanced malignant disease, while early stages were associated with normal CEA concentrations. AFP levels were normal in all but 1 patient. Both CEA and AFP levels were markedly raised in a case of advanced genital carcinoma arising probably from the ovary. Ascitic fluid of another patient with ovarian cancer contained a high concentration of CEA, giving an identical reaction in immunodiffusion with CEA from colon cancer. The present results indicate that while the increased expression of carcinofetal components takes place in some malignant tumors of the female genital tract, it is usually a late phenomenon.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoprotein in malignant tumors of the female genital tract. 4 62

The ability of dietary fibre to prevent colon cancer was tested in rats injected with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (D.M.H.), a substance which induces cancer of the colon. 60 rats were fed the same formula solid diet but allocated three different amounts of dietary fibre--20 were given 4.8% w/w crude fibre, 20 were given 20% w/w bran, and 20 received no fibre. Half of the animals in each fibre group received a course of subcutaneous D.M.H. and half were given subcutaneous saline. After a year's observation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of, or mortality from, colonic carcinoma between the D.M.H.-treated groups.
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PMID:Failure of bran to protect against experimental colon cancer in rats. 8 82

In summary, of the 460 patients of primary carcinoma of the liver admitted to the University Surgical Unit at the Queen Mary Hospital over a period of 12 years, more than 40% could not be treated, and only 91 of the patients were candidates for curative resection. The cure rate is very small; a 1- to 2-year survival was obtained in 46% of 15 resections. From 1964 to 1969, out of 22 patients with resections, 3 are still alive more than 5 year after the operation. Lin30 reported a 19.1% 5-year survival. When the hepatoma has ruptured and bleeding takes place, surgical treatment is obligatory to control the hemorrhage. Ninety-eight patients underwent a clinical trial of 5 categories: hepatic dearterialization, hepatic arterial cannulation and infusion of 5-FU, hepatic arterial ligation and portal venous infusion of 5-FU, radiotherapy and no treatment. The results show that the advantage of each form of treatment when compared with no treatment is marginal. Thus a gloomy picture of primary hepatoma is held. Since the operative mortality of hepatic resection for a solitary secondary carcinoma of the liver is negligible, it should be done in each instance because a long-term survival may be possible. This is especially true with primary carcinoma of the colon.
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PMID:Techniques and therapies for primary and metastatic liver cancer. 8 19

The authors report four new cases of primary digestive carcinoma other than hepatoma with alpha 1 feto-protein in the serum (greater than 200 ng/ml). Two were carcinoma of the colon without liver metastases. The remaining two were also colonic carcinoma but with liver metastases. In the first cases, alpha 1 feto-protein disappear after surgical procedure. In spite of the rareness of primary digestive carcinoma with presence of alpha 1 feto-protein noted until now, these cases require reconsideration of the idea that AFP is specific for hepatoma.
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PMID:[Serum alpha 1-fetoprotein and extrahepatic digestive cancers. Apropos of 4 further cases]. 8 30

In patients with various stages of carcinoma of the colon-rectum (n = 42) or stomach (n = 15) the plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin was determined. The upper limit for normal was evaluated in a control group of healthy people (n = 36) and was found to be 2.4 mg/l. 36% of the patients with carcinoma of the colon-rectum and 27% of those with carcinoma of the stomach had higher than normal beta 2-microglobulin values. In the group of colon carcinoma patients there was a positive correlation between the extent of the tumor and the beta 2-microglobulin concentration. Thus, an appreciable frequency of increased values (greater than 50%) was found only in advanced stage carcinoma. In patients with carcinoma of the stomach only occasionally increased values were observed, independent of the stage of the tumor. In conclusion, the plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin is no adjunct in the early diagnosis of carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract.
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PMID:[The plasma concentration of beta 2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. 9 49

1000 patients of a proctological practice were all investigated by coloscopy and parallel to this by comparison of the two tests for occult blood in the stool (Haemoccult and hemo FEC). 5,6% were positive by the Haemoccult test, 5,2% to hemo FEC. There was no significant difference between the two systems. In the entire study 13 carcinomata and 39 benign polyps of 5 mm diameter and more were found, 8 patients with carcinoma had a positive hemo FEC test, 7 had a positive Haemoccult test, i.e. 38% of carcinoma patients were not detected by the hemo FEC test and 46% in the Haemoccult test. Even in patients with somewhat larger polyps, the test for occult blood in the stool was negative in 56%. It is pointed out with reference to two separate patients that in individual cases of even advanced carcinoma of the large intestine no blood can be detected in the stool.
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PMID:[A controlled study on the significance of occult blood test in the stool (author's transl)]. 11 39

Palmar and plantar keratoses developed in seven patients many years after ingeston of trivalent inorganic arsenic. Six had basal cell carcinoma (superficial multicentric type in five), carcinoma "in situ" or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Two had systemic carcinoma--one, bilateral breast adenocarcinoma and one, carcinoma of the colon. From these observations and from the findings of a review of the literature, there seems no question that long-term arsenic ingestion can cause palmar and plantar keratoses and skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma of the superficial multicentric type, usually on the torso. It is suspected but not proved to cause other cancers. Although over the last 50 years general exposure to arsenic has greatly decreased, particularly that from insecticides, this element is still found occasionally in drinking water (naturally or as a smelter byproduct), in certain foods and in cigarette smoke.
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PMID:Arsenic and cancer. 12 22

The influence of cholecystectomy on the development of carcinoma of the colon is investigated. The experimental results show a significantly increased rate of carcinoma of the colon induced by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazin (DMH) in the mouse after cholecystectomy. After 10 weekly injections of 15 mg/kg DMH, 70% of the animals with cholecystectomy developed carcinoma. Only 16% of the mice with similar treatment but without cholecystectomy had carcinoma. The cocarcinogenic effect of cholecystectomy is assumed to be due to the increased production of secondary bile salts by the colonic bacteria and the lacking of the resorptive function of the gallbladder for some carcinogenic substances passing through the liver. The background of this experimental studies are the clinical findings that 10% of patients with carcinoma of the large bowel had previous cholecystectomy.
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PMID:Cholecystectomy and carcinoma of the colon. An experimental study. 14 May 39

Until now, carcinoma of the large intestine resected previously for benign disease has not been published. However an increasing number of patients resected for Crohn's disease, diverticulitis or trauma may reach nowadays a high lifespan. On the other hand, it is known that the gastroenteral anastomosis is predisposed to cancer development. In this study, the question of whether the large intestine following colotomy or ileotransversostomy is sensitive to carcinogenesis is examined. Male Wistar rats, subjected to colotomy or resection and ileotransversostomy, were treated weekly by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (12 mg/kg body weight) for seven weeks. The animals were killed 54 weeks after the first injection. At autopsy, 21 out of 29 operated rats had developed adenocarcinomas of the remaining colon. Intact control animals had the same incidence of malignant degeneration of the large bowel. When the anastomosis is chronically irritated by inflammation or by formation of a diverticulum, development, of carcinoma near the stoma was observed. This was the case in three rats of 28 animals. The results demonstrate that the resected colon of the rat is not more sensitive to experimental carcinogenesis than the intact one.
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PMID:Experimental carcinogenesis in the resected colon of the rat. 14


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