Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the ten year period of this retrospective study, 66 of 1,451 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum had carcinoma of the cecum. The most frequent symptoms were nonspecific and caused by anemia which, in some instances, were treated without adequate investigation. The standard and most appropriate treatment for carcinoma of the cecum is a right hemicolectomy with ileotranversostomy and, when necessary and feasible, en bloc resection of involved parts of the abdominal wall. In the absence of nodal disease or distant metastases, extension to the abdominal wall does not adversely influence the prognosis. The surgeon must remain aware of the possibility of coexisting carcinoma of the cecum and appendicitis. Any patient with a mass or a persistent draining sinus after an appendectomy or drainage of an appendical abscess should be suspected of having carcinoma of the cecum. The over-all five year survival rate in this series is 33%, and if curative resections alone are considered, it is 44%, with an operative mortality of 3%. More recent evidence indicates that there has been a shortening of the delay in treatment, and we believe future studies will show an improvement in these figures.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the cecum. 84 3

The experience of a professorial unit over a four-year period of carcinoma of the colon and rectum is described. The high incidence of anaemia in lesions proximal to the splenic flexure is shown. The distressing misdiagnosis of the cause of this anaemia is pointed out, and the consequent misuse of haematinics in the form of blood transfusion, iron and vitamin B12 is shown.
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PMID:Anaemia in the elderly: caveat caecum. 105 85

We established an open-access, flexible, fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy service in an outpatient clinic in Kiriat-Shmona, Northern Israel. Twenty-eight general physicians in the city and in 41 surrounding rural residences (population 40,000) were encouraged to refer patients for sigmoidoscopy. In the first operative year, flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed on 255 patients (age range 10-90 years, mean 54). The male to female ratio was 123:132; women were slightly older than men (mean age 55.9 years vs. 51.1). Rectal bleeding and change in bowel habits were the most common indications. The sidmoidoscope was passed to the splenic flexure in 156 patients (61%). In five patients (2%) the instrument could not be inserted beyond the rectosigmoid junction. Excluding hemorrhoids and anal lesions, abnormalities were detected in 69 patients (27%). In 29 patients (11.4%) a cancer or polyp was found. Analysis of referral indications showed an increased positive predictive value for neoplastic lesions in patients referred for anemia (22.2%), weight loss (20.0%), abdominal pain (17.8%), and positive fecal occult blood test (15.4%). There were only two patients with polyp or cancer of 55 (3.6%) < 40 years of age, in contrast to 27 of 200 (13.5%) > 40 (p < 0.05). Sixty-six patients underwent further investigation, and 26 had positive results: colonic lesions were confirmed in 20 patients, sigmoid colon cancer was found on barium enema in one, and lesions outside the colon were detected in seven. Such open-access, flexible sigmoidoscopy gave higher yield for colorectal polyps or cancers than open-access or hospital-initiation barium enema.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Open-access, flexible, fiberoptic sigmoidoscopy in a regional primary-care clinic. 147 65

A phase II clinical study of 254-S, a new anticancer platinum complex for gastrointestinal cancers, was conducted by the 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group consisting of 16 institutions. 254-S was administered at 100 mg/m2 by intravenous drip infusion. This administration was repeated at 4-week intervals. The cases in which 254-S could be administered at least two times were regarded as complete cases evaluable for tumor response; of 75 cases registered, 53 were complete cases (29 cases with esophageal cancer, 12 with stomach cancer and 12 with colon cancer). As a result, 15 partial responses (PR) were obtained in the 29 patients with esophageal cancer and 1 PR from the 12 patients with stomach cancer, for a 51.7% and 8.3% response rate, respectively. 5 PR (55.6%) were obtained in 9 esophageal cancer patients with prior chemotherapy, including 2 PR in 4 patients previously treated with cisplatin. Major toxic effects observed were hematotoxicity including thrombocytopenia (59.0%), leukopenia (68.9%) and anemia (57.4%) and gastrointestinal toxicity such as nausea and vomiting (63.9%) and anorexia (41.0%); since grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia was observed with an incidence of 27.9%, careful monitoring seems to be required during the treatment with this product. Abnormal parameter changes on renal function included elevations of BUN (18.0%) and serum creatinine (9.8%). Based on these results, it was concluded that 254-S is a useful anticancer agent for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
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PMID:[A phase II clinical study of cis-diammine glycolato platinum, 254-S, for gastrointestinal cancers. 254-S Gastrointestinal Cancer Study Group]. 155 98

