Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

High-dose anticancer drugs have been shown to induce an increase in serum erythropoietin (sEpo) levels not mediated by hypoxia. In this study, sEpo was assessed in seven patients who had been administered a course of 5-day leucovorin-modulated 5-fluorouracil (5-FU-LV) as an adjuvant therapy after the removal of colon cancer. During this study, the mean hemoglobin (Hb) concentration stayed at a constant level, peripheral blood (PB) reticulocytes showed an early, sharp decline, and sEpo levels progressively increased for 15 days after the start of chemotherapy. These results appear to indicate that the increase in sEpo, which was not related to anemia, may have followed from the administration of a cytotoxic drug at doses used in routine, clinical practice.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin increase in patients receiving adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin. 795 12

A 15-year-old female presenting with anemia and positive for occult blood was diagnosed as having an adenomatous polyp with mild atypia in the cecum by colonoscopy. Microscopically, the majority of the surface of the tubulovillous adenoma was occupied by a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, indicating that the adenoma-carcinoma sequence is involved in the development of colon cancers, even in children. Forty-three cases of proven carcinoma of the colon in Japanese children aged under 15 years are also reviewed. The majority of the patients were aged over 10. Although an emergency laparotomy was undertaken in 42.5% of these patients, the signs and symptoms observed in these children did not markedly differ from those of adults. Colon cancer should not be excluded in children only on the basis of age, and barium enema and colonoscopy should therefore be applied to pediatric patients with unexplainable bleeding and abdominal pain, especially those over 10 years of age.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the colon in children: case report and review of the Japanese literature. 800 May 15

In a phase I trial, 17 patients were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m2 and leucovorin (LV) 500 mg/m2 intravenously weekly for 6 weeks followed by 2 weeks' rest and interferon alfa-2b 1, 3, 5, 8, or 10 million units (MU) subcutaneously tiw with no rest period. The most common toxicities were fatigue (12), diarrhea (10), nausea/vomiting (7), and fever (7). The maximum tolerated interferon dose was 8 MU tiw. Fatigue and increased incidence of other toxicities rather than a single dose-limiting toxicity occurred at the next highest interferon level. ECOG grade III/IV toxicity occurred in 5 patients and included transient supraventricular tachycardia and brief seizure episode (1), dyspnea (1), decreased performance status (1), anemia requiring transfusion (1), and deep vein thrombosis (1). No toxic deaths occurred. Two patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) had partial responses lasting 5 and 4 months. Two other patients with NSCLC had either minor response or stable disease, and 1 patient with colon cancer had a significant decline in serum CEA. The recommended alpha interferon dose is 8 MU tiw when given with this schedule of 5-FU/LV.
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PMID:Alpha interferon, leucovorin, and 5-fluorouracil (ALF) in advanced cancer: results of a dose-finding study and evidence of activity in non-small cell lung cancer. 803 55

This review included 92 cases with confirmed primary colon cancer seen at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Sioux Falls, South Dakota between 1988 and 1992. The presenting symptoms and signs and their relation to the site of the tumor, as well as the diagnostic procedures used, methods of treatment and follow-up are presented. Anemia was the initial presentation in 48 patients (52.2%), rectal bleeding in 19 patients (20.4%), and change in bowel habits in 15 patients (16.4%). Seventy-one of these cases (77.2%) were diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy, and the remaining 21 patients (23%) were diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy. Invasive adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type and was present in 75 patients (81%). At the time of diagnosis, 64 (69%) of the patients were in stage I and II and 28 (30.4%) were in stage III and IV. The extent of the disease clearly affects survival, with high mortality in those patients diagnosed at late stages. This review again emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in reducing the morbidity and mortality from this common neoplasm.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic review of 92 cases of colon cancer. 818 11

Young blacks with colon cancer continue to have a poor survival rate for reasons that remain undetermined. Medical records of blacks with colon cancer diagnosed at an inner-city hospital during a 10-year period were reviewed. The cohort consisted of 118 indigent, nonmigratory patients grouped by age. Group 1 consisted of 11 patients under age 50, and group 2 consisted of 107 patients age 50 and over. Admission symptoms were significantly different between groups. Patients in group 1 presented with abdominal pain more often than patients in group 2, and none of the patients in group 1 had anemia or obstruction, which comprised 14% and 11%, respectively, of the presenting symptoms in group 2 patients. Overall, survival difference was significant; the survival rate was 22.8 months for group 1 and 64.2 months for group 2 (P < .02). There was no difference in stage at presentation to account for the decreased survival in group 1. It is possible that the overwhelming majority (45%) of patients in group 1 with abdominal pain actually had more virulent disease, which accounts for the short survival. These individuals must be targeted for more aggressive patient education, surveillance, early detection and treatment, and follow-up.
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PMID:Colon cancer in blacks: age-related presentation and survival within a similar socioeconomic group. 818 55

A Jehovah's Witness presented with colon cancer and profound anemia. On admission, her hemoglobin level was 30 g/L (3.0 g/dL). She refused all transfusions and failed to respond to oral iron therapy. She was ultimately prepared for surgery using recombinant human erythropoietin, iron dextran, and total parenteral nutrition. It took nearly 1 month to increase her hemoglobin level to an acceptable preoperative level of 110 g/L (11.0 g/dL). During the postoperative period, erythropoietin and parenteral iron therapy were briefly continued and a follow-up hemoglobin level of greater than 120 g/L (12.0 g/dL) was observed. Recombinant human erythropoietin, along with parenteral iron and adequate nutrition, may be useful in patients who refuse transfusion or cannot be transfused because of difficult cross-reacting antibodies.
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PMID:Use of erythropoietin and parenteral iron dextran in a severely anemic Jehovah's Witness with colon cancer. 821 78