We systematically analyzed the relationship between 47 clinicoepidemiologic parameters and stage of colon cancer in 315 patients who underwent colon cancer surgery from 1982 through 1988 at the Robert Johnson University Hospital. A history of hemorrhoids was correlated with early cancer, possibly because of earlier self-referral (odds ratio = 18.2; chi 2 = 10.4; degrees of freedom = 1; p less than 0.001). However, anemia was correlated with advanced cancer (odds ratio = 0.21; chi 2 = 13.7; degrees of freedom = 1; p less than 0.0002). Anemia may result from chronic bleeding due to a longstanding cancer. Prior studies have suggested that intensive screening programs may produce earlier colon cancer detection; this study demonstrated for all patients at a medical center a significant trend from 1982 through 1988 of detecting colon cancer at an earlier pathologic stage and with a better differentiated histologic grade (for first half of study period 44.4% had Dukes' stage A or B cancer, second half of study period 58.6% had Dukes' stage A or B cancer; odds ratio = 0.56; chi 2 = 5.8; degree of freedom = 1; p less than 0.02). Possible explanations for this phenomenon are earlier self-referral because of increased patient awareness of cancer warning signs, and earlier physician detection because of greater use of colonoscopy and polypectomy and because of increased screening and surveillance. This earlier detection may herald a future significant decrease in colon cancer mortality at this hospital because prognosis is closely related to cancer stage. Further studies are required to determine if this is part of a national trend.
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PMID:The relationship between the clinical presentation and spread of colon cancer in 315 consecutive patients. A significant trend of earlier cancer detection from 1982 through 1988 at a university hospital. 156 98

Platelet counts were evaluated in 714 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (N-SCLC), small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL), and colon cancer entered to a clinical trial. Patients had not received prior chemotherapy. Platelet counts were not different in patients who had received radiation therapy prior to entry to the study. In comparison to the other tumor types, patients with N-SCLC demonstrated an increased prevalence of thrombocytosis (counts greater than 400,000/mm3), higher platelet counts at the time of entry to the study, higher over all mean platelet counts, relative preservation of high platelet levels during disease progression, and no relationship between platelet numbers and the amount of chemotherapy given. By contrast, platelet counts in patients with SCCL were negatively correlated with the absolute amount of cyclophosphamide and adriamycin given, and declined most dramatically with disease progression and death. Platelet numbers did not correlate with fibrinopeptide A or fibrin split product levels suggesting that disseminated intravascular coagulation or fibrinolysis may have had less influence on platelet numbers than certain other factors. By contrast, significant correlations were found for all three tumor types between platelet numbers and other indicators of bone marrow function including anemia, total leukocyte count, and absolute neutrophil count; and the fibrinogen level. Based upon these findings, we postulate that the host response to malignancy, possibly in the form of production of bone marrow-stimulating cytokines, may play a prominent role in regulation of platelet counts in these (and perhaps other) neoplasms, and that a particularly prominent and persistent degree of marrow stimulation exists in patients with N-SCLC.
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PMID:The platelet count in carcinoma of the lung and colon. 196 50

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induces hemorrhagic necrosis in the Meth A mouse tumor model and has shown cytostatic and cytotoxic antitumor effects against a wide range of human tumors both in vitro and as human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Because of in vitro activity against colorectal tumors and antitumor responses in colon cancer patients in phase I trials, this phase II study was undertaken. Patients were treated with TNF administered daily for 5 days/week every other week at a dose of 150 micrograms/m2/day as a 30-min i.v. infusion. One cycle consisted of 4 weeks of treatment over an 8-week period. Twenty-five patients have been entered into this study with three patients ineligible. The 22 eligible patients ranged in age from 38-73 years and had initial performance status of 0 in 10 patients, 1 in 10 patients, and 2 in 2 patients. No complete or partial responses were seen. Two patients had stable disease (no response) and 18 patients progressed. Two patients had no evaluation and were assumed to have had no response. The response rate is therefore 0%, with a 95% exact confidence interval of 0% to 15%. There was one grade 4 toxicity consisting of nausea and vomiting. Most common grade 3 toxicities were chills and fever in four patients, nausea and vomiting in three patients, and anemia and elevated liver enzymes in two patients. Headache, myalgia/arthralgia, and elevated serum triglycerides were frequently seen. Mildly elevated levels of fibrin split products were seen after TNF treatment in 5/13 evaluable patients and one ineligible patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase II trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor in patients with metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. 207 44

This study presents a review of 519 of 553 unselected patients with carcinoma of the caecum presenting in the Plymouth Health District between 1975 and 1987. A large proportion of the patients were elderly and the median age increased throughout the study period to 76 years. One third of cases presented as an emergency and a small number was discovered at autopsy. Bowel obstruction accounted for over half the emergencies and chronic anaemia for half the elective cases. At presentation many tumours were advanced and only 5% were Dukes' A. One quarter of patients had synchronous tumours. Resection was performed in most cases, and this was attempted even in the presence of local invasion and liver metastases. Morbidity following resection was low and only six anastomotic leaks were clinically apparent. The mortality rate following resection was 2.6% and was higher for emergency procedures. The age-adjusted 5-year survival rate was 37% and rose to 64% for those undergoing 'curative' surgery. These results suggest that future improvements in the management of right colon cancer may lie with early referral and diagnosis. This study further highlights the importance of good perioperative care in the increasingly elderly patient.
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PMID:Carcinoma of the caecum. 235 83

A 77-year-old man was admitted to our hospital, due to systemic lymph node swelling. Nine months before his admission, he had been given a right hemicolonectomy for a colon cancer, that had been followed by chemotherapy (MMC and Tegafur). Laboratory testing revealed these findings: RBC 217 x 10(4)/mm3, Hb 8.3 g/dl, haptoglobin less than 10 mg/dl, positive Coombs test, cold hemagglutinin titer, 1:512, and polyclonal hyper r-globulinemia. A biopsy of a lymph node specimen exhibited the histological appearance of an IBL-like T-cell lymphoma described by Shimoyama et al. Although treatment with prednisolone was started for autoimmune hemolytic anemia, the patient died of severe anemia two months after the appearance of his lymph node symptoms.
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PMID:[An autopsy study of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (IBL)-like T-cell lymphoma in a patient previously treated with chemotherapy in colon cancer]. 249 73

An early diagnosis in asymptomatic patients and a prompt treatment lead to an improved survival rate in patients with carcinoma of the colon. Patients with a short symptomatic history of colon cancer do not have a better prognosis than patients with a long history. Between 1978 and 1984 a consecutive series of 571 patients with colorectal cancer were admitted to the First Department of Surgery of the University of Rome. All patients were classified into five groups according to the duration of specific intestinal symptoms. In Group 1 (51 cases) asymptomatic patients were included, or patients with no specific symptoms such as asthenia, anemia, occult fecal blood. In Group 2 there were 129 patients with intestinal symptoms of less than 3 months' duration before treatment. In Group 3 there were 192 patients with symptoms of between 4 and 6 months' duration; 151 patients with symptoms of between 6 and 12 months were included in Group 4, and finally 48 patients who presented with symptoms of more than 1 year were included in Group 5. No relationship was noted between tumor site and duration of symptoms. Similarly, no relationship was noted between the duration of intestinal symptoms and stage and tumor differentiation. On the other hand, asymptomatic patients showed a higher incidence of T1N0M0 stage tumor and a lower percentage of undifferentiated neoplasms. The resectability rate was 79% and it was significantly related to the absence of intestinal symptoms. Follow-up data were available in 454 patients (80%). The overall survival rate was 52.4%. In Group 1 through Group 5 the 5-year survival rate was: 83.7%, 50%, 50%, 46.3%, 46.9%. The results of our study indicate that patients admitted in asymptomatic phase presented less-advanced stage tumors and, thus, best survival rate. On the other hand, from our data the duration of intestinal symptoms is not related to the stage and prognosis of tumors.
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PMID:Relationship of symptom duration and survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma. 255 43


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