Diminutive hyperplastic polyps are the most common non-neoplastic lesions of the colon. Typically, they are small (< 0.5 cm) sessile lesions, lack cellular atypia, and are found predominantly in the rectosigmoid region of the colon. Multiple large hyperplastic polyps (> 1 cm) are rare. Although the relationship between diminutive hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps or carcinoma is controversial, even less data are available on the significance of large hyperplastic polyps. We report the case of a 56-yr-old man who was seen because of fatigue, anemia, and Hemoccult-positive stool. On air contrast barium enema study and colonoscopy, multiple polyps that were similar in appearance were found distributed symmetrically throughout the colon. However, histologic examination revealed 16 hyperplastic polyps 1-2 cm in size, multiple diminutive hyperplastic polyps, one adenomatous polyp, and one adenomatous polyp containing well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Because multiple large hyperplastic polyps are rare, we suspect this entity may be distinct from diminutive hyperplastic polyps. In our patient, large hyperplastic polyps were distributed symmetrically throughout the colon and were associated with a synchronous carcinoma. Because large hyperplastic polyps may be coincident with adenomatous polyps and carcinoma of the colon, we recommend that patients found to have large hyperplastic polyps undergo removal of all polyps for histologic study.
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PMID:Multiple large hyperplastic polyps of the colon coincident with adenocarcinoma. 827 80

The author studied the medical records of 133 patients who underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum in the Metropolitan Hospital Complex Arnulfo Arias Madrid from June 1972 to July 1992. In 9 (6.7%) the tumor was staged as Dukes A, in 49 (36.8%) as Dukes B; in 60 (43.1%) as Dukes C and in 10 (16.7%) as Dukes D. The anatomical location of the tumor was the cecum in 9 (6.7%), the ascending colon in 3 (2.3%), the sigmoid colon in 44 (33%) and the rectum in 41 (31.6%). Of the rectal carcinomas 24 (58.5%) were in the inferior one third, 10 (24.3) were in the middle and 7 (17%) in the superior third. It is evident that nearly two thirds of the tumors were within reach of the digital rectal examination of the sigmoidoscopic examination. The parents ranged from 21 to 89 years of age and their median age was 63 years. 73 patients were women and 60 were men. 60.5% of the women and 39.5% of the men had carcinoma of the colon. The sexual prevalence of carcinoma of the rectum was different: 5% were in men and 43% were in women. 2.2% of the tumors were synchronous and 4% were metachronous. The author discusses the number, type and indications for the surgical procedures used. There were no perioperative deaths. The 5 year survival for adenocarcinomas of the colon was 100% for those patients with tumors staged as Dukes A, 78.5% for the Dukes B, 61.1% for the Dukes C and 0% for those staged as Dukes D. For the rectal adenocarcinomas the 5 year survival was 100% for those patients with tumors in Stage Dukes A, 57.1%, for those in Dukes B, 33.3 for those in Dukes C and 0% in those in Dukes D. These results indicate that these patients are seen in an advanced stage and point to the urgent need to make the diagnosis in early, curable stages. The low incidence of tumors in stage Dukes A indicates an indifference of the patients and/or the doctors to the symptoms and signs of this disease. The most frequent symptoms, in descending order were: bleeding on defecation (all types), change in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation), abdominal pains, tenesmus and anemia (with its different clinical manifestations). Other symptoms were a palapable abdominal mass, feces with bloody mucus and rectal prolapse on defecation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Colorectal cancer. A study of 133 surgical cases]. 847 34

LY188011 (Gemcitabine hydrochloride) is a new derivative of deoxycytidine. Phase I study was carried out by a cooperative study group. LY188011 was administered weekly for 3 consecutive weeks starting with an initial dose of 60 mg/m2 (1n) and then increasing the dosage to 1,000 mg/m2 (16.7n). Dose limiting factor was found to be myelosuppression (decreases of WBC, neutrophils and platelet), and MTD was considered to be 1,000 mg/m2. The nadir of WBC and platelet were observed after about 1-3 weeks. It took 1-2 weeks for their recovery. Other adverse reactions included fever, fatigue, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, anemia and transient elevations of GOT and GPT. However, those adverse reactions were mild. T1/2 rho of plasma concentration was about 19 min and the C5min was dependent on the dose. Anti-cancer effects were observed in one gastric cancer and two colon cancer patients. It is recommended that the dosing schedule for an early phase II study is 800 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks with 1 week of rest as one cycle, in multiple cycles.
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PMID:[LY188011 phase I study. Research Group of Gemcitabine (LY188011)]. 868 15

Complications, prognosis, and efficacy of treatments were retrospectively studied in elderly patients, some of whom had lung, stomach, colon, pancreatic, and liver cancers. Hemoglobin concentration and characteristics of erythrocytes were measured for up to sixty months. Eighty-eight patients died of cancer, and malignant tumors were detected before death in 57. The average survival periods were 11 months for patients with gastric cancer. 9 months for those with colon cancer, and 7 months for those with lung cancer. Malignancies of the digestive organs and lung were often detected in elderly patients with anemia. In elderly people who were without cancer for more than 78 months the hemoglobin concentration did not change significantly, but in those with a malignancy the hemoglobin concentration continuously decreased. Patients with colon cancer who were given blood transfusions survived longer than those who were not given the transfusions, but the same was not true of patients with gastric or lung cancers. Iron therapy, however, was generally effective in patients with malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Among those who were near death, the red cell distribution widths differed significantly between patients with different types of carcinomas, but differences in mean corpuscular hemoglobin and in mean corpuscular volume were not statistically significant. In conclusion, hemoglobin concentration and characteristics of erythrocytes should not be neglected in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in the elderly.
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PMID:[Anemia in elderly patients with malignant tumors]. 895 40


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